Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 47-53.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.06.007

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Genetic Analysis of Hydroxy Safflor Yellow A Content of Cross Combinations after Diallel Crossing in Carthamus tinctorius L.

Liang Huizhen1,2(), Xu Lanjie1, Yu Yongliang1, Tan Zhengwei1, Yang Hongqi1, Dong Wei1, Li Lei1, Li Chunming1, Liu Xinmei1, Zhang Shouliang1   

  1. 1Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Xixia Branch, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xixia 474550, Henan, China
  • Received:2020-02-20 Revised:2020-04-14 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2020-12-09

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Abstract:

Six Carthamus tinctorius L. cultivars with great difference in hydroxy safflor yellow A (HSYA) content were used as parents to make incomplete diallel crossing in accordance with the Griffing method Ⅱ to study the genetics of HSYA content in Carthamus tinctorius L. using a full genetic model for quantitative traits of seed for diploid plant. Analysis of diploid embryo, cytoplasm and diploid maternal genetic effects, their GE interaction effects for Carthamus tinctorius L. quality traits, and the genetic correlation among quality traits were conducted by using 2015 and 2016 data. The genetic relationship between Carthamus tinctorius L. quality traits were also analyzed by using a mixed model approaches, which could estimate the genetic covariances between two traits with unequal design matrices. The values of parents were also analyzed in this experiment. The results showed that HSYA content in Carthamus tinctorius L. was mainly controlled by maternal and embryogenic effects, followed by cytoplasmic effects. The main effects of different genetic systems on HSYA content traits were more important than environment interaction effects. The strong dominance effects on HSYA from residual were easily changed by environmental conditions. The analysis of genetic effect of parents showed that the performance of parental Yuhonghua1hao (P1) was relative more stable. It is beneficial to increase the content of HSYA in hybrid progeny and improve the effect of quality improvement. Both Embryo and maternal dominant variance were highly significant, and it implied that there were both seed heterosis and maternal heterosis, while the main genetic effects were not affected by environmental factors. Comprehensive consideration of main genetic effect, embryogenic dominance and maternal dominance, parental combination (P1×P5) was beneficial to increase the content of hydroxy safflor yellow A in the progeny of hybrid varieties. The above results provide theoretical support for parental selection in heterosis utilization.

Key words: Carthamus tinctorius L., Diallel crossing, Hydroxy safflor yellow A, Genetic effect, Heterosis

Table 1

Means of HSYA content and agronomic traits of parents and relative F1, F2 in Carthamus tinctorius"

亲本
Parent		 HSYA (mg/g) 花色
Flower color		 花丝产量
Filament yield (kg/hm2)		 花丝生育期
Growth period of filament (d)
F1 F2 平均值Mean
P1 16.29 16.21 16.25 红色 365.70 202
P2 16.12 15.72 15.92 红色 339.15 207
P3 16.03 15.75 15.89 红色 344.55 210
P4 14.21 13.91 14.06 橙色 345.90 202
P5 13.15 12.87 13.01 黄色 355.65 206
P6 13.51 13.45 13.48 黄色 352.80 205
P1×P2 18.17 15.26 16.72 红色 362.40 203
P1×P3 17.61 12.29 14.95 红色 348.15 203
P1×P4 15.17 10.15 12.66 红色 356.55 202
P1×P5 26.19 29.36 27.78 红色 364.80 204
P1×P6 11.37 12.36 11.87 橙色 364.35 203
平均Mean 17.70 15.88 16.79 - 359.25 203
P2×P3 17.92 16.60 17.26 红色 345.30 209
P2×P4 10.03 7.64 8.84 红色 351.15 207
P2×P5 17.79 18.22 18.01 橙色 360.15 204
P2×P6 16.48 15.86 16.17 红色 355.05 207
平均Mean 15.56 14.58 15.07 - 352.95 207
P3×P4 16.41 15.12 15.77 红色 353.85 206
P3×P5 15.32 14.03 14.68 橙色 361.65 207
P3×P6 14.57 13.21 13.89 红色 357.30 206
平均Mean 15.43 14.12 14.78 - 357.60 206
P4×P5 15.78 14.12 14.95 橙色 353.25 203
P4×P6 14.89 13.68 14.29 橙色 354.15 203
平均Mean 15.34 13.90 14.62 - 353.70 203
P5×P6 15.97 13.64 14.81 黄色 355.80 206
F1P1~F1P5和F2P1~F2P5 16.01 14.42 15.22 - 356.26 205
P1-P6 - - 14.77 - - -
r(P/F1) - - 0.892** - - -
r(P/F2) - - 0.903** - - -
r(F1/F2) - - 0.766* - - -

