Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 16-21.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.02.003

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Investigation on Main Crops and Their By-Products in Guizhou and the Evaluation of Feeding Value

Wei Xingdi1(), Zuo Xiangbing1,*(), Tian Weirong2, Pei Chengjiang1, Zhang Mingjun2, Lu Min3   

  1. 1Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou, China
    2Guizhou Provincial Grassland Technology and Experiment Promoting Station, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou, China
    3Guizhou Sunshine Grass Industry Technology Co., Ltd., Dushan 558200, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2021-07-04 Revised:2021-10-10 Online:2022-04-15 Published:2022-04-24
  • Contact: Zuo Xiangbing E-mail:wxd33ah@qq.com;37044496@qq.com

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Abstract:

In order to fully tap the abundant local crop by-product resources in Guizhou, alleviate the shortage of feeding resources and accelerate the comprehensive utilization of crop by-products. Based on Guizhou Statistical Yearbook (2006-2019) and field survey data, this experiment investigated the by-product resources of main crops (rice, wheat, corn, soybean, sugarcane, peanut, rape, coix and buckwheat) in Guizhou. The conventional nutrient composition, digestible energy and relative feeding value (RFV) of some collected crop by-product samples were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that, among the nine main crop by-products in Guizhou, wheat straw, coix straw and peanut straw had higher crude protein (8.68%, 8.52%, 8.45%), lower acid detergent fiber (46.74%, 40.63%, 37.75%) and neutral detergent fiber (51.74%, 46.37%, 43.16%), with good nutrient contents. The digestible energy of rape straw, peanut straw and coix straw (10.91, 9.25 and 8.91MJ/kg, respectively) were significant higher than the other six common by-products. The RFV of rape straw, peanut straw and straw were significantly higher than that of the other six by-products, and RFV were higher than 100 (148.65, 110.34 and 102.68, respectively). The results showed that rape straw, peanut straw, and coix straw had higher utilization value in Guizhou.

Key words: Guizhou province, Crop by-products, Feeding resource survey, Straw utilization, Nutrient component, Feeding value

Table 1

The ratios of main crop by-products to main products"

项目Item 比值Ratio
稻草产量/稻谷产量Ratio of rice straw yield to rice yield 0.90
小麦秸秆产量/小麦产量Ratio of wheat straw yield to wheat yield 1.10
玉米秸秆产量/玉米产量Ratio of corn straw yield to corn yield 1.20
大豆秸秆产量/大豆产量Ratio of soybean straw yield to soybean yield 1.60
甘蔗渣产量/甘蔗产量Ratio of bagasse yield to sugarcane yield 0.24
花生秸秆产量/花生果产量Ratio of peanut straw yield to peanut fruit yield 0.80
油菜秸秆产量/油菜籽产量Ratio of rape straw yield to rapeseed yield 1.50
薏苡秸秆产量/薏苡产量Ratio of coix straw yield to coix yield 1.50

Table 2

Informations and sources of the main crop by-products in the experiment"

项目Item 品种（系）Variety (line) 采集地点Collection location
稻草Rice straw 中优9801、D优527、Q优6号、内香2550、协优527 遵义市、独山县
小麦秸秆Wheat straw 丰优8号、黔麦18号、贵农19号 兴义市、贵阳市
玉米秸秆Corn straw 金玉818、黔玉3号、安青20175 毕节市、安顺市
大豆秸秆Soybean straw 黔豆6号、黔豆5号、黔豆2号 大方县、长顺县
甘蔗渣Bagasse 黔糖3号、黔糖4号、黔糖5号 兴义市
花生秸秆Peanut straw 黔花2084、湘花2008、黔花生4号 贵阳市
油菜秸秆Rape straw 黔油、油研、卓油 遵义市、黔南州
薏苡秸秆Coix straw 兴仁小白壳、黔薏1号、黔薏2号、黔薏3号、贵薏苡1号 兴仁市、安顺市
荞麦秸秆Buckwheat straw 黔苦5号、黔苦7号、贵甜荞1号、贵黑米16号、六苦4号 毕节市、六盘水市

Table 3

Sowing areas of main crops in Guizhou during 2006-2019 ×104hm2"

年份
Year		 稻谷
Rice		 小麦
Wheat		 玉米
Corn		 大豆
Soybean		 甘蔗
Sugarcane		 花生
Peanut		 油菜
Rape		 薏苡
Coix		 荞麦
Buckwheat
2006 71.646 40.262 73.487 12.925 1.794 4.433 51.291 – –
2007 67.622 24.271 73.120 12.126 1.707 2.504 40.012 – –
2008 69.115 26.244 73.464 12.574 1.763 3.350 41.277 – –
2009 69.824 26.293 75.149 12.663 1.643 3.876 46.688 – –
2010 69.581 26.077 78.114 12.895 1.370 4.081 47.919 – –
2011 68.153 25.762 78.780 13.278 1.198 3.890 48.898 1.870 –
2012 68.295 25.976 77.515 13.382 2.171 4.102 49.696 2.070 3.596
2013 68.445 25.178 77.835 12.817 2.793 4.356 50.672 2.970 4.974
2014 71.413 18.907 103.583 18.087 1.840 5.327 53.997 4.030 5.147
2015 71.107 18.040 103.780 19.485 1.720 5.241 53.225 6.667 4.643
2016 71.425 16.919 104.163 20.966 1.273 5.128 52.001 6.435 5.291
2017 70.050 15.597 100.638 19.465 0.868 5.153 51.612 6.224 4.887
2018 67.178 14.162 60.212 19.890 1.074 5.193 49.769 5.899 6.171
2019 66.472 13.722 53.059 19.182 1.058 5.024 44.569 5.773 4.098
平均Average 69.309 22.672 80.921 15.695 1.591 4.404 48.688 4.660 4.851

