Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 214-219.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.06.031

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Spatiotemporal Change Characteristics of Rice Growth Climate Resources in Saline-Alkaline Area of Songnen Plain from 1961 to 2019

Jiang Shukun1,2(), Wang Lizhi1,2, Yang Xianli1,2, Zhang Xijuan1,2, Liu Kai1, Chi Liyong1,2, Li Rui1,2, Lai Yongcai1,2()   

  1. 1Northeast Branch of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
    2Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region/Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Cold Damage, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2021-07-28 Revised:2021-09-18 Online:2022-12-15 Published:2022-12-21
  • Contact: Lai Yongcai E-mail:shukunjiang@haas.cn;yame0451@163.com

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Abstract:

The average temperature, accumulated temperature, temperature difference between day and night, precipitation, sunshine hours, and other factors in the Songnen Plain as well as the rice growing season were examined using weather data from 13 meteorological stations in the saline-alkali area of the Songnen Plain from 1960 to 2019. The results showed that, compared with stage Ⅰ (1961-1990), the heat resources of stage Ⅱ (1991-2019) increased, the annual mean temperature increased by 1.1℃, and the annual mean temperature climatic tendency rate ranged from 0.23℃/10a to 0.41℃/10a, with the contour line at 5℃ moving 2.2° to the north. The mean temperature of the coldest month and the hottest month increased by 1.4℃ and 0.7℃, respectively. During the rice growing season, the ≥10℃ accumulative accumulated temperature increased by 248.7℃·d, the accumulated temperature of 3000℃·d moved about 2.6° to the north, and the temperature difference between day and night decreased by 0.6℃. The annual sunshine hours and the growing season sunshine hours decreased by 184.0 and 17.4h, respectively. Taking the Songhua River as the boundary, precipitation in part of Jilin province decreased, while precipitation in part of Heilongjiang province increased. The overall change of agricultural climate resources in this region is characterized by a warm and humid trend, which will inevitably have a certain impact on the production of rice in saline-alkali land in this region.

Key words: Songnen Plain, Saline-alkali land, Rice growing season, Agroclimatic resources, Spatiotemporal variation characteristics

Table 1

Change of annual mean temperature, mean temperature in the coldest month and mean temperature in the hottest month in saline-alkaline area of Songnen Plain"

站点
Station		 年均气温
Annual mean
temperature (℃)		 最冷月平均气温
Mean temperature in the
coldest month (℃)		 最热月平均气温
Mean temperature in
the hottest month (℃)
1961-1990 1991-2019 1961-1990 1991-2019 1961-1990 1991-2019
黑龙江龙江Longjiang, Heilongjiang 3.7 4.8 -18.2 -16.7 22.0 22.8
黑龙江富裕Fuyu, Heilongjiang 2.3 3.6 -21.3 -19.3 22.0 23.0
黑龙江齐齐哈尔Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 3.5 4.7 -19.2 -17.9 22.7 23.7
黑龙江泰来Tailai, Heilongjiang 4.5 5.3 -17.4 -16.7 23.3 23.9
黑龙江安达Anda, Heilongjiang 3.5 4.6 -19.8 -18.3 22.8 23.5
吉林白城Baicheng, Jilin 4.7 5.8 -17.0 -15.7 23.2 24.0
吉林大安Daan, Jilin 4.5 5.5 -18.1 -16.8 23.4 24.0
吉林乾安Qian’an, Jilin 5.0 6.2 -16.9 -15.4 23.5 24.2
吉林前郭Qianguo, Jilin 5.0 6.1 -17.1 -15.8 23.5 24.1
黑龙江肇州Zhaozhou, Heilongjiang 3.9 5.0 -19.2 -17.7 22.9 23.5
吉林通榆Tongyu, Jilin 5.3 6.3 -16.1 -15.1 23.7 24.5
吉林长岭Changling, Jilin 3.5 4.7 -19.2 -17.9 23.2 24.0
吉林扶余Fuyu, Jilin 4.1 5.0 -18.4 -17.3 22.5 23.2

Table 2

Change of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and day and night temperature difference in saline-alkaline area of Songnen Plain"

