Crops ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 167-174.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.021

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Photosynthetic Characteristics and Agronomic Traits of Wild and Cultivated Oats during Filling Process

Zhu Lingyu1(), Yang Qiaohui1, Liu Yixun1, Yuan Jian2, Wang Minghua2, Xiang Dabing1, Zou Liang1, Wang Junzhen3(), Fan Yu1()   

  1. 1College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University / Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
    2Xichang Huafujian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China
    3Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Agricultural Science Research Institute, Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2024-10-09 Revised:2024-12-10 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-10

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Abstract:

Using wild oats and cultivated oats as research subjects, an experiment was conducted using wild population materials (Atl-03, Atl-05, Atl-06, Atl-08, Atl-11) and cultivated population materials (ITAO-32, ITAO-36, ITAO-38, ITAO-49, ITAO-50). Photosynthetic parameters including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), as well as agronomic traits such as plant height, panicle length, total tiller number, 1000-grain weight, and mean surface area of seed, were measured at heading stage, early grain-filling stage, late grain-filling stage, and maturity, respectively. The results showed there were significant differences in photosynthetic characteristics between wild oats and cultivated oats. The coefficients of variation of wild oats were higher than those of cultivated oats, but cultivated oats exhibited stronger and more stable photosynthetic performance. Furthermore, significant differences were also observed in agronomic traits between wild oats and cultivated oats. Correlation analysis indicated that net photosynthetic rate, flag leaf area, and SPAD value were all significantly positively correlated with 1000-grain weight. Among the wild populations, Atl-11 exhibited the optimal photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits; among the cultivated populations, ITAO-36 showed the optimal photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits, and both can serve as excellent germplasm resources.

Key words: Wild oat, Cultivated oat, Photosynthetic characteristics, Agronomic traits

Table 1

Analysis of the difference of photosynthetic characteristic parameters of different oat materials"

