Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 238-245.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.033

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Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Application on Available Nutrients and Fungal Diversity in Tobacco-Growing Soil

Li Hang1(), Su Mengdi1, Huang Langping1, Ma Xiao2, Wang Huanhuan1, Ao Fei2, Hu Litao2(), Zhang Songtao1()   

  1. 1College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Fengdu Branch of Chongqing, National Tobacco Corporation, Chongqing 408200, China
  • Received:2022-08-01 Revised:2022-08-30 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-16

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Abstract:

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer affect tobacco leaf quality by changing soil nutrients, but the mechanism of its effect on fungal diversity in tobacco-growing soil is unclear. Five treatments were set in the field experiment, CK (no fertilization), NPK, PK, NK and NP. We adopted high-throughput sequencing method and redundancy analysis to analyze the relationships between soil available nutrients and fungal diversity for providing a theoretical basis of regulating fungal diversity through soil available nutrients. The results showed that NPK, PK, NK and NP treatments had different effects on available nutrients and significantly decreased soil pH at 30 and 60d after transplanting. NPK, PK, NK and NP treatments decreased fungal diversity (30d after transplanting) and richness (60d after transplanting). At the phylum level, NPK, PK, NK and NP treatments altered fungal community structure by changing the relative abundances of Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, and Chytridiomycota. At the genus level, NPK, PK, NK and NP treatments increased the relative abundances of Trichoderma and Penicillium at 30d after transplanting (except PK treatment), while decreased the relative abundance of Fusarium at 90d after transplanting. Soil available nutrients and pH had significant effects on fungal community composition, among which available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were the main influencing factors.

Key words: Application of NPK, Tobacco-growing soil, Available nutrients, Fungal diversity

Table 1

Fertilizer dosage for different fertilization treatments kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 硝酸铵
Ammonium nitrate		 重过磷酸钙
Superphosphate		 硫酸钾
Potassium sulfate
NPK 317.14 245.93 749.10
PK 0.00 245.93 749.10
NK 317.14 0.00 749.10
NP 317.14 245.93 0.00
CK 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 2

Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nutrients"

取样时间
Sampling time		 处理
Treatment		 碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolyzable N (mg/kg)		 速效磷
Available P (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K (mg/kg)		 pH
移栽后30d
30d after transplanting		 NPK 130.68±4.23b 52.59±4.73b 418.16±37.31b 4.59±0.03b
PK 139.65±7.09ab 66.75±1.79a 719.64±43.14a 4.92±0.18ab
NK 153.06±14.77a 49.81±2.32b 454.23±42.78b 4.82±0.11ab
NP 142.89±2.50ab 53.09±3.22b 364.05±54.66b 4.75±0.21ab
CK 130.44±3.64b 48.54±2.63b 418.16±36.64b 5.10±0.37a
移栽后60d
60d after transplanting		 NPK 157.82±1.22a 57.39±5.72b 789.20±38.61a 4.61±0.18abc
PK 135.33±11.17b 58.40±7.15ab 766.01±54.66a 4.86±0.09ab
NK 135.94±9.27b 49.30±2.68b 657.79±31.41a 4.53±0.19c
NP 135.04±0.20b 69.02±7.87a 376.93±32.18b 4.57±0.11bc
CK 158.71±9.04a 51.32±4.64b 402.70±30.92b 4.94±0.21a
移栽后90d
90d after transplanting		 NPK 139.76±4.08a 49.80±2.86a 675.82±21.88a 4.88±0.07a
PK 142.04±5.22a 55.37±7.15a 665.52±21.86a 4.93±0.19a
NK 144.89±3.50a 48.09±6.88a 441.35±32.80b 4.90±0.20a
NP 144.06±0.81a 55.87±5.77a 433.62±20.65b 4.93±0.02a
CK 137.30±4.27a 50.06±3.93a 379.51±10.93b 5.09±0.20a

Fig.1

Species accumulation curve"

Table 3

Alpha index of fungal community in different fertilization treatments"

取样时间
Sampling time		 处理
Treatment		 Chao1指数
Chao1 index		 覆盖率
Percentage of coverage		 香农指数
Shannon index		 观察到的物种数
Number of observed species		 辛普森指数
Simpson index
移栽后30d
30d after transplanting		 NPK 786.40±116.68a 0.9970a 4.32±0.20a 639.03±92.41a 0.88±0.04ab
PK 914.06±38.12a 0.9970a 4.84±0.14a 777.23±71.76a 0.88±0.04ab
NK 796.97±36.16a 0.9966a 3.95±0.27b 606.97±67.69a 0.82±0.07b
NP 848.07±183.73a 0.9968a 4.73±0.71a 694.23±160.23a 0.90±0.04ab
CK 826.68±51.42a 0.9972a 5.19±0.83a 694.07±87.61a 0.93±0.04a
移栽后60d
60d after transplanting		 NPK 1014.44±188.14a 0.9958b 4.10±0.29a 790.67±160.36a 0.82±0.05a
PK 777.62±62.94b 0.9970a 3.94±1.01a 635.00±120.79a 0.81±0.10a
NK 889.93±94.58ab 0.9961ab 4.15±0.57a 683.00±43.65a 0.84±0.07a
NP 875.76±148.95ab 0.9965ab 3.95±1.38a 662.70±212.53a 0.80±0.11a
CK 1075.49±33.92a 0.9955b 4.32±0.38a 828.67±6.67a 0.82±0.04a
移栽后90d
90d after transplanting		 NPK 1056.26±98.38a 0.9956b 4.25±0.52a 806.57±115.87a 0.83±0.05a
PK 1130.52±232.34a 0.9965a 5.08±1.43a 953.40±285.68a 0.86±0.09a
NK 999.44±95.38a 0.9961ab 4.00±0.31a 790.97±102.15a 0.79±0.02a
NP 1040.94±143.50a 0.9957ab 4.19±1.32a 810.23±180.68a 0.76±0.19a
CK 1104.55±84.91a 0.9961ab 4.97±0.61a 893.53±73.02a 0.86±0.04a

Fig.2

Venn diagram of effects of different fertilization treatments on soil fungal OTUs"

Fig.3

Relative abundances of the fungal phylum under different treatments (a) and relative abundances of dominant phyla in top four under different treatments (b)"

Fig.4

Relative abundances of the fungal genus under different treatments (a) and relative abundances of dominant fungal genera (Top 1, 2, 3, 6) under different treatments (b)"

Fig.5

Relationship between relative abundance of fungal community at phyluml genus and soil chemical factors by RDA"

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