Table 2

Estimation of genetic variance components for HSYA content in Carthamus tinctorius"

参数Parameter 方差Variance 参数Parameter 方差Variance
胚加性方差（VA）Embryo additive variance 0.000 胚加性互作方差（VAE） 0.008**
胚显性方差（VD）Embryo dominance variance 0.042** 胚显性互作方差（VDE） 0.000
细胞质方差（VC）Cytoplasmic variance 0.000 细胞质互作方差（VCE） 0.017**
母体加性方差（VAm）Maternal additive variance 0.049** 母体加性互作方差（VAmE） 0.019**
母体显性方差（VDm）Maternal dominance variance 0.036** 母体显性互作方差（VDmE） 0.000
机误方差（Ve） 0.192**

Table 3

Predicted genetic effects of HSYA content in Carthamus tinctorius mg/g"

亲本
Parent		 胚加性效应Embryo additive effect 细胞质效应Cytoplasmic effect 母体加性效应Maternal additive effect GⅠ GⅡ
A AEⅠ AEⅡ C CEⅠ CEⅡ Am AmEⅠ AmEⅡ
P1 -0.011** -0.076** -0.033** 0.006** -0.215** -0.061** -0.222** -0.215** -0.074** 0.745 0.285
P2 -0.005* -0.009* -0.051** 0.002* -0.132** -0.019** -0.031** -0.011** -0.046** -0.136 -0.038
P3 -0.024** -0.037** -0.021** 0.002* -0.084** v0.009* -0.108** -0.045** -0.059** -0.222 -0.159
P4 -0.009* -0.039** -0.017** 0.003** -0.090** -0.079** -0.016** -0.041** -0.052** -0.064 0.018
P5 -0.003 -0.027** -0.029** 0.004** -0.102** -0.118** -0.040** -0.039** -0.002 -0.201 0.054
P6 -0.007* -0.048** -0.097** 0.002* v0.048** -0.036** -0.101** -0.097** -0.013** -0.203 -0.176

Table 4

Predicted dominance effects (range) for HSYA content of F2 generation mg/g"

参数
Parameter		 显性效应
Dominance effect		 显性互作效应Dominance interaction effect
2015 2016
组合数
Combination		 平均值（极差）
Mean (range)		 组合数
Combination		 平均值（极差）
Mean (range)		 组合数
Combination		 平均值（极差）
Mean (range)
胚显性效应
D or DE
 总数Total 21 -0.0016(-0.6325~0.3752) 21 v0.0382(-0.8013~0.0816) 21 -0.1006(-0.2010~0.0619)
正效应Positive 14 -0.1632(0.0052~0.3752) 13 -0.1312(0.0115~0.0816) 9 -0.2879(0.0101~0.0619)
负效应Negative 7 -0.2675(-0.7765~-0.0612) 8 -0.0901(-0.7037~-0.0103) 12 -0.0692(-0.2013~-0.0092)
母体显性效应Dm or DmE
 总数Total 21 -0.0001(-0.2981~0.3102) 21 -0.0526(-0.7035~0.4281) 21 -0.0165(-0.1004~0.7206)
正效应Positive 10 -0.1327(0.0180~0.3102) 12 v0.2857(0.0159~0.4281) 10 -0.4729(0.0202~0.7206)
负效应Negative 11 -0.1217(-0.2531~-0.0043) 9 -0.4953(-0.7841~-0.0007) 11 -0.2804(-0.0803~-0.0097)
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