Crops ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 208-216.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.026

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Effect of Organic-Inorganic Compound Fertilizer from Distillerʼs Grains on Yield, Quality, Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Sorghum

Xu Hao1(), Wei Quanquan2, Tan Hongwei1, Gou Jiulan2, Ran Xuesong1, Zhang Meng2, Song Nanling1, Liu Lingling2, Gu Xiaofeng2, Lü Xibin1()   

  1. 1Kweichow Moutai Distillery (Group) Circular Economy Industrial Investment and Development Co., Ltd., Zunyi 563100, Guizhou, China
    2Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2024-09-14 Revised:2024-12-05 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-10

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Abstract:

A two-year field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in Zunyi, Guizhou Province. Five fertilization treatments, no fertilization (T1), farmer?s habit fertilization, basal application ordinary compound fertilizer 900 kg/ha and topdressing of pure N 45.0 kg/ha during panicle stage (T2), basal application type I fertilizer 1800 kg/ha, no topdressing (T3), basal application type II fertilizer 3000 kg/ha, no topdressing (T4), basal application type III fertilizer 1500 kg/ha and topdressing of pure N 90.0 kg/ha during panicle stage (T5) were set up to study the effects of different organic-inorganic compound fertilizers from distiller?s grains on sorghum yield, quality, nutrient uptake and utilization. The result showed that compared with T2 treatment, the sorghum yield of T3, T4, and T5 treatment increased by 76.57, 107.57, 164.66 kg/ha and total biomass increased 328.40, 358.98, and 463.54 kg/ha. Compared with T2 treatment, the amylopectin content in sorghum from T3 to T5 treatment increased by 1.13%-7.02% and and tannin content increased by 1.63%-4.35%. Compared with T2 treatment, the nitrogen accumulation of T3, T4 and T5 treatments were increased by 7.27, 6.22, 9.07 kg/ha, the phosphorus accumulation were increased by 1.27, 1.72, 2.47 kg/ha, the potassium accumulation were increased by 13.35, 12.38, 9.15 kg/ha. After harvesting of sorghum, T3, T4 and T5 treatments could all maintain or increase soil nutrient content. The two-year average net benefit of T5 treatment were 45 189.7 yuan/ha, and output/input ratio were 2.679, higher than T2, T3, and T4 treatments. In summary, both the one-time basal application of Type I and Type II and basal application of Type III + topdressing of nitrogen at panicle stage methods could improve the yield, nutrient absorption and utilization, and maintain soil fertility levels. We suggested that when labor is in sufficient, the former is preferred; when labor is sufficient, the latter is an alternative.

Key words: Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer from distiller?s grains, Sorghum, Yield, Quality, Nutrient uptake and utilization

Table 1

The amount of fertilizer applied under different fertilization treatments kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 肥料
Fertilizer		 总养分投入量Total nutrient input
N P2O5 K2O
T1 不施肥 0 0 0
T2 农民习惯施肥，基施普通复合肥900 kg/hm2，穗期追纯氮45 kg/hm2 180 135 135
T3 基施Ⅰ型肥料1800 kg/hm2，不追肥 180 144 144
T4 基施Ⅱ型肥料3000 kg/hm2，不追肥 180 150 150
T5 基施Ⅲ型肥料1500 kg/hm2，穗期追纯氮90 kg/hm2 180 150 150

Fig.1

Yield of sorghum of different treatments Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level. The same below."

