Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 207-213.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.02.030

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Different Curing Methods on Chemical Components and Aroma Quality of Sichuan Cigar Wrapper and Local Filler

Rong Shibin1(), Qin Yanqing2, Zhao Yuanyuan1, Li Jingjing1, Wang Jun3, Zhou Jun4, Liu Deshui4, Zhang Ruina3, Zeng Yang3, Tan Shu3, Yan Jie3, Shi Hongzhi1()   

  1. 1College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/Center for Tobacco Agricultural Harm Reduction Research, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Sichuan Institute of Tobacco Science, Chengdu 600041,Sichuan, China
    3Deyang Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company, Deyang 618400, Sichuan, China
    4Beijing Cigarette Factory of Shanghai Tobacco (Group) Corporation, Beijing 100024, China
  • Received:2021-08-27 Revised:2022-07-23 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-11

RichHTML

5

PDF (PC)

205

Abstract:

This experiment explored the effects of different curing methods of tobacco on the chemical composition and aroma quality of two cigar tobacco leaves. The traditional cigar filler varieties Shiyan No.1 and the local main planted wrapper variety Dexue No.3 were used as materials for three curing methods of air-cured, sun-cured and flue-cured. The content of conventional chemical composition, neutral aroma composition, TSNAs and sensory quality of the samples after curing were measured. The results showed that, the total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen and protein content of the two cigar tobacco leaves were higher under the flue-cured conditions, but significantly decreased after air-cured and sun-cured. Cigar filler leaves had the highest content of neutral aroma components after sun-cured, which was 877.87μg/g, while cigar wrapper leaves had the highest content after air-cured, which was 1020.40μg/g. Both of the two types cigar tobacco leaves had the lowest neutral aroma components after flue-cured. Both the filler and wrapper tobacco leaves had the highest TSNAs content after air-cured, which were 2058.29 and 2044.75ng/g, respectively. Flue-cured could significantly reduce the TSNAs content of the two types of cigar tobacco leaves. The contents of alkaloids in cigar filler and wrapper leaves were significantly reduced after sun-cured, and was the lowest after air-cured. The reduction of alkaloids was small after flue-cured. The nitrate and nitrite contents of the two cigar tobacco leaves were the lowest after flue-cured. The results of sensory taste showed that the quality of cigar filler leaves with the way of sun-cured was the best, while air-cured was more suitable for wrapper tobacco. Under sun-dried condition, the cigar filler leaves had coordinated chemical components, excellent aroma components, and good sensory taste, which was beneficial to achieve the goal of high quality and low harm. The wrapper tobacco leaves had a strong aroma under air-cured conditions, and the smoking quality was better.

Key words: Curing methods, Cigar filler, Cigar wrapper, Tobacco leaf quality, TSNAs

Table 1

Cigar sensory quality score weight"

指标
Index		 劲头
Strength		 香气质
Aroma quality		 香气量
Aroma quantity		 浓度
Concentration		 杂气
Odor		 甜度
Sweetness		 刺激性
Irritation		 余味
Aftertaste		 灰色
Ash color
权重Weight 0.1 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Table 2

Effects of different curing methods on physical properties of cigar tobacco leaves"

品种
Variety		 调制方式
Curing method		 单叶重
Single leaf weight (g)		 含梗率
Stem ratio (%)		 叶质重
Quality weight (mg/cm2)		 厚度
Thickness (μm)		 拉力
Tension (N)
茄芯Cigar filler 晾制 8.74b 30.25a 51.62b 43.56b 1.16c
晒制 9.06b 29.92ab 52.87b 43.81b 1.20b
烤制 9.63a 28.15b 54.36a 44.89a 1.25a
茄衣Cigar wrapper 晾制 7.92ab 31.59b 46.20b 33.12b 1.05b
晒制 7.66c 32.13a 45.65b 32.36b 0.98c
烤制 8.25a 30.05c 48.87a 35.65a 1.23a

Table 3

The contents of conventional chemical components in cigar tobacco leaves with different curing methods %"

