Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 59-64.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.05.009

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Effects of High Temperature Stress at Booting Stage on Maize Hybrids

Wu Weihua(), Liu Jiayou(), Yuan Liuzheng, Yan Haixia, Fu Jiafeng, Wang Huiqiang, Wang Rui, Li Teng, Liu Kang   

  1. Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luohe 462300, Henan, China
  • Received:2020-01-15 Revised:2020-02-25 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-12
  • Contact: Liu Jiayou E-mail:15939562916@163.com;liu@126.com

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Abstract:

In order to screen and analyze summer maize varieties with high temperature tolerance, intelligent greenhouse was used to simulate high temperature weather at maize booting stage. To study and analyze the effects of high temperature stress at booting stage on the different plant characters namely ear characters, florescence stage, fertility rate and theoretical yield, ten summer maize hybrids were used. The results showed that the high temperature stress at booting stage caused higher plant height and ear height, delayed period of stamen growth, pistil growth and pollen dispersal, shortened the interval between tasseling and powdering, prolonged the period of male and female separation, and decreased ear length, ear diameter, ear row number, row grain number, ear grain number, ear grain weight, fertility rate and theoretical yield. Through different analysis and cluster analysis for performances and changes of different varieties under high temperature stress at booting stage, high temperature resistance of the tested varieties was from strong to weak: Luoyu 336 > Luoyu 16 > Yangguang 98 > Zhengdan 958 > Yufeng 3358 > Xianyu 335 > Yangguang 99 > Luoqing 19 > Luoyu 172 > Luoyu 171.

Key words: Booting stage, High temperature stress, Maize hybrids, High temperature resistance coefficient

Table 1

Treatment stage and temperature control description of high temperature (HT) "

处理阶段Processing stage 控温要求及说明Temperature control requirements and instructions
播种后至小喇叭口期前
From after sowing to before small bellmouth stage		 保持温室温度与室外温度基本一致
小喇叭口期Small bellmouth stage 9:00-16:00温室温度保持在31℃~36℃（黄淮海夏玉米生长过程中小喇叭口期
最高气温一般不超过36℃）,其余时间与室外温度基本一致。期间温室温度保
持在34℃~36℃的天数不少于5d
大喇叭口期Big bellmouth stage

 9:00-16:00温室温度保持在33℃~38℃（黄淮海夏玉米生长过程中大喇叭口期
最高气温一般为36℃~38℃）,其余时间与室外温度基本一致。期间温室温度保持
在36℃~38℃的天数不少于5d
花期Flowering stage

 9:00-16:00温室温度保持在35℃~40℃（黄淮海夏玉米生长过程中花期最高气
温一般为38℃~40℃）,其余时间与室外温度基本一致。期间温室温度保持在
38℃~40℃的天数不少于5d
灌浆期前15d First 15 days of grouting stage 9:00-16:00温室温度保持在35℃~40℃（黄淮海夏玉米生长过程中花期最高气
温一般为38℃~40℃）,其余时间与室外温度基本一致。期间温室温度
保持在38℃~40℃的天数不少于5d
灌浆15d后至收获 From 15 days after grouting to harvest 保持温室温度与室外温度基本一致

Table 2

Flowering stage and its related indexes of different maize varieties under normal and high temperature treatment d"

品种
Variety		 播种至抽雄期
Sowing to
tasseling stage		 播种至吐丝期
Sowing to
silking stage		 播种至散粉期
Sowing to
powdering stage		 雌雄间隔期
Tasseling to
silking stage		 抽雄散粉间隔期
Tasseling to
powdering stage
CK HT CK HT CK HT CK HT CK HT
阳光98 Yangguang 98 53 59 54 62 56 61 1 3 3 2
阳光99 Yangguang 99 53 60 54 63 56 62 1 3 3 2
豫丰3358 Yufeng 3358 54 59 56 62 57 61 2 3 3 2
漯玉336 Luoyu 336 54 57 56 59 57 60 2 2 3 3
漯玉16 Luoyu 16 54 58 56 60 58 61 2 2 4 3
漯青19 Luoqing 19 53 59 55 63 56 61 2 4 3 2
漯玉172 Luoyu 172 53 61 54 65 56 63 1 4 3 2
漯玉171 Luoyu 171 54 62 56 68 57 64 2 6 3 2
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 53 58 54 60 56 60 1 2 3 2
先玉335 Xianyu 335 54 59 55 61 57 61 1 2 3 2
平均Average 53.5 59.2 55.0 62.3 56.6 61.4 1.5 3.1 3.1 2.2

Table 3

Plant height, ear height and theirs high temperature tolerance coefficients of different maize varieties under normal and high temperature treatments"

