Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 99-105.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.03.015

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Topdressing in Spring on Population Construction and Grain Filling Process of Winter Wheat

Zhao Qingling(), Lin Wen, Ren Aixia, Zhang Rongrong, Li Lei, Sun Min, Gao Zhiqiang()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-12-10 Revised:2021-03-03 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-22
  • Contact: Gao Zhiqiang E-mail:zhaoql19970703@163.com;gaozhiqiang1964@126.com

RichHTML

4

PDF (PC)

182

Abstract:

To clarify the reasonable topdressing technology in spring, the effects of topdressing time (10, 25, 40d after returning to green) and amount (90, 120, and 150kg/ha) on tiller dynamics, grain filling process, yield, and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat population were studied. The results showed that 25d after returning to green, topdressing significantly increased the number of tillers at the anthesis stage compared with other times, and the topdressing amount of 120kg/ha was the highest. Compared with other times, topdressing at 25d after returning to green significantly increased the initial grain filling potential, increased the time to reach the maximum grain filling rate by 1%-20%, increased the grain filling rate at the rapid and slow grain filling stages, and the topdressing amount of 120kg/ha was the best. Compared with other times, topdressing at 25d after returning to green significantly improved the dry matter quality of the plant at the mature stage and seed setting characters of the spike especially increased the number of the spike, grain number of per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield by 8%-11%, 7%-12%, 3%-5%, and 8%-30%, respectively, and significantly increased the partial factor productivity of nitrogenous fertilizer, the topdressing amount of 120kg/ha was the best. In conclusion, topdressing at 25d after returning to green could effectively regulate and control the growth and decline of winter wheat tillers in spring, increase the number of effective spikes, promote grain filling rate, increase grain weight, and topdressing amount of 120kg/ha could achieve the simultaneous improvement of yield and nitrogen efficiency.

Key words: Winter wheat, Spring topdressing, Population construction, Grain filling process, Yield, Nitrogen efficiency

Fig.1

Effects of topdressing in spring on the dynamic changes of tiller number of winter wheat The horizontal coordinates corresponding to the dotted line represent the topdressing time; 18d, 40d and 60d after turning green are jointing stage, booting stage and anthesis stage, respectively"

Fig.2

Effects of topdressing in spring on rate of group tiller changes of winter wheat RS, JS, BS, AS indicate the regreening stage, jointing stage, booting stage, and anthesis stage, respectively; the different lowercase letters show significant difference at 0.05 level, the same below"

Table 1

Effects of topdressing in spring on grain filling parameters of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 理论最高千粒重G
The theoretical maximum
1000-grain weight (g)		 起始生长势R0
The initial growth
potential		 平均灌浆速率Va
The average grain filling
rate [g/(1000-grain·d)]		 最大灌浆速率Vm
The maximum grain filling
rate [g/1000-(grain·d)]		 达最大灌浆速率时间Tm
The time to reach the maximum grain filling rate (d)
D10 N90 31.40c 0.17c 1.03c 1.56c 15.36b
N120 33.44b 0.21a 1.16a 1.74a 17.14a
N150 33.56a 0.20b 1.15b 1.73b 16.96a
平均值Mean 32.80B 0.19B 1.11B 1.67B 16.49A
D25 N90 31.83c 0.15b 1.02b 1.54c 13.41b
N120 35.06a 0.27a 1.45a 2.16a 18.27a
N150 33.73b 0.28a 1.40a 2.10b 18.48a
平均值Mean 33.54A 0.23A 1.29A 1.93A 16.72A
D40 N90 24.97c 0.16a 0.82b 1.24b 14.86a
N120 30.19a 0.16a 0.93a 1.41a 13.89ab
N150 29.72b 0.15a 0.87ab 1.32ab 12.95b
平均值Mean 28.30C 0.16C 0.87C 1.32C 13.90B