品种
Variety		 调制方式Curing
methods		 还原糖Reducing
sugar		 总糖Total
sugar		 总氮
Total
nitrogen		 蛋白质Protein
茄芯
Cigar filler		 晾制 1.32c 2.43c 5.21b 3.13b
晒制 1.49b 2.97a 5.26b 3.07b
烤制 2.35a 3.48b 6.51a 4.06a
茄衣
Cigar wrapper		 晾制 1.17b 3.68b 4.87b 2.45c
晒制 1.01c 3.14c 4.67b 2.84b
烤制 1.94a 3.98a 5.67a 4.06a

Table 4

Alkaloid, nitrate and nitrite contents of cigar leaves with different curing methods"

品种
Variety		 调制方式
Curing
methods		 烟碱
Nicotine
(%)		 降烟碱
Nornicotine
(%)		 假木贼碱
Pseudoequiine
(%)		 新烟草碱
Neonicotine
(%)		 生物碱总量
Total alkaloids
(%)		 硝酸盐
Nitrate
(μg/g)		 亚硝酸盐
Nitrite
(μg/g)
茄芯Cigar filler 晾制 3.63c 1.36 0.02 0.11 5.12b 1670.88a 89.16a
晒制 3.94b 1.01 0.03 0.16 5.14b 1583.86b 45.41b
烤制 5.39a 0.67 0.02 0.16 6.24a 1234.65c 29.34c
茄衣Cigar wrapper 晾制 3.37b 1.05 0.01 0.01 4.44c 1526.89b 57.36b
晒制 3.99c 1.39 0.03 0.02 5.40b 1757.91a 84.53a
烤制 5.72a 0.58 0.01 0.06 6.37a 1024.32c 21.45c

Table 5

TSNAs contents in cigar leaves of different curing methods ng/g"

品种Variety 调制方式Curing method NNN NAT NAB NNK TSNAs
茄芯Cigar filler 晾制 1125.49a 849.50a 23.30a 61.00b 2058.29a
晒制 1095.38b 760.00a 27.55a 107.50a 1990.05b
烤制 813.50c 188.30b 4.76b 41.95c 1048.71c
茄衣Cigar wrapper 晾制 1450.96a 475.68a 34.70a 85.05a 2044.75a
晒制 1360.63b 316.23b 14.10b 78.95a 1769.91b
烤制 261.53c 195.01c 4.65c 50.65b 511.80c

Table 6

Content of neutral aroma components in cigar leaves of different curing methods μg/g"