品种
Variety		 株高Plant height 穗位高Ear height
CK HT 耐高温系数
Heat resistance
coefficient
(%)		 CK HT 耐高温系数
Heat resistance
coefficient
(%)
平均值
Mean
(cm)		 变异系数
CV
(%)		 平均值
Mean
(cm)		 变异系数
CV
(%)		 平均值
Mean
(cm)		 变异系数
CV
(%)		 平均值
Mean
(cm)		 变异系数
CV
(%)
阳光98 Yangguang 98 255.30c 2.57 269.00d 2.11 105.42b 120.60b 2.42 128.20b 2.62 106.38ab
阳光99 Yangguang 99 249.10de 2.70 261.70e 1.05 105.14b 106.30de 5.32 117.10e 2.83 110.43ab
豫丰3358 Yufeng 3358 252.90cd 3.57 267.90d 0.87 106.06ab 109.40d 4.54 118.70e 4.80 108.57ab
漯玉336 Luoyu 336 238.00f 1.87 254.10f 1.38 106.81ab 109.50d 3.17 117.00e 2.82 106.98ab
漯玉16 Luoyu 16 243.50ef 2.38 253.70f 1.58 104.21b 116.20c 4.88 122.90d 2.12 106.01ab
漯青19 Luoqing 19 276.70a 2.57 291.70a 1.05 105.50ab 121.50ab 2.89 127.50bc 1.93 105.03b
漯玉172 Luoyu 172 258.50c 1.51 275.90c 1.41 106.74ab 125.20a 3.26 132.20a 3.53 105.74b
漯玉171 Luoyu 171 246.90de 2.64 267.70d 1.95 108.45a 109.80d 4.33 118.80e 3.52 108.34ab
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 245.40e 2.95 262.90e 1.76 107.22ab 115.60c 4.53 124.40cd 3.41 107.88ab
先玉335 Xianyu 335 269.90b 1.70 285.70b 1.45 105.88ab 103.80e 4.95 115.80e 2.72 111.76a

Table 4

Ear length, ear diameter and theirs high temperature tolerance coefficients of different maize varieties under normal and high temperature treatments"

品种
Variety		 穗长Ear length 穗粗Ear diameter
CK HT 耐高温系数
Heat resistance
coefficient
(%)		 CK HT 耐高温系数
Heat resistance
coefficient
(%)
平均值
Mean
(cm)		 变异系数
CV
(%)		 平均值
Mean
(cm)		 变异系数
CV
(%)		 平均值
Mean
(cm)		 变异系数
CV
(%)		 平均值
Mean
(cm)		 变异系数
CV
(%)
阳光98 Yangguang 98 16.83bc 1.50 13.63b 3.32 80.95b 4.50b 0.00 3.94c 2.33 87.51b
阳光99 Yangguang 99 16.40cd 3.17 10.88c 3.04 66.31cd 4.47b 1.29 3.62de 1.04 80.94d
豫丰3358 Yufeng 3358 17.32b 2.15 13.77b 2.64 79.50b 4.35c 1.95 3.85c 1.63 88.36b
漯玉336 Luoyu 336 16.47cd 1.26 14.83a 1.16 90.05a 4.58b 1.26 4.29a 1.05 93.53a
漯玉16 Luoyu 16 16.28cd 3.11 14.13ab 0.92 86.80a 4.70a 1.06 4.16b 1.14 88.44b
漯青19 Luoqing 19 14.68e 1.68 10.26c 3.48 69.91c 4.70a 0.00 3.95c 1.77 84.14c
漯玉172 Luoyu 172 15.87d 4.86 8.79d 8.88 55.38f 4.57b 1.67 3.52e 1.67 77.01e
漯玉171 Luoyu 171 19.05a 1.20 9.29d 5.91 48.74g 4.55b 1.10 3.51e 1.40 77.22e
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 16.27cd 0.94 10.60c 2.50 65.18d 4.50b 1.11 3.64d 0.88 80.82d
先玉335 Xianyu 335 17.05bc 1.34 10.29c 3.67 60.34e 4.57b 1.26 3.72d 2.17 81.55d

Table 5

Row number per spike, grain number per row, grain number per ear and their high temperature tolerance coefficients of different maize varieties under normal and high temperature treatments"

