多棱饲用大麦品系粮、草产量及品质的鉴定与综合评价
Comprehensive Assessment of the Yield and Quality of Forage and Grain among Multi-Rowed Barley Lines
通讯作者:
收稿日期: 2021-07-6 修回日期: 2022-08-18 网络出版日期: 2022-08-05
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Received: 2021-07-6 Revised: 2022-08-18 Online: 2022-08-05
作者简介 About authors
赵斌,主要从事大麦和小麦育种研究,E-mail:
为培育适宜沿江、江淮地区种植的粮(籽粒)和草(饲草)产量及品质优良的大麦新品种,对12份多棱饲用大麦新品系和对照品种西引二号的饲草和籽粒的产量及品质进行比较,运用灰色关联度分析法进行综合评价。结果表明,B11015-1干草产量显著高于大部分自育品系,但与对照差异不显著;多个自育品系的籽粒产量高于对照,其中B11015-7籽粒产量最高;B11015-7和B11015-3饲草粗蛋白含量较高,分别为7.96%和7.82%;B11015-2和B11015-14相对饲喂价值(RFV)较高,分别为159.15和157.14;B11015-3和皖饲2-1籽粒蛋白质含量较高,分别为10.33%和10.03%。采用灰色关联度分析,以10个性状指标对参试品种(系)进行综合评价,初步认为B11015-3、B11015-1、B11015-2和B11015-14等4个自育品系优于对照,可能成为沿江、江淮等地种植的粮、草兼用多棱饲用大麦材料。
关键词:
In order to breed elite barley varieties suitable for planting along the Yangtze River and Jianghuai regions with good forage and grain yield and quality, 12 multi-rowed barley lines were compared with Xiyin No.2 (control variety, CK) and evaluated through grey correlation analysis. The results showed that the hay yield of B11015-1 was significantly higher than most of other lines, but had no significant difference with CK. The grain yield of several lines was higher than CK, among which B11015-7 had the highest grain yield. B11015-7 and B11015-3 had higher crude protein contents of 7.96% and 7.82%, respectively, while B11015-2 and B11015-14 had higher relative feeding value (159.15 and 157.14, respectively). B11015-3 and Wansi 2-1 had higher protein contents (10.33% and 10.03% respectively). Grey correlation analysis based on ten selected traits revealed B11015-3, B11015-1, B11015-2 and B11015-14 were superior than CK. Therefore, the selected four lines are elite barley materials for planting in Yangtze River and Jianghuai regions to harvest forage and grain.
Keywords:
本文引用格式
赵斌, 季昌好, 孙皓, 朱斌, 王瑞, 陈晓东.
Zhao Bin, Ji Changhao, Sun Hao, Zhu Bin, Wang Rui, Chen Xiaodong.
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地概况
试验于2019-2020年在安徽省农业科学院试验基地(117°25′ E,31°89′ N)进行,该地海拔19.8m。每年11月至次年5月属于大麦生长时期,日平均气温从12℃下降到4℃再逐步上升至23℃,平均降水量414.9mm。试验地为黏壤土,前茬为大豆,土壤pH 6.5、全氮927.0mg/kg、硝态氮6.1mg/kg、有效磷6.3mg/kg、速效钾200.8mg/kg。
1.2 试验材料
试验材料包括B11015-1、B11015-2、B11015-3、B11015-7、B11015-11、B11015-14、B11015-17、B10041-1、B10041-2、B10046、B11013和皖饲2-1等12份自育品系及对照品种西引二号。
1.3 试验设计
田间试验采用随机区组设计,3次重复,小区面积4m2,行长2m,行距25cm。于2019年11月1日播种,人工开沟条播,播量为270万株/hm2,常规管理。
1.4 测定项目与方法
1.4.1 饲草产量及品质
1.4.2 籽粒产量及品质
于完熟期在每小区剩余2m2随机取10株进行考种,测定株高、单株穗数(spike number per plant,SNP)、穗粒数(grain number per spike,GNS)及千粒重,收获小区其余植株产量。采用InfratecTM 1241近红外谷物分析仪测定籽粒蛋白质和淀粉含量。
1.5 数据处理