品种
Variety		 中性香气成分
Neutral fragrance
ingredient		 调制方式
Curing method		 品种
Variety		 中性香气成分
Neutral fragrance
ingredient		 调制方式
Curing method
晾制
Air-cured		 晒制
Sun-cured		 烤制
Flue-cured		 晾制
Air-cured		 晒制
Sun-cured		 烤制
Flue-cured
茄芯
Cigar
filler		 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇 3.40 2.19 1.07 茄衣
Cigar
wrapper		 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇 1.73 1.60 1.62
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 1.63 0.71 1.58 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 1.47 0.44 0.54
愈创木酚 0.44 2.29 0.65 愈创木酚 3.07 0.90 2.53
芳樟醇 4.10 1.91 1.10 芳樟醇 1.89 1.84 2.02
β-大马酮 18.00 23.76 7.19 β-大马酮 17.35 21.88 16.35
β-二氢大马酮 8.07 15.88 5.64 β-二氢大马酮 12.26 15.71 3.89
异佛尔酮 0.98 0.34 0.14 异佛尔酮 0.40 0.44 0.17
氧化异佛尔酮 0.60 0.45 0.24 氧化异佛尔酮 0.40 0.49 0.26
香叶基丙酮 4.70 4.04 1.68 香叶基丙酮 3.16 3.21 3.94
二氢猕猴桃内酯 6.28 5.31 3.53 二氢猕猴桃内酯 6.12 8.13 2.70
巨豆三烯酮1 2.42 2.25 1.09 巨豆三烯酮1 1.61 2.31 0.62
巨豆三烯酮2 11.80 11.51 5.88 巨豆三烯酮2 8.27 13.83 2.88
巨豆三烯酮3 1.59 0.94 0.73 巨豆三烯酮3 3.49 0.21 0.59
3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮 3.58 3.66 3.60 3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮 － － 1.06
巨豆三烯酮4 11.57 11.93 6.23 巨豆三烯酮4 9.34 14.42 3.59
螺岩兰草酮 1.59 0.71 0.23 螺岩兰草酮 2.41 0.50 0.68
法尼基丙酮 23.26 7.89 6.17 法尼基丙酮 8.68 12.69 6.92
藏花醛 0.21 0.66 0.20 藏花醛 0.53 0.32 0.46
β-环柠檬醛 1.08 1.19 0.55 β-环柠檬醛 1.01 0.48 1.16
类胡萝卜素降解产物总量 105.32a 97.63a 47.50b 类胡萝卜素降解产物总量 83.18b 99.39a 52.00c
苯甲醛 1.50 1.85 苯甲醛 2.95 3.11 0.77
苯乙醛 14.15 36.87 22.78 苯乙醛 32.02 25.31 2.72
苯甲醇 7.72 10.25 7.56 苯甲醇 18.54 9.66 0.67
苯乙醇 9.14 7.49 4.14 苯乙醇 16.27 11.41 0.57
芳香族氨基酸降解产物总量 32.51c 54.62a 36.32b 芳香族氨基酸降解产物总量 69.78a 49.49b 4.73c
糠醛 21.43 26.87 6.06 糠醛 25.15 10.86 11.62
糠醇 2.98 2.96 3.11 糠醇 4.92 3.67 1.02
2-乙酰基呋喃 0.04 0.56 0.19 2-乙酰基呋喃 0.38 0.23 0.06
2-乙酰基吡咯 0.65 0.78 0.34 2-乙酰基吡咯 1.13 0.37 －
3,4-二甲基-2,5-呋喃二酮 4.68 0.74 0.44 3,4-二甲基-2,5-呋喃二酮 1.53 1.96 0.48
5-甲基糠醛 3.74 2.17 1.72 5-甲基糠醛 3.09 2.67 1.09
品种
Variety		 中性香气成分
Neutral fragrance
ingredient		 调制方式
Curing method		 品种
Variety		 中性香气成分
Neutral fragrance
ingredient		 调制方式
Curing method
晾制
Air-cured		 晒制
Sun-cured		 烤制
Flue-cured		 晾制
Air-cured		 晒制
Sun-cured		 烤制
Flue-cured
茄芯
Cigar
filler		 2,6-壬二烯酮 0.87 1.89 1.41 茄衣
Cigar
wrapper		 2,6-壬二烯酮 1.40 1.03 0.53
棕色化反应产物总量 34.38a 35.98a 13.27b 棕色化反应产物总量 37.59a 20.79b 14.79c
茄酮 107.46 62.11 39.09 茄酮 62.34 61.40 27.71
新植二烯 330.73 627.53 293.15 新植二烯 767.51 500.60 487.32
除新植二烯外其他香气成分总量 279.67 250.34 136.18 除新植二烯外其他香气成分总量 252.89 231.08 99.23
中性香气成分总量 610.39b 877.87a 429.33c 中性香气成分总量 1020.40a 731.68b 586.54c

Table 7

Cigar leaf sensory quality of different curing methods"

品种
Variety		 调制方式
Curing
method		 劲头
Strength		 香气质
Aroma quality		 香气量
Aroma quantity		 浓度
Concentration		 杂气
Odor		 甜度
Sweetness		 刺激性
Irritation		 余味
Aftertaste		 灰色
Ash color		 总分
Total score
9-0
茄芯Cigar filler 晾制 6.0 6.8 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.46
晒制 6.6 6.5 7.2 6.5 6.3 6.5 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.51
烤制 5.0 6.5 7.0 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.0 5.5 6.23
茄衣Cigar wrapper 晾制 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.2 6.0 4.0 6.0 5.8 6.7 6.00
晒制 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.2 5.8 4.0 6.0 5.5 6.2 5.82
烤制 5.8 5.8 6.3 6.2 5.6 4.2 6.2 5.5 6.1 5.78

Table 8

Cigar leaf appearance quality and grade structure after different curing methods"

