Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 74-85.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.05.011

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Effects of Compound Saline-Alkali Stress on Growth and Metabolism of Oat

Zhao Zhou(), Zhang Li, Gao Xinlei, Qiu Hongyu   

  1. College of Agriculture, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2024-08-26 Revised:2024-09-25 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-21

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Abstract:

In order to analyze the mechanism of oat response to compound saline-alkali stress, the emergence rate, phenotypic index, physiological index and metabolome of oat seedling were systematically studied through compound saline-alkali treatment of Xin-17 (saline-alkali resistant variety) and Caoyou-1 (saline-alkali sensitive variety). The results showed that the emergence rate and seedling phenotype of Xin-17 were significantly better than Caoyou-1. Under compound saline-alkali stress, Xin-17 could maintain higher moisture content of shoot and photosynthetic pigment content. Metabolome studies showed that the expression of 6-hydroxymelatonin was significantly up-regulated in both varieties, particularly in the Caoyou-1 (25.6 times). The secondary metabolites such as syringin and sanguinarine showed similar trends in two varieties, and there were no differences between varieties, nor significant differences in expression after stress. A few metabolites showed obvious variety specificity, such as senecionine and rutin were significantly up-regulated in Caoyou-1, while curcumin and scopoletin in Xin-17 were relatively high. Indole-3-acetic acid in Xin-17 maintained a stable level under compound saline-alkali stress, and its key gene of auxin synthesis and the upstream metabolite indole-3- acetamide were upregulated, while the content of indole-3-acetic acid in Caoyou-1 was significantly down- regulated. In addition, the content of pheophorbide A, a degradation product of chlorophyll-a in Xin-17, increased significantly under compound saline-alkali stress, with a maximum increase of 12.8 times. The general characteristics of the above metabolites in response to saline-alkali stress and the diversified metabolic characteristics of different varieties are of great significance for understanding the mechanism of saline-alkali tolerance and breeding of saline-alkali tolerance varieties in oat.

Key words: Oat, Seedling, Compound saline-alkali stress, Metabolome, Growth

Table 1

The genes and corresponding primers in qRT-PCR reaction"

编号Code 基因ID Gene ID 基因功能注释Gene function annotation 引物序列（5′-3′）Primer sequence (5′-3′)
1 Cluster-38721.80008 YUCCA，吲哚-3-丙酮酸单加氧酶 GCTGCCTGCTGATGTCTTGGG
GTTCGGCGACAACGGGATGG
2 Cluster-38721.50882 苯丙氨酸解氨酶 TGAGGAGGAGCTTCGACAGACAC
GGTACAGAGGGTATGAACGGCAATC
3 Cluster-38721.77689 硝酸根高效转运蛋白2.2 CGACCCAGCCAGAAGCAGAATG
GACCTTGGTGCCCGCTACTTTG
4 Cluster-38721.84959 磷转运蛋白2 GCCCCTGCCCATATGCTAAA
TTATGGCCACGAGCATGACA
5 Cluster-38721.55805 淀粉合酶 CTTGGTCGTCCCGTGAAAGA
ATGCCTCAGTGGAGCAGAAC
6 Cluster-38721.47252 蔗糖合成酶 GCACCGTGAGTATCAGCGATGTAG
ACCTGTTTGGGCAGTTCCGTTG
7 － β-肌动蛋白（内参基因） CCAGCGAGGTCAAGACGAA
CCCAAGGCTAACAGGGAGAA

Fig.1

Emergence rate of oats under compound saline-alkali stress Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level, the same below."

Fig.2

Growth of oat at seedling stage under compound saline-alkali stress"

Fig.3

Changes of oat seedling plant height on the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 13th days under compound saline-alkali stress"

Fig.4

Shoot dry weight and moisture content changes of oat at seedling stage under compound saline-alkali stress"

Fig.5

Photosynthetic pigment content changes of oat at seedling stage under compound saline-alkali stress"

Fig.6

CAT and SOD activity changes of oat at seedling stage under compound saline-alkali stress"

Fig.7

PCA plot of oat at seedling stage under compound saline-alkali stress (a) Cation; (b) Anion."