Table 2

Biomass of sorghum of different treatments kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 籽粒生物量Grain biomass 茎叶生物量Stem and leaf biomass 总生物量Total biomass
2022 2023 均值
Mean		 2022 2023 均值
Mean		 2022 2023 均值
Mean
T1 5029.50±134.40b 4741.72±139.80b 4885.61 6319.50±281.40b 6081.94±163.95b 6200.72 11 349.00 10 823.67 11 086.33
T2 6549.00±149.70a 6230.75±169.95a 6389.88 8128.50±266.55a 7768.18±298.20a 7948.34 14 677.50 13 998.93 14 338.22
T3 6588.00±191.85a 6344.89±185.10a 6466.45 8269.50±228.30a 8130.85±270.30a 8200.17 14 857.50 14 475.74 14 666.62
T4 6609.00±175.55a 6385.90±179.70a 6497.45 8356.50±292.80a 8043.00±255.00a 8199.75 14 965.50 14 428.90 14 697.20
T5 6654.00±169.95a 6455.08±173.85a 6554.54 8407.50±280.65a 8086.95±299.85a 8247.22 15 061.50 14 542.03 14 801.76

Table 3

Agronomic traits of sorghum of different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 株高Plant height (m) 茎粗Stem diameter (mm) 穗长Panicle length (cm) 千粒重1000-grain weight (g)
2022 2023 均值
Mean		 2022 2023 均值
Mean		 2022 2023 均值
Mean		 2022 2023 均值
Mean
T1 2.55±0.13b 2.37±0.11b 2.46 14.17±0.53b 12.43±0.23b 13.30 33.00±1.42b 32.02±1.43b 32.51 19.90±0.44b 17.01±0.43b 18.46
T2 2.65±0.15a 2.44±0.13a 2.55 15.60±0.45a 14.53±0.34a 15.07 34.44±1.62a 33.92±1.34a 34.18 23.20±0.54a 18.73±0.34a 20.97
T3 2.67±0.17a 2.51±0.12a 2.59 15.60±0.56a 15.03±0.29a 15.32 34.89±1.43a 34.81±1.28a 34.85 24.50±0.51a 19.05±0.37a 21.77
T4 2.72±0.15a 2.48±0.13a 2.60 16.97±0.62a 15.17±0.27a 16.07 34.78±1.42a 34.67±1.42a 34.72 24.30±0.37a 18.77±0.33a 21.53
T5 2.69±0.19a 2.54±0.12a 2.61 16.88±0.51a 15.39±0.23a 16.13 35.11±1.28a 35.01±1.33a 35.06 24.80±0.67a 19.21±0.26a 22.01

Table 4

Quality of sorghum of different treatments %"

处理
Treatment		 支链淀粉含量Amylopectin content 单宁含量Tannin content
2022 2023 均值Mean 2022 2023 均值Mean
T1 51.91±1.27b 51.14±1.25b 51.53 1.79±0.05b 1.73±0.06a 1.77
T2 53.52±1.36ab 52.75±1.37ab 53.14 1.86±0.06ab 1.81±0.07a 1.84
T3 54.14±1.54ab 53.33±1.49ab 53.74 1.90±0.08ab 1.83±0.09a 1.87
T4 56.05±1.51a 55.76±1.39a 55.91 1.93±0.06a 1.89±0.10a 1.91
T5 57.07±1.40a 56.67±1.34a 56.87 1.95±0.07a 1.88±0.10a 1.92

Fig.2

Effects of different fertilization treatments on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient accumulation in sorghum"