品种
Variety		 穗行数Row number per ear 行粒数Grain number per row 穗粒数Grain number per ear
CK HT 耐高温系数
Heat resistance coefficient (%)		 CK HT 耐高温系数
Heat resistance coefficient (%)		 CK HT 耐高温系数
Heat resistance coefficient (%)
平均值
Mean		 变异系数CV (%) 平均值
Mean		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值
 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值
Mean		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值
Mean		 变异系数CV (%) 平均值
Mean		 变异系数CV (%)
阳光98 Yangguang 98 14.80d 6.85 12.93cd 7.99 87.39bc 37.13a 12.16 31.60ab 15.81 84.95b 521.73a 6.20 373.13b 12.07 71.52c
阳光99 Yangguang 99 15.87bc 8.87 12.53cde 9.47 78.97d 34.73bcd 13.52 19.67e 18.60 55.78e 484.13c 7.08 202.13f 8.37 41.75g
豫丰3358 Yufeng 3358 14.53d 6.30 13.07bc 7.90 89.91b 32.67d 15.93 25.20c 19.04 73.19c 480.47c 6.76 299.33c 13.06 62.29d
漯玉336 Luoyu 336 14.67d 6.65 13.60ab 6.09 92.74a 36.47abc 10.18 33.20a 12.64 90.57a 514.73ab 5.99 452.53a 8.87 87.93a
漯玉16 Luoyu 16 15.87bc 8.87 13.87a 3.72 87.41bc 34.33cd 11.37 30.53b 12.06 90.15a 507.00ab 5.52 376.13b 8.62 74.19b
漯青19 Luoqing 19 16.80a 6.04 14.00a 12.07 83.33d 32.87d 18.11 23.47d 23.00 70.42cd 479.80c 9.17 257.80d 18.28 53.77e
漯玉172 Luoyu 172 16.13b 5.67 11.87fg 13.46 73.61g 35.87abc 13.53 15.93f 26.78 44.53f 477.40c 4.17 107.33h 42.89 22.50i
漯玉171 Luoyu 171 15.00d 6.67 11.33g 14.41 75.57ef 36.20abc 11.78 11.60g 33.04 32.21g 473.40c 10.07 86.20i 49.51 18.20j
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 15.60c 5.31 12.00ef 8.91 76.92e 33.40d 10.84 22.20d 15.72 65.94d 493.53bc 6.08 222.67e 10.22 45.14f
先玉335 Xianyu 335 15.87bc 3.25 12.40def 10.91 78.16d 36.87ab 14.13 18.00e 20.89 49.13f 520.27a 7.91 171.80g 17.75 33.01h

Table 6

Grain weight per ear, fertility rate, theoretical yield and their high temperature tolerance coefficients of different maize varieties under normal and high temperature treatments"

品种
Variety		 穗粒重Grain weight per ear 可育率Fertility rate 理论产量Theoretical yield (kg/hm2)
CK HT 耐高温系数Heat resistance coefficient (%) CK HT 耐高温系数
Heat resistance coefficient (%)		 CK HT 耐高温系数
Heat resistance coefficient (%)
平均值
Mean (g)		 变异系数CV (%) 平均值
Mean (g)		 变异系数CV (%) 平均值
Mean (g)		 变异系数CV (%) 平均值
Mean (g)		 变异系数CV (%)
阳光98 Yangguang 98 149.02ab 6.30 87.20c 11.51 58.52c 100.00a 0.00 96.74a 1.12 96.74ab 10 058.50abc 5 693.10c 56.60c
阳光99 Yangguang 99 141.06bc 6.87 58.87f 10.57 41.76f 98.60ab 1.23 93.07b 1.15 94.40bc 9 393.10cde 3 699.80f 39.43e
豫丰3358 Yufeng 3358 141.16bc 4.36 73.72d 12.31 52.21d 100.00a 0.00 95.94a 2.22 95.94abc 9 528.30bcd 4 774.10d 50.09d
漯玉336 Luoyu 336 149.21ab 4.38 107.46a 7.08 72.00a 100.00a 0.00 97.97a 0.06 97.97a 10 071.70ab 7 106.30a 70.54a
漯玉16 Luoyu 16 147.45ab 4.49 97.21b 6.46 65.94b 99.37ab 1.10 97.31a 1.03 97.93a 9 890.30abc 6 385.60b 64.57b
漯青19 Luoqing 19 137.08cd 6.60 63.78e 20.32 46.60e 98.73ab 1.11 83.02d 3.27 84.09d 9 138.50de 3 573.90f 39.21e
漯玉172 Luoyu 172 147.95ab 9.23 45.75g 29.42 30.91g 100.00a 0.00 86.59c 6.20 86.59d 9 986.60abc 2 675.20g 26.78f
漯玉171 Luoyu 171 146.72ab 5.38 35.05h 33.00 23.92h 98.03b 0.06 63.29e 6.40 64.57e 9 707.70abcd 1 497.60h 15.46g
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 132.58d 4.90 77.76d 12.33 58.66c 98.73ab 1.11 92.16b 2.26 93.35c 8 834.80e 4 836.90d 54.75c
先玉335 Xianyu 335 151.53a 7.53 73.79d 17.91 48.72e 100.00a 0.00 86.49c 4.55 86.49d 10 228.10a 4 305.90e 42.12e

Fig.1

Cluster analysis of high temperature tolerance coefficient of theoretical yield of ten maize varieties"

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