利用Excel 2013和SPSS 25.0软件对各指标进行方差分析和灰色关联度分析。依据灰色关联度理论[15]将13份材料的10个性状视作一个整体进行综合评价,xij为第i个品种的第j个性状的测定值(i=1,2,…,m;j=1,2,…,n),x0为构建的理想参考品种各指标值。基于灰色系统关联度理论的权重决策法,并结合生产实际,选取10个指标进行权重综合评价,相关公式如下:
关联系数:
等权关联度:
权重系数:
加权关联度:
2 结果与分析
2.1 株高及产量性状比较
如表1所示,株高及产量性状在参试材料间的差异大部分达到显著水平。对照品种的株高最高,为114.15cm,显著高于除B11015-1和B11013外的其他自育品系;单株穗数在自育品系间差异显著,但与CK差异均不显著,皖饲2-1的单株穗数最高,为4.43;9个自育品系的穗粒数均显著高于CK,其中B11015-2的穗粒数最高,为63.99;8个品系的千粒重显著高于CK,其中B11015-3的千粒重最高,为33.97g;9个自育品系的籽粒产量均显著高于CK,其中B11015-7最高,为7.55t/hm2;所有自育品系的干草产量与CK差异均不显著,B11015-1干草产量最高,为18.88t/hm2。
表1 参试材料的株高及产量性状
Table 1
材料 Material | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 单株穗数 SNP | 穗粒数 GNS | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 籽粒产量 Grain yield (t/hm2) | 干草产量 Hay yield (t/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B11015-1 | 108.33±6.66abc | 3.80±0.82abc | 56.33±3.28ab | 32.77±1.12b | 6.43±0.28de | 18.88±0.69a |
B11015-2 | 96.13±4.88f | 3.87±0.68abc | 63.99±3.05a | 30.40±0.87cde | 7.02±0.27abcd | 16.44±1.77ab |
B11015-3 | 106.22±2.57bcd | 4.20±0.53abc | 56.34±2.02ab | 33.97±0.21a | 7.12±0.53abc | 15.65±0.99b |
B11015-7 | 100.03±6.29def | 3.17±0.58c | 53.06±2.96cd | 32.23±1.78b | 7.55±0.26a | 15.51±1.76b |
B11015-11 | 101.90±1.35cdef | 4.33±0.21ab | 54.36±1.50c | 30.43±0.57cde | 7.49±0.48ab | 15.60±1.46b |
B11015-14 | 104.96±0.83bcd | 3.30±0.26bc | 60.99±2.42a | 31.77±0.38bc | 6.56±0.34cde | 15.65±2.29b |
B11015-17 | 96.95±3.23ef | 3.97±0.32abc | 57.10±2.28ab | 30.40±1.06cde | 7.33±0.31ab | 15.64±1.72b |
B10041-1 | 101.61±1.59cdef | 3.77±0.06abc | 52.76±5.70cd | 33.37±0.29ab | 5.99±0.21ef | 14.71±0.45b |
B10041-2 | 102.93±4.79cdef | 3.40±0.87abc | 55.01±4.09c | 33.07±0.50ab | 6.45±0.57cde | 14.56±1.61b |
B10046 | 103.59±3.66cde | 3.90±0.52abc | 51.96±2.88cd | 33.10±0.42ab | 6.85±0.30bcd | 15.10±1.49b |
B11013 | 111.86±2.59ab | 3.13±0.50c | 62.41±2.77a | 30.53±0.71cd | 5.60±0.44f | 14.96±0.52b |
皖饲2-1 Wansi 2-1 | 106.51±2.89bcd | 4.43±0.55a | 54.60±2.07c | 28.93±0.90de | 6.03±0.29ef | 16.62±0.66ab |
西引二号Xiyin No.2 (CK) | 114.15±2.41a | 3.90±0.66abc | 48.35±1.27d | 28.90±1.08e | 5.46±0.14f | 16.60±1.31ab |
不同小写字母表示品种间差异显著(P < 0.05),下同
Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different varieties at the 0.05 level, the same below
2.2 饲草品质及籽粒品质的比较
如表2所示,B11015-7饲草CP含量最高(7.96%),B11015-3其次(7.82%),二者均与CK差异不显著;CF、ADF和NDF含量在不同品系间的变化趋势基本一致,其中B11015-14和B11015-2的CF、ADF和NDF含量相对较低;ADL含量在品系间差异相对较小,其中B11015-2含量最低(2.70%),与CK差异不显著;B11015-2和B11015- 14的RFV较高,与CK差异不显著。B11015-3和皖饲2-1的籽粒蛋白质含量相对较高,分别为10.33%和10.03%,与CK相当;B11015-17与B11015-3籽粒淀粉含量差异显著,其他参试材料间均无显著差异。
表2 参试材料饲草品质与籽粒品质比较
Table 2