Table 5

Fertilizer utilization rate of sorghum of different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 表观利用率Appearance utilization rate (%)
氮Nitrogen 磷Phosphorus 钾Potassium
2022 2023 均值Mean 2022 2023 均值Mean 2022 2023 均值Mean
T1 － － － － － － － － －
T2 30.76±1.58b 23.89±1.76b 27.33 7.09±0.49b 7.60±0.29c 7.34 43.11±1.56b 39.32±1.90b 41.21
T3 32.83±1.33a 31.90±2.14a 32.37 7.14±0.42ab 8.39±0.44b 7.76 43.81±1.74b 43.81±1.85a 47.95
T4 31.58±1.71ab 32.00±1.88a 31.79 7.26±0.35ab 8.32±0.27b 7.79 49.20±2.11a 41.55±1.95a 45.38
T5 33.50±1.34a 33.26±1.30a 33.38 7.61±0.31a 8.90±0.34a 8.25 44.00±2.03b 42.43±1.95a 43.21
处理
Treatment		 农学效率Agricultural efficiency (kg/kg)
氮Nitrogen 磷Phosphorus 钾Potassium
2022 2023 均值Mean 2022 2023 均值Mean 2022 2023 均值Mean
T1 － － － － － － － － －
T2 8.14±0.22c 7.97±0.19c 8.05 11.26±0.34a 11.03±0.25a 11.14 11.26±0.34a 11.03±0.25a 11.14
T3 8.66±0.15b 8.91±0.15b 8.78 10.82±0.29a 11.13±0.30a 10.98 10.82±0.29a 11.13±0.30a 10.98
T4 8.78±0.29b 9.13±0.37ab 8.95 10.53±0.40a 10.96±0.33a 10.75 10.53±0.40a 10.96±0.33a 10.75
T5 9.03±0.38a 9.52±0.39a 9.28 10.83±0.36a 11.42±0.32a 11.13 10.83±0.36a 11.42±0.32a 11.13

Table 6

Soil fertility status of different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 pH 有机质Organic matter (g/kg) 全氮Total nitrogen (g/kg)
2022 2023 均值Mean 2022 2023 均值Mean 2022 2023 均值Mean
T1 5.03±0.10a 5.04±0.13a 5.04 45.50±1.33b 43.80±1.11b 44.65 1.95±0.05b 1.90±0.05b 1.93
T2 5.17±0.13a 5.36±0.10a 5.27 46.90±1.08ab 45.17±1.15a 46.04 2.04±0.07ab 1.97±0.08ab 2.01
T3 5.09±0.11a 5.29±0.20a 5.19 47.30±1.19ab 46.61±1.27a 46.96 2.10±0.04a 2.10±0.10a 2.10
T4 5.15±0.12a 5.18±0.18a 5.17 49.00±1.32a 46.66±1.29a 47.83 2.14±0.05a 2.10±0.09a 2.12
T5 5.15±0.20a 5.19±0.13a 5.17 48.30±1.35a 46.54±1.51a 47.42 2.16±0.04a 2.11±0.04a 2.14
处理
Treatment		 有效磷Available phosphorus (mg/kg) 速效钾Available potassium (mg/kg)
2022 2023 均值Mean 2022 2023 均值Mean
T1 54.90±2.51d 49.33±2.57c 52.12 181.30±4.55c 141.26±3.43c 161.28
T2 70.00±2.16c 82.23±3.11a 76.12 335.40±5.70b 286.48±5.78b 310.94
T3 94.20±3.24a 82.93±2.89a 88.57 339.70±5.08b 289.78±6.52b 314.74
T4 85.30±3.33b 79.77±3.01b 82.54 374.80±5.99a 304.51±6.47a 339.66
T5 95.80±3.59a 83.18±3.10a 89.49 381.60±6.15a 285.48±6.67b 333.54

Table 7

Economic benefits of sorghum of different treatments 元/hm2 Yuan/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 产值
Output
value		 成本Cost 净收益
Net
benefit		 产投比
Output/
input ratio
种子
Seed		 肥料
Fertilizer		 农药
Pesticide		 其他
Others		 合计
Total
T1 4855.6 53 411.6 450.0 0.0 600.0 21 750.0 22 800.0 30 611.6 2.343
T2 6389.9 70 288.9 450.0 4284.8 600.0 23 250.0 285 84.8 41 704.1 2.459
T3 6466.4 71 130.4 450.0 4143.6 600.0 21 750.0 26 943.6 44 186.8 2.640
T4 6497.5 71 472.5 450.0 5370.0 600.0 21 750.0 28 170.0 43 302.5 2.537
T5 6554.5 72 099.5 450.0 2609.8 600.0 23 250.0 26 909.8 45 189.7 2.679
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