Table 2

Effects of topdressing in spring on grain filling duration and filling rate of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 灌浆持续时间
Duration of grain
filling (d)		 阶段灌浆速率
Grain filling rate
of period (g/d)
T1 T2 T3 R1 R2 R3
D10 N90 7.25c 14.61a 15.05b 0.82a 1.32b 0.39b
N120 9.39a 14.09c 15.72a 0.60b 1.48a 0.43a
N150 9.13b 14.22b 15.80a 0.62b 1.47a 0.42a
平均值Mean 8.59B 14.30B 15.52A 0.68B 1.42B 0.41B
D25 N90 5.16b 14.73a 14.00a 1.30a 1.31c 0.39c
N120 11.75a 11.93b 14.05a 0.46b 1.84a 0.53a
N150 12.02a 11.83b 13.93a 0.43b 1.78b 0.51b
平均值Mean 9.64A 12.83C 13.99B 0.73B 1.64A 0.48A
D40 N90 6.75a 14.55b 14.47b 0.73b 1.05b 0.31b
N120 5.27ab 15.52ab 15.85a 1.09ab 1.20a 0.35a
N150 3.91b 16.22a 16.10a 2.02a 1.13ab 0.33ab
平均值Mean 5.31C 15.43A 15.47A 1.28A 1.13C 0.33C

Table 3

Effects of topdressing in spring on ear traits of winter wheat"

处理Treatment 穗长
Spike
length (cm)		 单穗干重
Dry weight
per spike (g)		 结实小穗数
Number of
fertile spikelets		 结实率
Seed setting rate (%)
D10 N90 6.47c 2.55c 11.35c 79.93c
N120 6.61b 2.79b 13.45b 85.18b
N150 6.85a 2.92a 14.24a 89.28a
平均值Mean 6.64C 2.75B 13.01B 84.79B
D25 N90 7.10c 2.87c 13.93c 88.92b
N120 7.24b 3.19a 15.71a 91.71a
N150 7.45a 3.05b 14.54b 89.28b
平均值Mean 7.26A 3.04A 14.73A 89.97A
D40 N90 6.55c 2.35c 10.47c 75.76c
N120 6.97a 2.85a 12.74a 87.32a
N150 6.80b 2.65b 11.67b 81.70b
平均值Mean 6.77B 2.61C 11.62C 81.59C

Fig.3

Effects of topdressing in spring on dry matter amount of winter wheat MS indicates the maturity stage"