材料 Material | 粗蛋白含量 CP (%DM) | 粗纤维含量 CF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤 木质素 ADL (%DM) | 相对饲喂价值 RFV | 籽粒蛋白质含量 Protein content in grains (%) | 籽粒淀粉含量 Starch content in grains (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B11015-1 | 6.08±0.52bcde | 25.80±0.57cde | 25.95±0.64cd | 44.50±2.40cde | 3.50±0.14ab | 143.82±8.81ab | 9.43±0.45bcd | 54.33±0.76ab |
B11015-2 | 5.71±0.30cde | 24.10±2.40de | 20.20±0.00e | 42.90±3.39de | 2.70±0.14b | 159.15±12.59a | 8.33±0.85f | 54.63±0.85ab |
B11015-3 | 7.82±0.04ab | 30.35±2.62ab | 31.05±3.32ab | 51.20±1.13ab | 4.00±0.28a | 117.65±7.30de | 10.33±1.04ab | 53.43±0.80b |
B11015-7 | 7.96±0.80a | 29.40±1.13abc | 28.40±0.42abc | 50.65±3.32ab | 3.90±0.14a | 122.93±8.67cde | 8.30±0.75f | 54.47±0.76ab |
B11015-11 | 6.79±0.46abcd | 29.90±0.42ab | 29.85±0.92abc | 49.20±0.57bc | 4.20±0.14a | 124.14±2.78bcde | 8.60±0.10def | 54.23±0.47ab |
B11015-14 | 5.05±0.23de | 22.80±1.13e | 23.05±0.07de | 42.00±0.42e | 3.25±0.07ab | 157.14±1.71a | 8.40±0.20ef | 54.33±0.81ab |
B11015-17 | 5.60±0.78cde | 28.60±1.41abc | 27.25±2.33bc | 47.70±2.12bcd | 3.95±0.92a | 132.18±9.42bcd | 8.20±0.53f | 54.93±0.70a |
B10041-1 | 6.71±1.22abcde | 27.40±0.28bcd | 28.35±0.07abc | 48.30±1.27bc | 3.70±0.14ab | 128.73±3.50bcd | 9.50±0.10bcd | 54.30±0.66ab |
B10041-2 | 4.89±1.03e | 31.80±0.28a | 32.20±0.14a | 54.60±1.13a | 4.30±0.14a | 108.75±2.07e | 9.07±0.49cdef | 53.90±0.53ab |
B10046 | 5.50±1.00de | 28.80±0.00abc | 27.95±0.21bc | 49.50±1.13abc | 3.20±0.28ab | 126.18±2.57bcde | 9.37±0.50bcde | 53.63±0.55ab |
B11013 | 6.32±0.18abcde | 26.05±0.92cde | 25.80±1.41cd | 45.20±1.84cde | 3.55±0.64ab | 141.67±3.49abc | 9.37±0.25bcde | 53.77±0.31ab |
皖饲2-1 Wansi 2-1 | 6.27±1.29abcde | 27.35±3.04bcd | 28.25±3.32abc | 45.90±2.69bcde | 3.85±0.92a | 135.96±13.21bcd | 10.03±0.25abc | 54.07±0.91ab |
西引二号 Xiyin No.2 (CK) | 7.40±0.54abc | 27.20±0.85bcd | 26.05±2.19cd | 45.90±3.68bcde | 3.55±0.49ab | 139.63±14.65abc | 10.50±0.46a | 53.53±1.12ab |
2.3 关联度分析
基于上述分析,去除ADF、NDF、ADL和籽粒淀粉含量4个指标,以其余10个性状指标对自育品系进行综合评价,构成{x0}={114.15,4.43,63.99,33.97,18.88,7.55,7.96,22.80,159.15,10.50}。将参试材料各指标均值进行无量纲化处理,然后根据公式(1)计算关联系数,其中
表3 参试材料与理想品种的关联系数
Table 3
材料 Material | 株高 Plant height | 单株穗数 SNP | 穗粒数 GNS | 千粒重 1000-grain weight | 干草产量 Hay yield | 籽粒产量 Grain yield | 粗蛋白 CP | 粗纤维 CF | 相对饲 喂价值 RFV | 籽粒蛋白质含量 Protein content in grains |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B11015-1 | 0.7947 | 0.5812 | 0.6226 | 0.8482 | 1.0000 | 0.5698 | 0.4551 | 0.6000 | 0.6720 | 0.6595 |
B11015-2 | 0.5556 | 0.6096 | 1.0000 | 0.6525 | 0.6044 | 0.7364 | 0.4110 | 0.7759 | 1.0000 | 0.4885 |
B11015-3 | 0.7397 | 0.7917 | 0.6228 | 1.0000 | 0.5356 | 0.7764 | 0.9208 | 0.3734 | 0.4309 | 0.9242 |
B11015-7 | 0.6148 | 0.4097 | 0.5362 | 0.7940 | 0.5251 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.4054 | 0.4644 | 0.4851 |
