Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 85-91.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.03.014

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Varieties Classification and Geographical Distribution of Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King

Chen Dan1, Pu Jianping2, Wu Shaoyun1(), Zhou Guoyan1, Long Wenjie1, Wu Xiaoyang1, Cai Qing1()   

  1. 1Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The National Crop Sharing and Service Platform-Yunnan Subplatform/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
    2The College of Arts and Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650222, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2019-10-24 Revised:2019-12-18 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-10
  • Contact: Shaoyun Wu,Qing Cai E-mail:caiyunwu205cn@aliyun.com;caiqingysri@163.com

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Abstract:

Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King is a unique and rare wheat resource of China and very important to wheat evolutionary research. In this study, the varieties classification and geographical distribution of the 56 Yunnan wheat resources stored in the crop germplasm resource genebank were studied by investigation of four taxonomical characteristics of awn shape, shell color, glume hair and grain color in two consecutive years, in order to provide theoretical reference for the conservation and utilization. The results showed that the highest diversity index was for shell color (1.1740), followed by awn shape (0.9664), glume hair (0.4954), and grain color (only one type, red grain) for the classification purpose. The 56 germplasms were divided into 14 varieties and distributed in 10 counties of Yunnan province. Among them, the most abundant and the main type was var. Ankoncum King, and var. Melanotum Zu was the second main type. A new variety was found, with short awn hairy white shell red grain, var. subhostianum &. At the same time, the Shuangjiang county has the most biggest geographical distribution with the most numbers and type of varieties followed by Zhenkang, Yongde and Yunxian, while the distribution areas of Gengma, Longling and Tengchong counties were very small.

Key words: Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King, Varieties classification, Geographical distribution

Table 1

The name and the source of materials"

序号Number 种质名称Germplasm name 来源Source 序号Number 种质名称Germplasm name 来源Source
1 铁壳麦 临沧凤庆 29 铁壳麦 保山腾冲
2 小麦(4)-1（铁壳） 临沧凤庆 30 短芒铁壳麦 临沧永德
3 凤庆硬壳麦 临沧凤庆 31 顶芒铁壳麦 临沧永德
4 凤庆硬壳麦 临沧凤庆 32 顶芒铁壳麦 临沧永德
5 耿马铁壳麦 临沧耿马 33 顶芒铁壳麦(3) 临沧永德
6 耿马铁壳麦 临沧耿马 34 顶芒铁壳麦(8) 临沧永德
7 澜沧铁壳麦 普洱澜沧 35 顶芒铁壳麦(13) 临沧永德
8 澜沧铁壳麦 普洱澜沧 36 顶芒铁壳麦(1) 临沧永德
9 澜沧铁壳麦 普洱澜沧 37 铁壳麦 临沧永德
10 铁壳麦 临沧临翔 38 永德红硬壳麦 临沧永德
11 铁壳麦 临沧临翔 39 永德红硬壳麦 临沧永德
12 临沧铁壳麦 临沧临翔 40 永德硬壳麦 临沧永德
13 临沧铁壳麦 临沧临翔 41 铁壳麦 临沧云县
14 临沧铁壳麦 临沧临翔 42 铁壳麦(2) 临沧云县
15 临沧铁壳麦 临沧临翔 43 铁壳麦(4) 临沧云县
16 大河头长芒小麦 保山龙陵 44 长芒硬壳麦 临沧云县
17 大河头顶芒小麦 保山龙陵 45 无芒硬壳麦 临沧云县
18 铁壳麦(2) 临沧双江 46 云县铁壳麦 临沧云县
19 铁壳麦(1) 临沧双江 47 云县铁壳麦 临沧云县
20 铁壳麦<4> 临沧双江 48 云县铁壳麦 临沧云县
21 铁壳麦<3> 临沧双江 49 长芒铁壳麦 临沧镇康
22 铁壳麦-4 临沧双江 50 顶芒铁壳麦 临沧镇康
23 铁壳麦(6) 临沧双江 51 顶芒镇康铁壳麦(1) 临沧镇康
24 铁壳麦(9) 临沧双江 52 顶芒镇康铁壳麦(1) 临沧镇康
25 双江长芒铁壳麦 临沧双江 53 顶芒镇康铁壳麦(2) 临沧镇康
26 长芒铁壳麦 临沧双江 54 镇康铁壳麦 临沧镇康
27 双江铁壳麦 临沧双江 55 双江铁壳麦（黑壳） 临沧双江
28 双江铁壳麦 临沧双江 56 镇康铁壳麦 临沧镇康

Fig.1

The diversity index of the three traits of varieties classification"

Table 2

The variety types and main characteristics of T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense King"