Table 4

Effects of topdressing in spring on yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 穗数
Spike number		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (kg/hm2)		 氮肥偏生产力
PFPN (kg/kg)
D10 N90 571.02c 40.64c 30.61c 6056.95c 31.88a
N120 586.91b 41.87b 32.81b 6973.14b 31.70a
N150 601.71a 42.57a 32.88a 7284.34a 29.14b
平均值Mean 586.55B 41.69B 32.10B 6771.48B 30.90B
D25 N90 610.00c 43.02c 31.13c 7189.01c 37.84b
N120 663.43a 44.57b 34.97a 8929.44a 40.59a
N150 629.91b 46.42a 33.11b 8234.47b 32.94c
平均值Mean 634.45A 44.67A 33.07A 8117.64A 37.12A
D40 N90 574.79a 38.77c 30.22b 5729.66c 30.16a
N120 577.04a 41.01a 32.04a 6448.83a 29.31b
N150 563.53b 40.09b 32.05a 6155.63b 24.62c
平均值Mean 571.79C 39.96C 31.44C 6111.37C 28.03C
[1] 胡卫丽, 王永华, 李刘霞 , 等. 氮密调控对两种穗型冬小麦品种茎蘖干物质积累与转运的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2014,34(6):808-815.
[2] 姜丽娜, 张凯, 宋飞 , 等. 拔节期追氮对冬小麦产量、效益及氮素吸收和利用的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2013,33(4):716-721.
[3] 尹建义, 董全才, 易杰忠 , 等. 氮肥运筹对小麦产量及品质的效应研究. 作物杂志, 2006(3):64-66.
[4] 宋佳杰, 杨佳, 崔福柱 , 等. 不同追肥时期和追肥量对晚播冬小麦籽粒产量及产量构成因素的影响. 山西农业科学, 2019,47(7):1203-1206.
[5] 张睿, 王哲笃, 华国辉 , 等. 追施氮肥对小偃22生物学特性及产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2008,25(5):841-845.
[6] 吴安昌, 黄正来, 吴延华 . 追氮时期对不同小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2010,30(2):342-345.
[7] 张耀兰, 曹承富, 李华伟 , 等. 氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦产量、品质及叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2013,33(5):965-971.
[8] 武文明, 陈洪俭, 李金才 , 等. 氮肥运筹对孕穗期受渍冬小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光与籽粒灌浆特性的影响. 作物学报, 2012,38(6):1088-1096.
[9] 张永强, 方辉, 陈传信 , 等. 遮阴和种植密度对冬小麦灌浆特性及籽粒品质的影响. 中国农业大学学报, 2019,24(5):10-19.
[10] 杜世州, 乔玉强, 李玮 , 等. 低温冷害下不同播期和播量对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特征的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2014,22(5):551-559.
[11] 张晓龙 . 小麦品种籽粒灌浆研究. 作物学报, 1982,8(2):87-93.
[12] 吴晓丽, 汤永禄, 李朝苏 , 等. 不同生育时期渍水对冬小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光及籽粒灌浆特性的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2015,23(3):309-318.
[13] Ye Y L, Wang G L, Huang Y F , et al. Understanding physiological processes associated with yield-trait relationships in modern wheat varieties. Field Crops Research, 2011,124(3):316-322.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.06.023
[14] 房琴, 王红光, 马伯威 , 等. 密度和施氮量对超高产冬小麦群体质量和产量形成的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2015,35(3):364-371.
[15] 张德奇, 季书勤, 王汉芳 , 等. 弱筋小麦郑麦004的氮磷肥运筹模式研究. 河南农业科学, 2011,40(2):50-53.
[16] 张魏斌, 孙敏, 高志强 , 等. 山西省闻喜县冬小麦水肥管理现状分析. 中国农学通报, 2016,32(24):55-62.
[17] 林同保, 崔国金, 王志强 , 等. 拔节期水氮运筹对冬小麦籽粒灌浆期叶片光合特性及水分利用效率的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2009,29(4):627-631.
[18] 刘建华, 牛俊义, 闫志利 . 施肥量和播种密度对陇东优质冬小麦灌浆期生理特性的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2009,17(5):890-894.
[19] 翟云龙, 魏燕华, 张海林 , 等. 耕种方式对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2017,35(4):211-216.
[20] 李金鹏, 王志敏, 张琪 , 等. 微喷灌和氮肥用量对冬小麦籽粒灌浆和氮素吸收利用的影响. 华北农学报, 2016,31(S1):1-10.
[21] 朱庆森, 曹显祖, 骆亦其 . 水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析. 作物学报, 1988(3):182-193.
[22] 王小纯, 岳汉, 马新明 , 等. 不同农艺措施对冬小麦分蘖动态和成穗数影响的研究. 河南农业大学学报, 1999(3):6-9.
[23] 李志坚, 周道玮, 胡跃高 . 不同积温和种植密度对饲用黑麦分蘖动态的影响. 应用生态学报, 2004(3):413-419.
[24] Roberts J R, Peeper T F, Solie J B . Wheat (Triticum aestivum) row spacing,seeding rate,and cultivar affect interference from rye (Secale cereale). Weed Technology, 2001,15(1):19-25.
doi: 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0019:WTARSS]2.0.CO;2
[25] 崔振岭, 陈新平, 张福锁 , 等. 华北平原小麦施肥现状及影响小麦产量的因素分析. 华北农学报, 2008,23(S1):224-229.
[26] 李斌, 董召荣, 葛琳琳 , 等. 密度和氮肥运筹对超高产小麦产量和群体质量的影响. 安徽农业大学学报, 2009(3):446-450.
[27] 聂卫滔 . 氮肥运筹对不同小麦品种产量及品质的影响. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2018.
[28] 李友军, 胡铁良 . 拔节期重施氮肥对小麦群体质量和产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 1997(5):41-45.
[29] 赵士诚, 沙之敏, 何萍 . 不同氮肥管理措施在华北平原冬小麦上的应用效果. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011(3):5-12.
[30] 王瑞霞, 张秀英, 伍玲 , 等. 不同生态环境条件下小麦籽粒灌浆速率及千粒重QTL分析. 作物学报, 2008,34(10):1750-1756.
[31] 冯素伟, 胡铁柱, 李淦 , 等. 不同小麦品种籽粒灌浆特性分析. 麦类作物学报, 2009,29(4):643-646.
[32] 吴少辉, 高海涛, 张学品 , 等. 播期对不同习性小麦品种籽粒灌浆特性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2004,24(4):105-107.
[33] 裴雪霞, 王姣爱, 党建友 , 等. 播期对优质小麦籽粒灌浆特性及旗叶光合特性的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2008(1):127-134.