B11015-11 | 0.6478 | 0.8974 | 0.5673 | 0.6545 | 0.5315 | 0.9623 | 0.5730 | 0.3879 | 0.4729 | 0.5217 |
B11015-14 | 0.7103 | 0.4362 | 0.8082 | 0.7529 | 0.5356 | 0.6004 | 0.3508 | 1.0000 | 0.9399 | 0.4967 |
B11015-17 | 0.5671 | 0.6553 | 0.6470 | 0.6525 | 0.5344 | 0.8688 | 0.3995 | 0.4369 | 0.5381 | 0.4740 |
B10041-1 | 0.6425 | 0.5698 | 0.5293 | 0.9179 | 0.4718 | 0.4888 | 0.5577 | 0.4945 | 0.5080 | 0.6745 |
B10041-2 | 0.6676 | 0.4591 | 0.5844 | 0.8817 | 0.4631 | 0.5762 | 0.3384 | 0.3333 | 0.3839 | 0.5917 |
B10046 | 0.6809 | 0.6226 | 0.5122 | 0.8851 | 0.4965 | 0.6804 | 0.3896 | 0.4286 | 0.4879 | 0.6471 |
B11013 | 0.9079 | 0.4021 | 0.8888 | 0.6609 | 0.4871 | 0.4326 | 0.4899 | 0.5806 | 0.6425 | 0.6471 |
皖饲2-1 Wansi 2-1 | 0.7468 | 1.0000 | 0.5736 | 0.5709 | 0.6220 | 0.4942 | 0.4823 | 0.4972 | 0.5753 | 0.8151 |
西引二号 Xiyin No.2 (CK) | 1.0000 | 0.6226 | 0.4468 | 0.5694 | 0.6201 | 0.4160 | 0.7371 | 0.5056 | 0.6168 | 1.0000 |
根据公式(2)和(3)分别计算各性状指标的等权关联度和权重系数(表4)。关联度与权重系数顺序为千粒重>株高>籽粒产量>籽粒蛋白质含量>每穗粒数>单株穗数>RFV>干草产量>粗蛋白含量>粗纤维含量。
表4 10个性状指标的等权关联度和权重系数
Table 4
性状 Trait | 等权关联度 Equal weight association degree | 权重系数 Weighting coefficient | 排序 Rank |
---|---|---|---|
干草产量Hay yield | 0.5713 | 0.0910 | 8 |
籽粒产量Grain yield | 0.6617 | 0.1054 | 3 |
株高Plant height | 0.7135 | 0.1136 | 2 |
单株穗数SNP | 0.6198 | 0.0987 | 6 |
每穗粒数GNS | 0.6415 | 0.1022 | 5 |
千粒重1000-grain weight | 0.7570 | 0.1206 | 1 |
粗蛋白含量CP | 0.5466 | 0.0870 | 9 |
粗纤维含量CF | 0.5246 | 0.0835 | 10 |
相对饲喂价值RFV | 0.5948 | 0.0947 | 7 |
籽粒蛋白质含量 Protein content in grains | 0.6481 | 0.1032 | 4 |
表5 参试材料加权关联度和排序
Table 5
材料 Material | 加权关联度 Weighted association degree | 排序 Rank |
---|---|---|
B11015-1 | 0.6861 | 2 |
B11015-2 | 0.6825 | 3 |
B11015-3 | 0.7245 | 1 |
B11015-7 | 0.6290 | 8 |
B11015-11 | 0.6298 | 7 |
B11015-14 | 0.6635 | 4 |
B11015-17 | 0.5853 | 12 |
B10041-1 | 0.5961 | 11 |
B10041-2 | 0.5448 | 13 |
B10046 | 0.5975 | 10 |
B11013 | 0.6221 | 9 |
皖饲2-1 Wansi 2-1 | 0.6418 | 6 |
西引二号Xiyin No.2 (CK) | 0.6577 | 5 |
3 讨论
3.1 影响大麦粮、草产量的因素
单株穗数、穗粒数及千粒重均是影响大麦籽粒产量的重要因素,同时单株穗数也反映植株的繁茂性,关系到饲草产量。本研究中有9份自育品系的籽粒产量高于对照,其中5份在7.00t/hm2以上,表明自育的大麦新品系具有较高的产量潜力。
3.2 影响大麦粮、草品质的因素
3.3 灰色关联度分析的应用
4 结论
12份自育多棱饲用大麦新品系及对照品种西引二号间的籽粒及饲草产量与品质性状差异均显著,利用灰色关联度综合评价认为,品系B11015-3、B11015-1、B11015-2和B11015-14表现均优于对照,有可能成为沿江、江淮等地种植的粮草兼用的多棱饲用大麦材料。
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施氮对晋北燕麦饲草主要农艺性状及干物质产量的影响
,DOI:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.04.023 [本文引用: 1]
