施氮量和种植密度对芝麻光合速率、产量和氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.02.030

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of nitrogen rate and planting density on photosynthetic rate, seed yield and nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of sesame, the white sesame variety Zhengtaizhi 1 was used as experimental material with four nitrogen application levels of 0, 60, 100 and 140kg/ha and three planting densities of 112 500, 187 500 and 262 500 plants/ha. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and chlorophyll content (SPAD) of leaves, nitrogen harvest index, the number of capsules per plant, and 1000-grain weight of sesame decreased gradually with the increase of planting density under the same nitrogen application level, while the nitrogen of plant straw and total nitrogen increased gradually. The nitrogen recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency were the highest at the planting density 187 500 plants/ha. Among the four nitrogen application levels, the yield of nitrogen aoplication with 100kg/ha treatment was the highest which increased by 19.70% and 16.91% in two years, respectively, compared with the treatment without nitrogen fertilizer. Under the same planting density, the P_n of leaves, the number of capsules per plant, grains per capsule, and 1000-grain weight increased with the increase of nitrogen application levels. The yield of planting density with 187 500 plants/ha treatment was the highest, and compared with 112 500 plants/ha treatment, its yield increased by 15.30% and 16.69% in two years, respectively. The 100kg/ha nitrogen application levels with the planting density of 187 500 plants/ha contribute to obtaining the highest yield. In addition, the nitrogen uptake and use efficiency were more than 50%, and the agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer reached more than 4.27kg/kg, which was the optimal combination for high-yield and efficient production of white sesame.

Key words: Sesame, Nitrogen rate, Planting density, Photosynthetic rate, Yield, Nitrogen use efficiency

Li Feng, Gao Tongmei, Su Xiaoyu, Wei Libin, Wang Dongyong, Tian Yuan, Li Tongke, Yang Zihao, Wei Shuangling. Effects of Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density on Photosynthetic Rate, Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sesame[J].Crops, 2022, 38(2): 215-221.

Figures/Tables 5

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Table 2

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Table 3

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处理 Treatment	2016		2017
处理 Treatment	P_n [μmol/(m²·s)]	SPAD	P_n [μmol/(m²·s)]	SPAD
N1D1	25.38±0.21b	42.85±0.71c	25.86±0.38cd	44.18±1.12ef
N1D2	24.00±0.65c	41.26±0.32d	25.09±0.20de	42.33±0.36gh
N1D3	20.40±0.12e	38.80±1.09e	21.96±0.61g	40.90±0.62h
N2D1	25.21±0.12bc	46.04±0.61b	26.00±0.64cd	47.32±0.30bcd
N2D2	24.79±0.14bc	43.70±0.86c	25.29±0.23d	45.73±0.28de
N2D3	21.48±0.17de	42.90±0.44c	23.56±0.51f	42.97±0.74fg
N3D1	25.87±0.74ab	48.07±0.99a	27.21±0.37ab	49.73±0.51a
N3D2	25.85±1.11ab	45.93±0.67b	26.31±0.90bc	47.20±0.97bcd
N3D3	22.70±0.83d	43.27±0.36c	24.27±0.16ef	46.71±0.27cd
N4D1	26.82±0.64a	46.09±0.32b	27.39±0.15a	47.43±0.14bc
N4D2	25.83±0.56ab	46.71±0.52b	26.08±0.29cd	48.49±0.49ab
N4D3	21.64±0.74de	43.71±0.29c	24.01±0.54f	46.88±1.88bcd
N	**	**	**	**
D	**	**	**	*
N×D	ns	*	ns	*