Fig.1

The yield of main crops in Guizhou province from 2006 to 2019"

Fig.2

Estimated yields of main crop by-products in Guizhou province from 2006 to 2019"

Table 4

Analysis of conventional nutrient components of main crop by-products %"

样品
Sample		 粗蛋白
Crude protein		 粗脂肪
Crude fat		 粗纤维
Crude fiber		 中性洗涤纤维
NDF		 酸性洗涤纤维
ADF		 粗灰分
Ash		 无氮浸出物
NFE		 Ca P
稻草Rice straw 3.63±0.12c 1.82±0.15f 37.90±0.31ef 44.43±1.18ef 39.90±0.97c 11.43±0.22c 37.24±1.26bc 0.52±0.03ef 0.28±0.02b
小麦秸秆
Wheat straw		 8.68±0.15a 2.23±0.22e 43.74±0.43d 51.74±1.06cd 46.74±0.97b 11.53±0.35bc 26.30±1.28e 0.75±0.06c 0.04±0.01f
玉米秸秆
Corn straw		 7.58±0.19b 2.01±0.22ef 45.47±0.48c 54.47±1.11b 48.40±0.82b 12.11±0.32ab 25.75±1.28e 0.86±0.03b 0.24±0.02b
大豆秸秆
Soybean straw		 8.37±0.22a 3.85±0.18c 48.91±0.40a 57.85±1.08a 51.91±1.28a 11.57±0.28bc 18.14±1.25f 0.42±0.03fg 0.08±0.01ef
甘蔗渣Bagasse 2.52±0.15d 3.35±0.16d 47.58±0.31b 56.71±1.12ab 50.58±0.99a 12.51±0.19a 30.81±1.22d 0.35±0.03g 0.07±0.02f
花生秸秆
Peanut straw		 8.45±0.18a 4.67±0.24b 35.21±0.38g 43.16±1.19f 37.75±0.99d 10.65±0.28d 34.94±1.27c 0.96±0.07a 0.17±0.04c
油菜秸秆
Rape straw		 7.48±0.27b 5.58±0.20a 30.78±0.40h 35.78±1.12g 31.78±0.99f 6.63±0.36f 39.96±1.29a 0.49±0.02e 0.43±0.03a
薏苡秸秆
Coix straw		 8.52±0.26a 3.47±0.20cd 37.48±0.37f 46.37±1.20de 40.63±0.85c 9.33±0.35e 35.85±1.26c 0.64±0.03d 0.16±0.03cd
荞麦秸秆
Buckwheat straw		 3.72±0.16c 1.65±0.22f 38.47±0.48e 48.36±1.09d 41.65±0.93c 10.58±0.31d 38.76±1.28ab 0.83±0.04bc 0.12±0.02de

Table 5

Analysis of nutritional quality of main crop by-products"

样品
Sample		 干物质随意采食量
DMI (%BW)		 可消化干物质
DDM (%)		 总能
Total energy (MJ/kg)		 消化能
Digestive energy (MJ/kg)		 相对饲用价值
RFV
稻草Rice straw 2.70±0.07bc 49.00±0.97c 17.45±0.02h 8.10±0.25c 102.68±4.76bc
小麦秸秆Wheat straw 2.32±0.05e 42.16±0.97e 18.05±0.01e 7.03±0.25d 75.85±3.30e
玉米秸秆Corn straw 2.20±0.05ef 40.50±0.82e 17.90±0.02f 6.62±0.21d 69.20±2.81ef
大豆秸秆Soybean straw 2.07±0.04g 36.99±1.28f 18.58±0.02b 5.92±0.33e 59.52±3.17g
甘蔗渣Bagasse 2.12±0.04fg 38.32±0.99f 17.89±0.02f 6.59±0.26d 62.90±2.87fg
花生秸秆Peanut straw 2.78±0.08b 51.15±0.99b 18.41±0.03d 9.25±0.23b 110.34±5.18b
油菜秸秆Rape straw 3.35±0.11a 57.12±0.99a 19.13±0.01a 10.91±0.24a 148.65±7.23a
薏苡秸秆Coix straw 2.59±0.07cd 48.27±0.85c 18.49±0.01c 8.91±0.21b 96.91±4.22cd
荞麦秸秆Buckwheat straw 2.48±0.06d 47.25±0.93c 17.59±0.02g 8.03±0.22c 90.95±3.84d
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