Fig.8

KEGG metabolites enrichment analysis of oat at seedling stage under compound saline-alkali stress (Top20 metabolic pathways)"

Fig.9

Tryptophan metabolic pathway (a) and secondary metabolic pathway (b) of Xin-17 and Caoyou-1 under compound saline-alkali stress"

Table 2

Main metabolites in tryptophan metabolic pathway and secondary metabolic pathway under compound saline-alkali stress"

代谢物ID
Metabolite ID		 代谢物
Metabolite		 X17CK vs C1CK C1T2 vs C1CK C1T5 vs C1CK X17T2 vs X17CK X17T5 vs X17CK
log2FC P log2FC P log2FC P log2FC P log2FC P
Com_18815_pos 6-羟基褪黑素 － － － － 4.677 4.40E-06 － － 2.710 0.017
Com_1368_pos 5-甲氧基吲哚乙酸 － － － － － － 1.203 2E-04 1.869 2.1E-05
Com_264_pos 吲哚 － － － － － － － － 1.777 0.022
Com_4506_pos 吲哚-3-乙酰胺 -1.068 0.025 － － － － － － 1.155 0.029
Com_3334_neg 吲哚-3-乙酸 -3.148 3.43E-05 － － -2.216 3E-04 － － － －
Com_5768_pos 千里光宁碱 -0.873 0.022 － － 2.224 0.015 － － － －
Com_16587_pos 芦丁 0.682 0.030 － － 2.070 0.007 － － － －
Com_6517_neg 短叶松素 － － － － 1.494 2E-04 － － － －
Com_2741_neg 芹菜素 － － － － 1.192 0.002 － － － －
Com_3581_pos 芽子碱甲酯 － － － － 1.097 0.027 － － － －
Com_4121_neg 柚皮素 － － － － 1.036 0.006 － － － －
Com_15315_pos 绿原酸 － － － － -1.039 0.007 － － － －
Com_1276_pos 茉莉酸甲酯 0.582 0.014 － － -1.932 1E-04 － － － －
Com_1009_neg 丙酮酸 -0.269 0.039 -0.846 0.001 － － － － － －
Com_916_neg 延胡索酸 -0.673 0.043 -1.309 0.001 － － － － － －
Com_3882_neg 松柏苷 － － － － － － 1.579 0.006 － －
Com_19926_pos 异甘草素 － － － － － － 0.985 0.011 － －
Com_8297_neg 胆红素 0.770 0.045 － － -1.446 0.026 -0.987 0.001 － －
Com_1848_pos 东莨菪碱 2.510 3.0E-07 － － -1.482 2.2E-05 -1.597 0.001 － －
Com_335_pos 胡椒酸 -1.979 6.5E-05 － － － － － － 2.416 0.019
Com_3212_neg 左旋多巴 － － － － － － － － 1.966 1.6E-06
Com_1857_neg 香草醛 -0.693 0.041 -1.144 4E-04 － － － － 1.797 0.011
Com_5587_neg 姜黄素 1.865 0.001 -1.851 0.003 -2.213 0.001 -2.728 3E-05 -3.065 7E-06
Com_4159_pos 脱镁叶绿酸A － － － － － － 1.478 0.003 3.682 6E-07
Com_6775_pos L-高丝氨酸 － － 3.784 2.3E-06 3.536 3.6E-09 2.697 1.1E-04 3.867 2.7E-06
Com_2002_pos 2-氨基乙基膦酸酯 － － 1.411 0.009 1.048 0.037 2.115 1.0E-04 2.638 5.4E-05
Com_921_pos N-乙酰鸟氨酸脱酰基酶 -1.370 8.9E-05 － － 1.528 1.0E-04 － － 3.149 8.0E-04
Com_18818_pos 3-琥珀酰吡啶 － － － － 1.191 5.0E-04 0.854 1.2E-04 1.484 1.0E-06
Com_1132_pos 4-胍基丁酸 － － － － － － － － 3.180 0.009
Com_205_neg 棕榈酸 － － － － － － 0.913 0.007 － －
Com_15501_pos 延胡索碱 － － 1.435 3.0E-04 － － － － － －
Com_5038_neg 尿黑酸 － － 1.175 0.001 － － － － － －
Com_2413_neg D-葡萄糖二酸 -1.317 8.5E-05 － － 1.350 9.6 E-05 － － － －
Com_5408_pos 泛酰巯基乙胺 － － -0.849 0.018 － － -1.087 0.001 -1.491 1.2E-06
Com_4244_pos 紫草素 -1.144 4.0E-04 － － － － － － － －
Com_7034_pos 白藜芦醇 -1.087 7.5E-05 － － － － － － － －
Com_8890_pos 胆绿素 -1.041 0.011 － － － － － － － －
Com_4560_neg 紫丁香苷 － － － － － － － － － －
Com_12390_pos 牛磺胆酸 － － － － － － － － － －
Com_4167_pos 血根碱 － － － － － － － － － －
Com_3430_pos 依美汀 － － － － － － － － － －

Fig.10

Expression analysis for six genes by qRT-PCR under compound saline-alkali stress"

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