Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 76-83.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.01.011

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Effects of Drying Temperature on Nitrogen Transformation Mechanism of Cigar Tobacco during Discoloration Period

Jin Mingke1(), Chen Yongwei1, Wu Yongbing1, Yang Weili2, He Zhengchuan2, Zhao Mingqin1()   

  1. 1College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Physiological and Biochemical Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Dazhou Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2021-11-02 Revised:2022-05-16 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-02-22

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Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of drying temperature conditions on the nitrogen transformation mechanism of cigar tobacco leaves during discoloration period, taking Chuanxue No.1 as the test material, four temperature treatments（23°C, 25°C, 27°C and 29°C）were set, and the contents of main nitrogen compounds and the activities of key enzymes for nitrogen conversion in tobacco leaves were determined and analyzed. The results showed that, the activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in tobacco leaves increased first and then decreased with the increase of drying temperature during discoloration period. The enzyme activities of tobacco leaves treated at 23°C and 29°C were significantly decreased. With the increase of the drying temperature, the contents of nitrate and nitrite in each treatment showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, the contents of ammonia and total volatile alkali decreased significantly, and the protein content increased significantly, the contents of NH4+-N and amino acids in tobacco leaves treated at 27°C were significantly increased, and the content of nitrite was significantly decreased. The correlation analysis of ammonia conversion products in tobacco leaves showed that the ammonia content of each treatment had a significant negative correlation with total volatile alkali, total nitrogen and protein while having no significant correlation with NH4+-N and amino acid content. When the temperature in discoloration period was controlled at 27°C, the chemical components in tobacco leaves were more coordinated, and the physical properties and sensory quality of tobacco leaves were the best, and the treatment with 25°C took the second place. To sum up, suitable drying temperature conditions during discoloration period are beneficial to improve the quality of cigar tobacco leaves.

Key words: Cigar tobacco leaves, Drying temperature, Discoloration period, Ammonia, Nitrogen conversion

Table 1

Variation of moisture contents of tobacco leaves under different drying temperatures during discoloration period %"

处理
Treatment		 鲜烟叶
Fresh tobacco leaf		 凋萎期
Withering period		 变色期
Discoloration period		 干筋期
Dry gluten period
0d 3d 6d 9d 12d 15d 18d 23d
C1 89.03±0.84a 83.38±2.03a 81.19±1.21a 73.73±1.37a 62.36±0.93a 51.39±0.07a 41.89±5.50a 26.63±2.95a
C2 88.75±0.99a 82.88±1.63a 79.36±1.50ab 65.83±2.47b 53.55±2.42b 41.93±1.60b 35.78±1.15b 23.37±2.16a
C3 88.87±1.06a 82.57±0.75a 73.73±0.70bc 56.67±0.98c 44.92±0.41c 33.65±2.54c 27.78±1.32c 18.70±0.85b
C4 88.85±1.03a 83.13±1.77a 69.66±4.11c 51.83±1.10d 39.13±1.37d 28.81±0.38d 21.77±1.58d 15.09±0.32c

Fig.1

Changes of main nitrogen compounds in tobacco leaves under different drying temperatures during discoloration period Different letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.2

The activities of NR and NiR under different drying temperatures during discoloration period"

Table 2

Correlation between nitrogen invertase and main nitrogen-containing compounds at different drying temperatures during discoloration period"

酶
Enzyme		 处理
Treatment		 硝酸盐
Nitrate		 亚硝酸盐
Nitrite		 氨
Ammonia		 NH4+-N 总挥发碱
Total volatile alkali		 总氮
Total nitrogen		 蛋白质
Protein		 氨基酸
Amino acid
NR C1 -0.739* -0.884** -0.867** -0.569 0.947** 0.925** 0.982** -0.541
C2 -0.704 -0.878** -0.903** -0.497 0.989** 0.959** 0.964** -0.529
C3 -0.696 -0.866** -0.861** -0.587 0.987** 0.981** 0.970** -0.591
C4 -0.769* -0.894** -0.757* -0.562 0.970** 0.949** 0.976** -0.607
NiR C1 0.762* 0.789* 0.202 0.962** -0.333 -0.260 -0.622 0.931**
C2 0.638 0.801* 0.191 0.968** -0.443 -0.363 -0.663 0.945**
C3 0.775* 0.819* 0.174 0.963** -0.525 -0.488 -0.701 0.933**
C4 0.822* 0.798* 0.080 0.942** -0.501 -0.547 -0.694 0.931**

Table 3

Correlation between moisture content and main nitrogen compounds in tobacco leaves under different drying temperatures during discoloration period"

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 硝酸盐
Nitrate		 亚硝酸盐
Nitrite		 氨
Ammonia		 NH4+-N 总挥发碱
Total volatile alkali		 总氮
Total nitrogen		 蛋白质
Protein		 氨基酸
Amino acid
含水率
Moisture content		 C1 -0.608 -0.721* -0.991** -0.187 0.974** 0.974** 0.825* -0.223
C2 -0.724* -0.809* -0.977** -0.328 0.980** 0.966** 0.887** -0.380
C3 -0.725* -0.841** -0.945** -0.466 0.986** 0.996** 0.913** -0.506
C4 -0.763* -0.874** -0.913** -0.381 0.988** 0.989** 0.917** -0.490

Table 4

Correlation between ammonia conversion products at different drying temperatures during discoloration period"

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 NH4+-N 总挥发碱
Total volatile alkali		 总氮
Total nitrogen		 蛋白质
Protein		 氨基酸
Amino acid
氨
Ammonia		 C1 0.185 -0.970** -0.963** -0.827* 0.221
C2 0.147 -0.942** -0.945** -0.799* 0.211
C3 0.181 -0.901** -0.930** -0.744* 0.245
C4 0.005 -0.862** -0.868** -0.685 0.147

Table 5

Comparison of physical properties of tobacco leaves under different drying temperatures during discoloration period"

处理
Treatment		 叶质重
Leaf weight (g/m2)		 叶厚
Leaf thickness (μm)		 拉力
Pull (N)		 含梗率
Stem ratio (%)		 平衡含水率
Equilibrium moisture content (%)
C1 22.63c 42.37c 1.27c 20.87a 23.53a
C2 24.26b 47.14b 1.41b 18.34b 22.46b
C3 25.72a 51.96a 1.58a 15.66c 18.13c
C4 22.31c 41.29d 1.12d 15.13c 14.73d

Table 6

Comparison of sensory quality of tobacco leaves under different drying temperatures during discoloration period"

处理
Treatment		 香气质(9.0)
Quality of aroma		 香气量(9.0)
Volume of aroma		 浓度(9.0)
Concentration		 劲头(9.0)
Strength		 刺激性(9.0)
Irritating		 杂气(9.0)
Offensive taste		 余味(9.0)
Aftertaste		 灰色(9.0)
Ash		 燃烧性(9.0)
Combustibility		 总分(81.0)
Total score
C1 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.9 6.0 5.2 5.1 5.2 49.3
C2 6.0 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.5 51.9
C3 6.2 6.4 6.1 5.9 5.5 5.6 6.0 5.7 5.8 53.2
C4 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.7 50.4
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