Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 195-201.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.03.030

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Effects of Topping at Different Nodes at Seedling Stage on Root Growth and Yield of High-Yield Spring Soybean

Chu Guanghong(), Zhang Jianxin(), Wang Cong, Zhao Zhanying   

  1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2020-06-20 Revised:2020-07-11 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-22
  • Contact: Zhang Jianxin E-mail:tarucgh@sohu.com;zjxin401@126.com

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Abstract:

To reveal the effects of topping at the seedling stage on root growth and yield of high-yield spring soybean, the cotyledon node topping (SP1), true leaf node topping (TP1), and compound leaf node topping (CP1) under the condition of film mulching and compound leaf node topping (CP2) under the condition of non-mulching were studied. In addition, CK1 and CK2 were used as control. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and yield components of root morphology and root activity after topping were systematically studied. The main results were as follows: the total lateral root dry weight and the root activity of different treatments were significantly increased, and the root increment of compound leaf node topping treatment was higher than the other two treatments, film mulching treatments were higher than non-mulching, and root increment of 0-20cm was higher than the root increment of 20-40cm. The maximum total lateral root dry weight, total lateral root length, and total lateral root surface area treated with CP1 (CP2) on the 60th day after topping were increased by 57.48% (17.95%), 54.03% (10.57%), and 55.43% (11.22%). The root activity of 0-20cm (20-40cm) increased by 29.28% (31.65%) and 24.01% (9.50%), respectively. Population pods and population seeds of CP1 were increased by 22.05% and 18.52%, compared to CK1. CP2 decreased by 1.71% and 4.61%, respectively, compared with CK2 (P > 0.05). The 100-seed weight and grain yield of CP1 (CP2) were increased by 4.88% (9.01%) and 21.00% (3.98%), respectively. Therefore, it is believed that the topping of compound leaf nodes could significantly promote root growth, the number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, and grain yield of high-yield spring soybean, and also can provide a theoretical basis for soybean breeding for high-yield and post-hail disaster management.

Key words: High-yield spring soybean, Topping at seedling stage, Root system, Yield composition

Fig.1

Processing methods of topping at seedling stage of soybean CK: control; CP: topping at the compound leaf stage; TP: topping at the first true leaf stage; SP: topping at the cotyledon stage"

Fig.2

Effects of topping at seedling stage on total lateral root dry weight and lateral root dry weight density Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.3

Effects of topping at seedling stage on total lateral root length and lateral root length density"

Fig.4

Effects of topping at seedling stage on total lateral root surface-area and lateral root surface-area density"

Fig.5

Effects of topping at seedling stage on root activity"

Table 1

Yield and yield components"

处理Treatment 株数
Plant number
(×104 plant/hm2)		 茎数
Stem number
(×104 stem/hm2)		 单株荚数
Pods of
per plant		 群体荚数(个/m2)
Population pods (number/m2)		 单株粒数
seeds of
per plant		 群体粒数(个/m2)
Population seeds (number/m2)		 百粒重
100-seed weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
CK1 26.46a 27.15c 25.12c 664.71d 78.24b 2070.10b 16.41b 3373.64c
SP1 26.56a 44.93b 27.03b 717.94c 73.34c 1948.09c 15.91b 2960.59d
TP1 25.56a 56.46a 29.91b 764.36b 81.09b 2072.30b 17.64a 3704.85b
CP1 25.70a 58.46a 35.92a 922.94a 95.49a 2453.56a 17.21a 4082.25a
CK2 24.52a 24.52b 27.80a 681.49a 76.67a 1879.57a 15.10b 2838.30a
CP2 25.07a 50.06a 26.72a 669.86a 71.52a 1792.98a 16.46a 2951.40a
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