Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 91-98.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.03.014

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Effects of Reducing Phosphorus Application in High-P Soils on the P Efficiency of Chewing Cane and Soil Enzyme Activity

Wu Qihua1(), Chen Diwen1, Zhou Wenling1, Ao Junhua1, Huang Ying1, Huang Zhenrui2(), Li Shuang1, Sun Donglei1   

  1. 1Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences/Guangdong Modern Agricultural Technology Research and Development Center (Resources and Environment and Agricultural Product Safety), Guangzhou 510316, Guangdong, China
    2Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2020-07-08 Revised:2020-10-26 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-22
  • Contact: Huang Zhenrui E-mail:wqh5859@126.com;fjsi@163.com

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Abstract:

In pursuit of high economic benefits, the excessive input of P fertilizer is common in the cultivation of chewing cane resulting in some problems such as the imbalance of soil fertility and reduction of fertilizer efficiency. In the high phosphorus (P) red soil area of Zhanjiang, Guangdong province, the initial soil available P was as high as 234.80mg/kg. Field positioning experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of chewing cane P utilization, and soil enzyme activities after continuous different P reduction measures reducing P of 100% (P0), 50% (P1), 20% (P2), and local customary P application (CK, 600kg P2O5/ha). The results showed that under different P application levels for two consecutive years, the yield, as well as quality traits of sugar content, plant height, and stem diameter of chewing cane were P2 > CK > P1 > P0. Among all P applied treatments, the P use efficiency was the highest in P2, with a value of 32.09%, and the lowest in P1 treatment, with a value of 28.08%. The agronomic efficiency was P2 > P1 > CK. The partial productivity of P was P1 > P2 > CK. As the decrease of P application level, the activities of α-glucosidase and redox-related enzymes, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase increased; the activities of hydrolases such as enzymes associated with carbon conversion, β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase and N-acetylglucosaminidase and phosphatases, decreased; and the activities of leucine aminopeptidase and urease were the highest in P0 treatment and the lowest in P2 treatment. Besides, soil enzyme activity was closely related to soil nutrients, and the correlation was significant (P < 0.05). In combination with the yield, quality of chewing cane, P use efficiency, the soil enzyme activity, and the effects on cane reduction of P fertilizer by 20% could be the recommended amount of P for chewing cane in this region.

Key words: Chewing cane, Yield and quality, P use efficiency, Soil enzyme activity, P application levels, Red soil

Table 1

The yield and quality characteristics of chewing cane under different P fertilizer levels"

处理Treatment 产量
Yield
(t/hm2)		 糖分
Sugar content
(%)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎径
Stem diameter
(mm)
P0 66.9c 11.5a 185.5c 33.5b
P1 94.7b 12.0a 215.7b 34.9ab
P2 112.5a 12.1a 232.4a 36.2a
CK 107.6a 12.0a 228.7a 35.6a

Table 2

The phosphorus efficiency under different P fertilizer levels"

处理
Treatment		 磷肥利用率
P use efficiency
(%)		 农学效率
Agronomic
efficiency (kg/kg)		 偏生产力
Partial factor
productivity (kg/kg)
P0 – – –
P1 28.08a 92.67a 315.67a
P2 32.09a 95.06a 234.44b
CK 28.64a 67.83b 179.33c

Table 3

The cumulative nutrient budget under different P fertilizer levels kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 养分总输入Total nutrient input 养分总输出Total nutrient output 养分表观盈余Cumulative nutrient budget
N P2O5 K2O N P2O5 K2O N P2O5 K2O
P0 1500 0 1350 309.0c 289.1c 853.4d 1191.0a -289.1d 496.6a
P1 1500 600 1350 539.2b 390.9b 1012.6c 960.8b 209.1c 337.4b
P2 1500 960 1350 684.1a 514.6a 1251.7a 815.9c 445.4b 98.3d
CK 1500 1200 1350 650.6a 491.9a 1177.8b 849.4c 708.1a 172.2c

Table 4

Changes in soil properties under different P fertilizer levels"

处理
Treatment		 pH 有机碳
Organic C (g/kg)		 全氮
Total N (g/kg)		 全磷
Total P (g/kg)		 全钾
Total K (g/kg)		 碱解氮
Alkali hydrolysis N (mg/kg)		 速效磷
Available P (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K (mg/kg)
P0 4.29b 12.39a 0.98a 1.04b 2.88a 112.09a 222.73b 123.67a
P1 4.20b 12.51a 0.95a 1.56a 2.85a 86.38b 300.24a 113.33a
P2 4.50ab 12.77a 0.87a 1.67a 2.74a 68.30c 308.08a 99.00b
CK 4.79a 12.94a 0.90a 1.71a 2.77a 78.86b 322.30a 108.67a

Fig.1

Changes of soil enzymes associated with carbon conversion Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P＜0.05), the same below"

Fig.2

Changes of soil enzymes associated with nitrogen and phosphorus conversion"

Fig.3

Changes of soil redox-related enzyme activities"

Table 5

Correlation analysis between soil enzyme activities and soil physical and chemical properties chewing cane yield and P fertilizer use efficiency"

土壤酶
Soil enzyme		 pH 有机碳
Organic C		 全氮
Total N		 全磷
Total P		 全钾
Total K		 有效氮
Available N		 有效磷
Available P		 有效钾
Available K		 产量
Yield		 磷肥利用率
P use efficiency
AG 0.489 -0.972* 0.719 -0.766 0.916* 0.653 -0.688 0.582 -0.745 0.022
BG -0.618 0.905* -0.583 0.753 -0.833 -0.577 0.726 -0.461 0.683 -0.319
CBH -0.425 0.981** -0.753 0.751 -0.939* -0.662 0.655 -0.610 0.749 0.082
BX -0.508 0.945* -0.971* 0.921* -0.712 -0.942* 0.813 -0.925* 0.966* 0.638
NAG -0.678 0.967* -0.797 0.915* -0.776 -0.812 0.865 -0.721 0.884 -0.025
LAP 0.830 -0.713 0.794 -0.978* 0.301 0.949* -0.976* 0.863 -0.953* -1.000**
URE 0.704 -0.416 0.678 -0.818 -0.054 0.872 -0.829 0.825 -0.823 -0.544
APE -0.809 0.835 -0.834 1.000** -0.483 -0.946* 0.979** -0.856 0.973* 0.316
POD 0.652 -0.918* 0.620 -0.794 0.816 0.626 -0.767 0.509 -0.727 0.305
PPO 0.372 -0.991** 0.900* -0.808 0.889 0.798 -0.680 0.786 -0.852 -0.409

Table 6

Decomposition of the simple correlation coefficient between activity of APE with the contents of total P, available P and available N"

指标
Index		 简单相关系数
Simple correlation coefficient		 直接通径系数
Direct path coefficient		 间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
全磷Total P 有效磷Available P 有效氮Available N 合计Sum
全磷Total P 1.000 0.953 0.066 -0.019 0.047
有效磷Available P 0.979 0.068 0.929 -0.018 0.911
有效氮Available N -0.946 0.020 -0.906 -0.060 -0.966
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