为探究晋北农牧交错带燕麦(Avena sativa)生产的最佳施氮量,以饲用燕麦‘牧王’为研究材料,采用完全随机区组设计,测定不同施氮量(0,30,60,90,120,150,180 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>)对燕麦农艺性状和干物质产量的影响,同时对施氮量与干物质产量进行回归分析,对干物质产量与农艺性状进行相关性分析和通径分析。结果表明,施氮对燕麦株高、茎粗、旗叶叶面积有显著影响(P-2</sup>,施氮量为93.75 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>。相关性和通径分析表明,干物质产量(y)与各农艺性状的相关关系大小顺序依次为:株高(x<sub>1</sub>) > 叶面积(x<sub>4</sub>) > 鲜干比(x<sub>6</sub>) > 穗长(x<sub>3</sub>) > 茎粗(x<sub>2</sub>) > 叶茎比(x<sub>5</sub>),其中除了与鲜干比呈极显著负相关以外,与其他性状均成极显著的正相关关系。干物质产量与株高和茎粗的最优回归方程为y=-9.583+0.123x<sub>1</sub>+0.803x<sub>2</sub>(R<sup>2</sup>=0.611,F=14.149<sup>**</sup>)。综合结果分析,该地区燕麦的适宜施氮量为90~120 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>。
A review of livestock grazing and wheat grain yield:boom or bust
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Colinearity between the barley grain protein content (GPC) QTL on chromosome arm 6HS and the wheat Gpc-B1 region
,DOI:10.1007/s11032-007-9153-3 URL [本文引用: 1]
In silico system analysis of physiological traits determining grain yield and protein concentration for wheat as influenced by climate and crop management
,DOI:10.1093/jxb/erv049 PMID:25810069 [本文引用: 1]
Genetic improvement of grain yield (GY) and grain protein concentration (GPC) is impeded by large genotype×environment×management interactions and by compensatory effects between traits. Here global uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of the process-based wheat model SiriusQuality2 were conducted with the aim of identifying candidate traits to increase GY and GPC. Three contrasted European sites were selected and simulations were performed using long-term weather data and two nitrogen (N) treatments in order to quantify the effect of parameter uncertainty on GY and GPC under variable environments. The overall influence of all 75 plant parameters of SiriusQuality2 was first analysed using the Morris method. Forty-one influential parameters were identified and their individual (first-order) and total effects on the model outputs were investigated using the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test. The overall effect of the parameters was dominated by their interactions with other parameters. Under high N supply, a few influential parameters with respect to GY were identified (e.g. radiation use efficiency, potential duration of grain filling, and phyllochron). However, under low N, >10 parameters showed similar effects on GY and GPC. All parameters had opposite effects on GY and GPC, but leaf and stem N storage capacity appeared as good candidate traits to change the intercept of the negative relationship between GY and GPC. This study provides a system analysis of traits determining GY and GPC under variable environments and delivers valuable information to prioritize model development and experimental work.© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
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