[34] 郭天财, 岳艳军, 马冬云 , 等. 追氮时期对冬小麦籽粒灌浆及淀粉特性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2007,27(5):836-840.
[1] Pan Gaofeng, Wang Benfu, Chen Bo, Fang Zhenbing, Zhao Shasha, Tian Yonghong. Effects of Seeding Date on Yield, Growth Period and Utilization of Temperature and Sunshine of Different Types of Japonica Rice in North Central of Hubei Province [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 105-111.
[2] Gao Jie, Feng Guangcai, Li Xiaorong, Li Qingfeng, Wang Can, Zhang Guobing, Zhou Lengbo, Peng Qiu. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Use Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum Cultivar "Hongyingzi" [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 118-122.
[3] Tong Tianyi, Cai Jianxuan, Zhang Jisheng, Li Lin, Ma Lin, He Roujing, Tang Xiangru. Effects of Fertilizer Types on Yield, Quality and Aroma of Fragrant Rice [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 152-158.
[4] Wang Qingbin, Nie Zhentian, Lu Jiechun, Peng Chun’e, Zhang Min, Meng Hui, Liu Zhiguo, Geng Quanzheng. Effects of Paecilomyces variotii Extract on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Summer Maize [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 166-171.
[5] Wu Ke, Xie Huimin, Liu Wenqi, Mo Bingmao, Wei Guoliang, Lu Xian, Li Zhuanglin, Deng Senxia, Wei Shanqing, Liang He, Jiang Ligeng. Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Rice Grain Yield and Yield Components in Double Cropping Rice Area of Southern China [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 178-183.
[6] Wang Zhihua, Zhang Lingyun, Wei Lixing. Comparison Test of Different Triticale Varieties in Winter Fallow Saline Farmland [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 191-195.
[7] Liu Tianhao, Zhang Yifei, Wang Huaipeng, Yang Kejun, Zhang Jinsong, Sun Yishan, Xiao Shanshan, Xu Rongqiong, Du Jiarui, Li Jiayu, Peng Cheng, Wang Baosheng. Regulating Effects of Foliar Spraying Silicon Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation, Grain Yield and Quality of Maize in Cold Region [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 112-117.
[8] Liu Xuetong, Zheng Chunlian, Cao Wei, Dang Hongkai, Cao Caiyun, Li Xiaoshuang, Li Kejiang, Ma Junyong. Effects of Long-Term Located Fertilization on Soil Organic Matter, Nitrogen Forms and Crop Yields [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 130-135.
[9] Liang Qian, Wu Qingshan, Ge Junzhu, Wu Xidong, Yang Yong’an, Hou Haipeng, Zhang Yao, Ma Zhiqi. Effects of Sowing Date on Rain-Fed Summer Maize Yield Formation and Resource Utilization in North China Plain [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 136-143.
[10] Zhao Baoping, Liu Jinghui, Ren Changzhong. Research Progress of Physiological Mechanism of Yield Formation in Oats [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 1-7.
[11] Wu Zhifeng, Liu Kaili, Le Lihong, Chen Zhongping, Tang Shuangqin, Li Zujun, Han Ruicai, Zeng Yanhua, Zeng Yongjun, Pan Xiaohua, Shi Qinghua, Wu Ziming. Study on Relieving Cold Stress of Direct-Seeded Late Rice at Heading Stage by Chemical Control [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 114-119.
[12] Zhang Jie, Chen Xin, Gao Fangfang, Ma Yajun, Liu Yanyan, Wu Cainü. Effects of Increased Application of Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Red Kidney Bean [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 161-166.
[13] Meng Xiangyu, Ran Cheng, Liu Baolong, Zhao Zhexuan, Bai Jingjing, Geng Yanqiu. Effects of Straw Returning to Field and Nitrogen Application on Soil Nutrients and Rice Yield in Black Soil Areas of Northeast China [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 167-172.
[14] Zhao Xuanwei, Zhao Yajie, Tian Zhendong, Hu Shuping, Zhao Rong, Ren Yaning, Bao Haizhu, Gao Julin. Response of Dry Matter Transportion and Yield to Sowing Date and Planting Density on Sunflower [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 185-189.
[15] Chu Guanghong, Zhang Jianxin, Wang Cong, Zhao Zhanying. Effects of Topping at Different Nodes at Seedling Stage on Root Growth and Yield of High-Yield Spring Soybean [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 195-201.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!