Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 144-148.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.06.022

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Effects of Soil Tillage and Fertilization on Root Microstructure and Yield in Maize

Zhang Shaoyun1,Li Xiangling1,Liu Pan1,Zhang Yue2,Zhai Dashuai1,Yin Baozhong3   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
    2 Cangzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
    3 College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
  • Received:2018-04-18 Revised:2018-06-23 Online:2018-12-15 Published:2018-12-06

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Abstract:

In the summer maize season of 2016, Xianyu 335 was used as the test material at the Xinji experimental station, Hebei Agricultural University. The characteristics of soil microorganisms and root microstructure were studied in treatments of subsoiling and applying fertilizer (SAF), Subsoiling seeding and layer fertilizer I (SLF1), subsoiling and layer fertilizer II (SLF2) and no-tillage sowing and fertilization (CK) at seedling stage, jointing stage and tasseling stage and filling stage. The results showed that: Compared with CK, SLF and SAF could increase the number of root canal and reduce the proportion of the medullary cavity to the middle column. The yields of maize treated by SAF, SLF1 and SLF2 were significantly higher than those of CK treatment, which increased by 7.4%, 6.9% and 13.9%, respectively. Therefore, SLF2 could increase the grain yield of maize.

Key words: Summer maize, Subsoiling and applying fertilizer, Root system, Microstructure

Fig.1

Root microstructure (stele) of summer maize at different stages A. No-tillage seeding, B. Subsoiling and applying fertilizer, C. Subsoiling and layer fertilizer (N fertilizer on the upper layer), D. Subsoiling and layer fertilizer (slow-controlled release in N fertilizer on the upper layer); 0. Seedling stage, 1. Jointing stage, 2. Tasseling stage, 3. Filling stage; a. Vessel, b. Pulp cavity, c. Stele"

Table 1

Comparison of root microstructure of summer maize under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 中柱直径Stele diameter (μm) 髓腔占中柱面积比例Proportion of pith by stele area (%) 导管直径Vessel diameter (μm)
苗期
Seedling		 拔节期
Jointing		 抽雄期
Tasseling		 灌浆期
Filling		 苗期
Seedling		 拔节期
Jointing		 抽雄期
Tasseling		 灌浆期
Filling		 苗期
Seedling		 拔节期
Jointing		 抽雄期
Tasseling		 灌浆期
Filling
CK 41.7c 97.7b 98.0c 104.7b 13.3d 71.7ab 69.3a 67.7b 6.7b 9.7b 6.7c 9.3b
SAF 50.0a 101.0a 102.0b 106.0a 15.7b 74.7a 65.3b 73.7a 6.3c 9.0c 6.7c 8.0d
SLF1 47.4b 103.7a 105.3b 107.3a 14.0c 75.0a 71.3a 57.3d 11.3a 8.6d 10.6a 8.6c
SLF2 47.3b 74.7c 114.0a 101.3b 16.7a 69.7b 66.6b 60.7c 11.0a 11.0a 8.6b 10.3a

Table 2

The number of soil fungi and bacteria in different periods under different treatments ×103CFU/g"

种类
Kind		 处理
Treatment		 土层Soil depth 0~15cm
土层Soil depth 15~30cm
播前
Before seeding		 苗期
Seedling		 拔节期
Jointing		 抽雄期
Tasseling		 灌浆期
Filling		 播前
Before seeding		 苗期
Seedling		 拔节期
Jointing		 抽雄期
Tasseling		 灌浆期
Filling
真菌 CK 1.5a 2.3c 5.7b 2.0c 1.7c 0.6a 1.3b 5.0a 3.0b 2.3b
Fungi SAF 1.4a 1.7d 4.3c 3.0b 4.0b 0.7a 2.0a 3.7c 2.0c 3.0a
SLF1 1.6a 3.0b 3.0d 4.7a 5.3a 0.5a 2.3a 4.3b 1.7d 2.0b
SLF2 1.7a 4.7a 6.0a 2.0c 0.3d 0.7a 1.0b 1.0d 5.3a 3.0a
细菌 CK 2.7a 8.7a 5.3c 17.0b 4.3c 0.9a 2.0c 4.0d 24.7a 3.3c
Bacteria SAF 2.6a 4.0d 6.7b 21.0a 11.7a 1.0a 2.0c 8.7a 9.3c 3.0c
SLF1 2.7a 7.7b 2.7d 8.0d 6.7b 0.9a 2.3b 5.0c 9.3c 8.3b
SLF2 2.6a 6.0c 14.7a 15.0c 4.3c 1.0a 3.7a 6.3b 10.0b 11.0a

Table 3

Yield component of corn in different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 穗长(cm)
Ear length		 穗粗(cm)
Ear diameter		 穗数(×104/hm2)
Ear number		 穗粒数
Kernels per ear		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield
CK 19.3b 15.7a 6.0a 480.1c 301.2b 8 676.0c
SAF 20.1a 16.1a 6.0a 495.6b 313.6a 9 325.5b
SLF1 20.1a 16.0a 6.0a 505.1b 306.1b 9 276.0b
SLF2 20.2a 16.1a 6.0a 520.1a 316.9a 9 889.5a
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