品种
Variety		 调制方式
Curing
method		 身份
Identity		 颜色
Colour		 油份
Oil
content		 叶片结构
Blade
structure		 中部一级
Middle
level I (%)		 中部二级
Middle
level II (%)		 中部三级
Middle
level III (%)		 均价（元/kg）
Average price
(yuan/kg)
茄芯Cigar filler 晾制 稍厚 浅褐色+ 有 尚疏松 34 47 19 23.70a
晒制 适中 深褐色+ 多 疏松 38 50 12 23.27b
烤制 厚 棕黄- 稍有+ 紧密 30 42 28 22.84c
茄衣Cigar wrapper 晾制 薄- 浅褐色- 有 疏松 43 39 18 45.13b
晒制 薄+ 深褐色- 稍有 尚疏松 37 50 23 48.95a
烤制 稍薄 棕黄带浮青 少 较紧密 31 34 35 42.73c
[1] 蔡斌, 耿召良, 高华军, 等. 国产雪茄原料生产技术研究现状. 中国烟草学报, 2019, 25(6):110-119.
[2] 谢剑平, 王元英, 郑新章, 等. 烟草科学与技术发展现状与趋势. 中国烟草学会,2009-2010.
[3] 李晶晶, 史宏志, 杨兴有, 等. 采收时期及调制方式对万源晒烟调制前后氨基酸含量变化的影响. 中国烟草学报, 2018, 24(1):68-76.
[4] 顾会战. 调制温湿度条件对雪茄外包皮烟叶生理变化与理化特性的影响. 郑州:河南农业大学, 2006.
[5] 张广东. 改变调制方式对烟叶化学成分及感官质量的影响. 郑州:河南农业大学, 2015.
[6] 史宏志. 烟草烟碱向降烟碱转化. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013.
[7] 李晶晶. 采收时期、调制方式及发酵条件对万源晒烟品质的影响. 郑州:河南农业大学, 2018.
[8] 卢绍浩, 张嘉雯, 赵喆, 等. 晾制湿度对雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢关键酶活性及品质的影响. 中国烟草学报, 2020, 26(4):26-34.
[9] 宫长荣. 烟草调制学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2003.
[10] 国家烟草专卖局. YC/T 159-2019烟草及烟草制品水溶性糖的测定连续流动法. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2019.
[11] 国家烟草专卖局. YC/T 161-2002烟草及烟草制品总氮的测定连续流动法. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2002.
[12] 国家烟草专卖局. YC/T 249-2008烟草及烟草制品蛋白质的测定连续流动法. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2003.
[13] 洪华俏. 卷烟主流烟气中香气成分的研究. 长沙:湖南农业大学, 2008.
[14] Deroton C, Wiernik A, Wahlberg I, et al. Factors influencing the formation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in French air-cured tobaccos in trials and at the farm leavel. Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International, 2014, 21(6):305-320.
[15] 戴亚, 方力, 陆登梯, 等. 分光光度法测定烟草中的硝酸盐. 中国烟草科学, 2000, 21(2):27-29.
[16] Zhou J, Bai R S, Zhu Y F. Determination of four tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke by gas chromatography/ ion trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2007, 21(24):4086-4092.
pmid: 18008390
[17] 张广东, 孙军伟, 史宏志. 调制对烟草香气物质含量的影响研究进展. 河南农业科学, 2015, 44(1):4-8.
[18] 李宗平, 覃光炯, 陈茂胜, 等. 不同调制方法对烟草烟碱转化及TSNA的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(10):1268-1276.
[19] 杨树勋. 烟叶烘烤原理及技术研究进展. 作物研究, 2018, 32(6):541-544.
[20] 史宏志, 杨兴有, 周开绪, 等. 不同晾房晾制白肋烟中性香气成分含量及感官品质的差异. 华北农学报, 2010, 25(3):113- 117.
doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2010.03.025
[21] 周炎, 史宏志, 季辉华, 等. 中美部分品牌烟草制品TSNA及其前体物的含量和关系. 中国烟草学报, 2022, 28(2):42-49.
[22] 李晶晶, 史宏志, 杨兴有, 等. 发酵条件对雪茄芯叶TSNAs及其前体物含量变化的影响. 中国烟草学报, 2019, 25(6):120- 125.
[23] 荣仕宾, 李晶晶, 赵园园, 等. 雪茄芯叶人工发酵温湿度控制对化学成分和香味品质的影响. 中国烟草学报, 2021, 27(2):109-116.
[1] Li Jin’ao, Zhang Siwei, Liu Boyuan, Zhong Qiu, Qin Yanqing, Zou Yuhang, Zhao Mingqin. Effects of Planting Density on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation Characteristics and Quality of Cigar Tobacco Leaves [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 178-184.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!