时期
Stage		 材料
Material		 SPAD值
SPAD value		 旗叶面积
Flag leaf area (mm2)		 Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]		 Gs
[mmol/(m2·s)]		 Pn
[μmol CO2/(m2·s)]		 Ci
(μmol/mol)
抽穗期
Heading		 Atl-03 44.39±2.03c 21.59±0.99e 6.50±0.30de 123.18±5.63e 6.41±0.29e 284.09±12.99d
Atl-05 47.51±1.23bc 27.82±0.72cd 5.95±0.15de 101.82±2.64e 4.56±0.12f 348.02±9.04abc
Atl-06 47.93±1.22bc 25.93±0.66cde 5.37±0.14e 126.62±3.21e 4.96±0.13ef 397.21±10.09a
Atl-08 55.09±0.99ab 29.06±0.52c 11.30±0.20ab 535.23±9.63a 9.63±0.10d 386.78±6.96a
Atl-11 53.19±2.06ab 23.39±0.91de 9.05±0.35c 179.59±6.95d 10.52±0.41cd 303.15±11.74cd
ITAO-32 55.71±1.58a 43.65±1.24a 10.38±0.30b 454.26±12.91b 16.24±0.46a 358.81±10.19ab
ITAO-36 57.14±1.93a 43.31±1.46a 10.15±0.34bc 450.12±15.19b 14.17±0.48b 383.97±12.96a
ITAO-38 54.52±0.94ab 44.44±0.77a 6.93±0.12de 254.19±4.39c 12.04±0.21c 354.52±6.12ab
ITAO-49 54.99±1.85ab 41.25±1.39a 12.43±0.42ab 541.20±18.19a 15.13±0.51ab 367.60±12.36a
ITAO-50 53.73±0.98ab 36.32±0.66b 5.35±0.10e 150.46±2.75de 10.25±0.19d 312.47±5.72bcd
灌浆前期
Early grain-filling		 Atl-03 49.07±2.24c 36.81±1.68cd 6.19±0.28b 108.29±4.95cd 5.48±0.25c 279.32±12.77c
Atl-05 55.13±1.43abc 33.61±0.87d 4.93±0.13c 84.61±2.20e 3.53±0.09d 330.21±8.58b
Atl-06 50.10±1.27bc 26.74±0.68e 3.84±0.10d 123.52±3.14c 3.00±0.08d 394.99±10.03a
Atl-08 63.04±1.13a 27.25±0.49e 5.06±0.09c 106.92±1.92cd 4.89±0.14c 280.37±5.05c
Atl-11 58.04±2.25ab 42.76±1.66bc 7.80±0.30a 161.44±6.25b 3.62±0.19d 284.02±11.00c
ITAO-32 59.88±1.70a 47.16±1.34ab 4.90±0.14c 101.99±2.90de 9.74±0.28a 234.48±6.66d
ITAO-36 63.68±2.15a 48.28±1.63ab 7.50±0.25a 186.20±6.28a 9.54±0.32a 319.92±10.80bc
ITAO-38 60.47±1.04a 50.00±0.86a 4.99±0.09c 106.08±1.83cd 7.68±0.13b 281.38±4.86c
ITAO-49 61.31±2.06a 43.10±1.45bc 7.58±0.25a 186.18±6.26a 10.03±0.34a 302.14±10.16bc
ITAO-50 61.58±1.13a 47.66±0.87ab 4.90±0.09c 95.42±1.75de 5.66±0.10c 299.36±5.48bc
灌浆后期
Late grain-filling		 Atl-03 46.49±2.13b 40.02±0.21c 3.95±0.18bc 86.37±3.95bc 1.39±0.19de 322.28±14.74cd
Atl-05 52.36±1.36ab 42.31±1.56c 3.20±0.08def 79.81±2.07cd 1.75±0.02cd 431.56±11.21a
Atl-06 46.08±1.17b 33.30±0.85d 3.38±0.09cdef 68.90±1.75de 2.38±0.06bc 319.58±8.11cd
Atl-08 60.03±1.08a 28.69±0.52d 2.94±0.05ef 70.77±1.27de 1.05±0.02e 381.85±6.87ab
Atl-11 53.59±2.08ab 39.99±0.49c 3.42±0.13cde 92.64±3.59b 1.89±0.24cd 358.32±13.88bc
ITAO-32 55.48±1.58a 58.87±1.67a 4.18±0.12b 79.87±2.27cd 5.71±0.16a 285.91±8.12d
ITAO-36 57.97±1.96a 58.82±1.99a 6.57±0.22a 113.80±3.84a 5.31±0.18a 339.31±11.45bc
ITAO-38 56.23±0.97a 64.50±1.11a 2.80±0.05f 64.58±1.11ef 2.33±0.04bc 376.19±6.49b
ITAO-49 57.77±1.94a 51.55±1.73b 3.13±0.11def 54.08±1.82f 2.27±0.08bc 342.36±11.51bc
ITAO-50 53.68±0.98ab 64.07±1.17a 3.66±0.07bcd 89.69±1.64bc 2.89±0.05b 390.96±7.15ab
成熟期
Maturity		 Atl-03 27.78±1.27f 45.09±0.78cd 3.87±0.18a 82.43±3.77a 1.30±0.16de 350.30±16.02bcd
Atl-05 33.78±0.88de 46.10±1.74cd 1.86±0.05ef 43.76±1.14de 1.62±0.05cde 430.29±11.18a
Atl-06 21.96±0.56g 35.73±0.92de 1.42±0.04fg 28.16±0.72fg 2.17±0.06bc 337.32±8.56cd
Atl-08 39.78±0.72bc 30.77±0.33e 1.32±0.02g 25.53±0.46g 0.96±0.03e 392.50±7.07ab
Atl-11 42.93±1.66ab 42.91±0.39d 2.29±0.09de 61.01±2.36c 1.77±0.22cd 314.15±12.17cd
ITAO-32 47.02±1.34a 65.82±3.25ab 3.23±0.09b 77.82±2.21ab 5.22±0.14a 314.13±8.92cd
ITAO-36 36.41±1.23cd 63.19±3.15ab 3.45±0.12ab 72.78±2.46ab 5.07±0.26a 364.36±12.30bc
ITAO-38 30.63±0.53ef 69.03±1.80a 2.04±0.04e 37.11±0.64ef 2.22±0.09bc 312.01±5.39d
ITAO-49 48.18±1.62a 55.11±3.80bc 3.05±0.10bc 70.47±2.37bc 2.12±0.08bc 348.60±11.72bcd
ITAO-50 25.66±0.47fg 68.64±3.60a 2.65±0.05cd 49.23±0.90d 2.76±0.08b 313.07±5.73cd

Table 2

Analysis of differences in photosynthetic characteristics between wild and cultivated population"