站点
Station		 ≥10℃活动积温
≥10℃ accumulated temperature (℃·d)		 昼夜温差
Day and night temperature difference (℃)
1961-1990 1991-2019 1961-1990 1991-2019
黑龙江龙江Longjiang, Heilongjiang 2683.2 2943.2 12.1 11.3
黑龙江富裕Fuyu, Heilongjiang 2585.7 2849.2 12.0 11.1
黑龙江齐齐哈尔Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 2723.1 3001.8 11.3 10.5
黑龙江泰来Tailai, Heilongjiang 2868.1 3108.8 11.8 11.3
黑龙江安达Anda, Heilongjiang 2754.7 2985.0 11.7 11.1
吉林白城Baicheng, Jilin 2909.0 3159.8 12.6 12.2
吉林大安Daan, Jilin 2914.2 3151.3 11.4 10.8
吉林乾安Qian’an, Jilin 2974.1 3240.2 11.6 10.8
吉林前郭Qianguo, Jilin 2944.1 3219.5 11.1 10.6
黑龙江肇州Zhaozhou, Heilongjiang 2816.2 3054.5 11.7 11.2
吉林通榆Tongyu, Jilin 3025.7 3256.8 12.1 11.8
吉林长岭Changling, Jilin 2964.2 3216.5 11.3 10.8
吉林扶余Fuyu, Jilin 2803.1 3012.1 11.5 11.0

Table 3

Change of annual sunshine hours and sunshine hours in growth season in saline-alkaline area of Songnen Plain h"

站点
Station		 年日照时数Annual sunshine hours 生长季内日照时数Growth season sunshine hours
1961-1990 1991-2019 1961-1990 1991-2019
黑龙江龙江Longjiang, Heilongjiang 2848.2 2720.0 1186.2 1237.5
黑龙江富裕Fuyu, Heilongjiang 2727.3 2549.7 1164.6 1139.5
黑龙江齐齐哈尔Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 2848.2 2720.0 1272.4 1301.9
黑龙江泰来Tailai, Heilongjiang 2908.8 2725.1 1324.2 1318.1
黑龙江安达Anda, Heilongjiang 2808.4 2578.7 1259.3 1207.4
吉林白城Baicheng, Jilin 2942.4 2825.3 1331.4 1307.3
吉林大安Daan, Jilin 3002.9 2815.1 1376.2 1377.4
吉林乾安Qian’an, Jilin 2863.6 2635.3 1331.0 1291.3
吉林前郭Qianguo, Jilin 2778.8 2649.8 1292.1 1320.5
黑龙江肇州Zhaozhou, Heilongjiang 2861.9 2890.1 1275.5 1332.3
吉林通榆Tongyu, Jilin 2903.2 2690.9 1362.4 1311.1
吉林长岭Changling, Jilin 2856.2 2590.9 1319.3 1260.7
吉林扶余Fuyu, Jilin 2778.2 2345.6 1256.0 1118.7

Table 4

Change of annual precipitation and precipitation in growth season in saline-alkaline area of Songnen Plain mm"

站点
Station		 年降水量Annual precipitation 生长季内降水量Growth precipitation
1961-1990 1991-2019 1961-1990 1991-2019
黑龙江龙江Longjiang, Heilongjiang 439.2 472.6 390.0 423.4
黑龙江富裕Fuyu, Heilongjiang 420.5 458.8 363.5 390.7
黑龙江齐齐哈尔Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 420.0 440.7 350.9 377.2
黑龙江泰来Tailai, Heilongjiang 385.2 403.0 332.9 355.0
黑龙江安达Anda, Heilongjiang 421.1 456.3 364.0 398.5
吉林白城Baicheng, Jilin 403.0 370.9 359.9 326.8
吉林大安Daan, Jilin 413.4 432.6 360.8 382.1
吉林乾安Qian’an, Jilin 419.2 409.4 367.8 361.6
吉林前郭Qianguo, Jilin 435.2 434.1 376.6 375.2
黑龙江肇州Zhaozhou, Heilongjiang 456.5 452.8 396.1 394.6
吉林通榆Tongyu, Jilin 406.0 357.4 360.4 315.9
吉林长岭Changling, Jilin 450.8 417.9 390.5 357.7
吉林扶余Fuyu, Jilin 509.3 521.2 428.7 432.9
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