变种类型Variety type 主要特性Main characteristic 拉丁名Latin name 材料数量Material quantity
1 无芒,颖无毛,白壳红粒 var. ankoncum King 13
2 无芒,颖无毛,红壳红粒 var. lanchankiangenes King 4
3 无芒,颖无毛,黑壳白底红粒 var. melanotum Zu 7
4 无芒,颖有毛,白壳红粒 var. fenkwangtoucum King 4
5 无芒,颖有毛,红壳红粒 var. mieningense King 4
6 长芒,颖无毛,白壳红粒 var. shuankiangense King 7
7 长芒,颖无毛,白壳黑边红粒 var. margopullatum Zu 3
8 长芒,颖无毛,红壳红粒 var. rubrospicatumu Zu 2
9 长芒,颖无毛,黑壳白底红粒 var. tahueimaicum Zu 3
10 短芒,颖无毛,白壳红粒 var. sub-shuankiangensn Zu 4
11 短芒,颖无毛,红壳红粒 var. sub-rubrospicatum Zu 1
12 短芒,颖无毛,黑壳白底红粒 var. sub-tahueimaicum Zu 1
13 短芒,颖有毛,红壳红粒 var. rariorum Zu 1
14 短芒,颖有毛,白壳红粒* var. subhostianum & 2

Fig.2

The spike morphology of different variety types in T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense King A, awnless hairless white shell and red grain; B, short awn hairy white shell and red grain; C, long awn hairless black shell with white background and red grain; D, short awn hairless red shell and red grain"

Table 3

The yield related traits of different variety types in T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense King"

变种类型
Variety
type		 年份
Year		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 有效分蘖数
Spike number
per plant		 穗长
Spike length
(cm)		 每穗小穗数
Spikelet number
per spike		 小穗粒数
Kernel number
per spikelet		 穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
1 2018 123.02 9.44 11.93 24.28 3.83 64.52 29.12
2019 108.48 14.93 11.45 27.42 2.36 41.92 21.19
2 2018 117.25 9.89 10.26 21.42 4.00 62.28 26.97
2019 110.57 16.68 10.45 25.64 2.25 32.85 20.57
3 2018 127.38 10.37 11.65 22.54 3.78 60.19 29.63
2019 106.40 15.61 10.77 25.32 2.01 34.64 21.73
4 2018 126.51 9.23 12.05 24.59 3.77 65.81 30.67
2019 107.27 13.28 11.01 26.76 2.27 42.49 22.53
5 2018 118.88 9.73 11.55 23.78 3.83 61.82 31.80
2019 107.75 18.53 11.33 27.05 2.68 45.58 19.22
6 2018 118.10 9.71 10.97 23.42 3.85 64.35 29.88
2019 105.56 15.82 10.36 26.79 2.42 38.80 25.42
7 2018 106.72 8.79 11.04 22.87 3.84 67.36 30.28
2019 100.77 14.11 10.74 26.67 2.32 40.41 25.09
8 2018 123.08 10.03 10.81 23.55 3.68 60.28 23.89
2019 104.12 16.58 10.45 26.30 2.33 38.57 18.99
9 2018 117.73 8.93 10.87 23.52 3.67 64.10 27.69
2019 103.32 14.54 10.53 26.67 2.47 41.76 21.86
10 2018 124.67 9.28 11.92 23.61 4.21 72.23 29.93
2019 116.73 14.93 11.83 26.92 2.78 48.95 24.33
11 2018 116.00 10.83 9.57 21.33 3.83 44.60 30.33
2019 117.36 18.00 11.64 27.50 1.75 38.00 18.37
12 2018 131.57 9.53 11.66 22.33 3.60 53.31 28.10
2019 108.61 14.00 11.10 25.64 2.14 34.88 25.42
13 2018 113.46 10.60 11.78 23.20 3.80 65.00 24.92
2019 118.13 16.13 11.51 28.13 3.00 42.13 23.94
14 2018 129.24 9.82 13.44 25.22 4.17 80.42 29.23
2019 99.77 15.48 11.11 26.57 2.80 47.46 23.70

Table 4

The geographical distribution of variety of T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense King"

变种类型
Variety type		 澜沧
Lancang		 双江
Shuangjiang		 临翔
Linxiang		 镇康
Zhenkang		 永德
Yongde		 云县
Yunxian		 凤庆
Fengqing		 耿马
Gengma		 龙陵
Longling		 腾冲
Tengchong		 变种分布的行政县数量
Numbers of countries for
variety distribution
1 + + + + + + 6
2 + + 2
3 + + + + + + 6
4 + + + 3
5 + + + 3
6 + + + + + 5
7 + + 2
8 + + 2
9 + + 2
10 + + + 3
11 + 1
12 + 1
13 + 1
14 + 1

Table 5

The variety types and quantities of T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense King in different counties"

行政县
County		 变种类型
Variety
type		 变种数量
Variety
quantity		 占总变种数量的百分比
Percentage of
quantities (%)
澜沧Lancang 3 3 5.4
双江Shuangjiang 7 12 21.4
临翔Linxiang 4 6 10.7
镇康Zhenkang 5 7 12.5
永德Yongde 5 11 19.6
云县Yunxian 5 8 14.3
凤庆Fengqing 4 4 7.1
耿马Gengma 2 2 3.6
龙陵Longling 2 2 3.6
腾冲Tengchong 1 1 1.8
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