时期
Stage		 群体
Population		 指标
Index		 SPAD值
SPAD value		 旗叶面积
Flag leaf area (mm2)		 Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]		 Gs
[mmol/(m2·s)]		 Pn
[μmol CO2/(m2·s)]		 Ci
(μmol/mol)
抽穗期
Heading		 野生 平均值 49.6±1.2b 25.6±0.8b 7.6±0.6a 213.3±43.6b 7.2±0.7b 343.9±12.5a
范围 41.2~56.7 20.0~29.7 5.1~11.6 99.2~547.5 4.4~11.2 263.6~414.2
变异系数CV (%) 9.4 12.0 30.5 79.2 35.2 14.1
栽培 平均值 55.2±0.7a 41.8±0.9a 9.1±0.7a 370.1±38.9a 13.6±0.6a 355.5±7.4a
范围 51.7~61.0 35.5~46.2 5.2~13.1 147.0~571.2 10.0~16.9 305.3~409.8
变异系数CV (%) 4.6 8.3 29.6 40.7 17.0 8.0
灌浆前期
Early grain-filling		 野生 平均值 55.1±1.5b 33.4±1.7b 5.6±0.4a 117.0±7.0a 4.1±0.3b 313.8±12.6a
范围 45.5~64.5 25.5~45.6 3.7~8.3 82.4~172.1 2.9~6.0 259.2~411.8
变异系数CV (%) 10.7 19.4 25.5 23.1 24.1 15.5
栽培 平均值 61.4±0.7a 47.2±0.8a 6.0±0.4a 135.2±11.3a 8.5±0.5a 287.5±8.4a
范围 56.6~68.0 40.5~51.5 4.6~8.0 93.2~196.5 5.5~10.6 221.5~341.5
变异系数CV (%) 4.6 6.4 22.6 32.3 20.5 11.3
灌浆后期
Late grain-filling		 野生 平均值 51.7±1.5b 36.9±1.4b 3.4±0.1a 79.7±2.6a 1.7±0.1b 362.7±11.9a
范围 43.1~61.4 27.7~43.9 2.8~4.3 65.8~98.8 1.0~2.5 299.1~454.0
变异系数CV (%) 11.3 14.7 11.3 12.8 30.2 12.7
栽培 平均值 56.2±0.7a 59.6±1.4a 4.1±0.4a 80.4±5.6a 3.7±0.4a 347.0±10.3a
范围 52.4~61.9 48.4~64.9 2.7~7.0 50.8~121.5 2.1~5.9 270.1~405.1
变异系数CV (%) 5.0 9.0 34.3 27.0 42.1 11.5
成熟期
Maturity		 野生 平均值 33.3±2.1a 40.1±1.6b 2.2±0.3b 48.2±5.8a 1.6±0.1b 364.9±11.9a
范围 21.0~45.8 30.2~49.1 1.3~4.2 24.6~89.4 0.9~2.2 292.8~452.6
变异系数CV (%) 24.4 15.7 44.9 46.2 29.7 12.6
栽培 平均值 37.6±2.4a 64.4±1.8a 2.9±0.1a 61.5±4.2a 3.5±0.4a 330.4±6.8b
范围 25.1~50.9 48.9~75.7 2.0~3.7 35.9~80.9 2.0~5.5 296.8~388.9
变异系数CV (%) 24.8 11.0 18.3 26.7 41.5 8.0

Table 3

Agronomic traits of different oat materials"

材料
Material		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 穗长
Panicle length
(cm)		 分蘖总数
Total tiller
number		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 平均种子表面积
Mean surface area
of seed (mm2)		 平均种子周长
Mean seed
circumference (mm)		 平均种子长
Mean seed
length (mm)		 平均种子宽
Mean seed
width (mm)
Atl-03 133.6±5.1cd 43.9±3.9a 24.7±2.0ab 10.9±0.0e 13.7±0.0c 22.8±0.0a 9.9±0.0a 2.1±0.0cd
Atl-05 169.9±3.9b 42.5±3.4a 27.0±1.2a 15.2±0.2cd 15.3±0.2b 20.5±0.2bc 9.0±0.1bc 2.1±0.0bcd
Atl-06 164.8±0.6b 35.5±1.0a 22.3±5.2abc 14.2±0.2d 14.0±0.2c 18.8±0.2ef 8.2±0.1de 2.2±0.0bcd
Atl-08 197.2±2.1a 41.1±10.5a 27.0±1.5a 11.8±0.1e 13.9±0.3c 21.7±0.1ab 9.5±0.1ab 2.1±0.0d
Atl-11 141.1±7.9c 36.7±3.5a 26.3±1.2ab 15.5±0.3c 15.3±0.3b 19.0±0.3def 8.2±0.1de 2.3±0.0abc
ITAO-32 139.7±0.8c 46.0±0.4a 16.7±0.3bcd 17.0±0.1b 15.9±0.1b 20.0±0.1cde 8.6±0.0cd 2.3±0.0ab
ITAO-36 135.9±2.4c 37.0±1.3a 14.0±2.0cd 23.1±0.1a 17.2±0.1a 20.3±0.1cd 8.7±0.1cd 2.4±0.0ab
ITAO-38 97.0±0.8e 39.2±4.0a 9.0±0.6d 15.2±0.4cd 14.1±0.3c 18.0±0.4f 7.8±0.2e 2.2±0.1abcd
ITAO-49 113.4±5.5de 39.8±4.2a 16.3±0.7bcd 16.7±0.3b 16.2±0.3ab 19.8±0.3cde 8.6±0.2cd 2.3±0.0abc
ITAO-50 120.7±6.8cd 28.0±3.0a 11.3±0.9d 14.6±0.2cd 16.2±0.3ab 20.5±0.3bc 8.9±0.2c 2.4±0.0a

Fig.1

Correlation analysis between photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits of oat HS: heading stage; EGFS: early grain-filling stage; LGFS: late grain-filling stage; MS: maturity stage; PH: plant height; PL: panicle length; TTN: total tiller number; TKW: 1000-grain weight; MSAS: mean surface area of seed; MSC: mean seed circumference; MSL: mean seed length; MSW: mean seed width.“*”indicates significant correlations at P < 0.05 level."

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