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单株蒴数 Capsule per plant	单蒴粒数 Seeds per capsule	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
2016	N1D1	90.18±2.12de	63.43±1.28def	2.874±0.054de	1436.4±43.8h
	N1D2	86.56±2.14ef	65.27±1.11cd	2.862±0.025de	1590.7±65.9g
	N1D3	79.50±1.40g	61.30±0.74f	2.698±0.014f	1682.3±53.5f
	N2D1	104.41±2.12bc	62.37±0.38ef	2.963±0.030c	1558.3±19.8g
	N2D2	100.07±2.27c	63.88±1.62de	2.933±0.061cd	1758.5±40.6de
	N2D3	83.53±7.41fg	65.83±0.74cd	2.819±0.011e	1852.2±7.2c
	N3D1	129.52±0.13a	67.47±2.38bc	3.053±0.036ab	1675.1±31.1f
	N3D2	127.07±2.42a	70.37±0.85a	2.969±0.037bc	2065.3±19.3a
	N3D3	93.33±2.33d	65.22±0.92cd	2.834±0.043e	1896.7±10.4bc
	N4D1	124.87±4.86a	71.03±0.93a	3.118±0.022a	1703.8±35.1ef
	N4D2	107.41±2.01b	69.24±0.71ab	3.082±0.038a	1933.9±20.5b
	N4D3	85.67±3.38ef	64.38±0.50de	2.853±0.067de	1827.3±12.1cd
	N	**	**	**	**
	D	**	**	**	**
	N×D	**	**	ns	**
2017	N1D1	91.62±3.27ef	67.71±0.24de	2.816±0.061def	1525.7±90.5f
	N1D2	88.13±2.51fg	68.38±1.28de	2.755±0.042ef	1744.4±68.8de
	N1D3	82.07±0.92g	63.02±1.39g	2.737±0.064f	1819.3±20.8cd
	N2D1	110.46±1.76c	69.14±1.50cd	2.961±0.042bc	1706.3±48.3e
	N2D2	106.81±3.22c	69.39±0.74bcd	2.913±0.086cd	1984.2±4.1b
	N2D3	92.25±0.74ef	64.48±1.13fg	2.830±0.021def	2008.5±5.3b
	N3D1	126.07±4.02a	72.32±0.81a	3.091±0.039a	1751.0±33.4de
	N3D2	128.20±2.24a	72.01±0.93ab	3.021±0.037ab	2170.9±23.0a
	N3D3	98.48±1.57d	66.34±0.89ef	2.857±0.032cde	2028.5±52.9b
	N4D1	126.94±4.19a	73.49±1.24a	3.124±0.019a	1843.6±19.2c
	N4D2	119.52±1.48b	71.42±1.12abc	3.069±0.039a	2067.1±56.4b
	N4D3	94.57±0.84de	64.13±1.27fg	2.784±0.028ef	1995.1±35.5b
	N	**	**	**	**
	D	**	**	**	**
	N×D	**	*	*	**

处理 Treatment	2016			2017
处理 Treatment	氮肥收获指数 NHI (kg/kg)	氮肥吸收利用率 NRE (%)	氮肥农学利用率 NAE (kg/kg)	氮肥收获指数 NHI (kg/kg)	氮肥吸收利用率 NRE (%)	氮肥农学利用率 NAE (kg/kg)
N1D1	0.52a	–	–	0.53a	–	–
N1D2	0.49ab	–	–	0.48bcd	–	–
N1D3	0.43de	–	–	0.45cdef	–	–
N2D1	0.51a	39.08b	2.03c	0.51ab	39.60cd	3.01ab
N2D2	0.46c	39.99b	2.79b	0.46bcde	47.14ab	4.00a
N2D3	0.44cd	30.56c	2.83b	0.44def	33.05e	3.15ab
N3D1	0.50a	37.40b	2.39bc	0.49abc	41.72bcd	2.25bc
N3D2	0.47bc	51.04a	4.74a	0.48bcd	50.04a	4.27a
N3D3	0.39f	47.35a	2.14c	0.41fg	42.41bc	2.09bc
N4D1	0.45cd	37.28b	1.94c	0.46bcde	36.00de	2.27bc
N4D2	0.40ef	47.06a	2.45bc	0.42ef	47.51ab	2.30bc
N4D3	0.38f	35.48b	1.03d	0.37g	40.92cd	1.26c
N	**	**	**	**	*	**
D	**	**	**	**	**	**
N×D	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Effects of Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density on Photosynthetic Rate, Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sesame

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