Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 99-105.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.03.015

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Effects of Topdressing in Spring on Population Construction and Grain Filling Process of Winter Wheat

Zhao Qingling(), Lin Wen, Ren Aixia, Zhang Rongrong, Li Lei, Sun Min, Gao Zhiqiang()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-12-10 Revised:2021-03-03 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-22
  • Contact: Gao Zhiqiang E-mail:zhaoql19970703@163.com;gaozhiqiang1964@126.com

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Abstract:

To clarify the reasonable topdressing technology in spring, the effects of topdressing time (10, 25, 40d after returning to green) and amount (90, 120, and 150kg/ha) on tiller dynamics, grain filling process, yield, and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat population were studied. The results showed that 25d after returning to green, topdressing significantly increased the number of tillers at the anthesis stage compared with other times, and the topdressing amount of 120kg/ha was the highest. Compared with other times, topdressing at 25d after returning to green significantly increased the initial grain filling potential, increased the time to reach the maximum grain filling rate by 1%-20%, increased the grain filling rate at the rapid and slow grain filling stages, and the topdressing amount of 120kg/ha was the best. Compared with other times, topdressing at 25d after returning to green significantly improved the dry matter quality of the plant at the mature stage and seed setting characters of the spike especially increased the number of the spike, grain number of per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield by 8%-11%, 7%-12%, 3%-5%, and 8%-30%, respectively, and significantly increased the partial factor productivity of nitrogenous fertilizer, the topdressing amount of 120kg/ha was the best. In conclusion, topdressing at 25d after returning to green could effectively regulate and control the growth and decline of winter wheat tillers in spring, increase the number of effective spikes, promote grain filling rate, increase grain weight, and topdressing amount of 120kg/ha could achieve the simultaneous improvement of yield and nitrogen efficiency.

Key words: Winter wheat, Spring topdressing, Population construction, Grain filling process, Yield, Nitrogen efficiency

Fig.1

Effects of topdressing in spring on the dynamic changes of tiller number of winter wheat The horizontal coordinates corresponding to the dotted line represent the topdressing time; 18d, 40d and 60d after turning green are jointing stage, booting stage and anthesis stage, respectively"

Fig.2

Effects of topdressing in spring on rate of group tiller changes of winter wheat RS, JS, BS, AS indicate the regreening stage, jointing stage, booting stage, and anthesis stage, respectively; the different lowercase letters show significant difference at 0.05 level, the same below"

Table 1

Effects of topdressing in spring on grain filling parameters of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 理论最高千粒重G
The theoretical maximum
1000-grain weight (g)		 起始生长势R0
The initial growth
potential		 平均灌浆速率Va
The average grain filling
rate [g/(1000-grain·d)]		 最大灌浆速率Vm
The maximum grain filling
rate [g/1000-(grain·d)]		 达最大灌浆速率时间Tm
The time to reach the maximum grain filling rate (d)
D10 N90 31.40c 0.17c 1.03c 1.56c 15.36b
N120 33.44b 0.21a 1.16a 1.74a 17.14a
N150 33.56a 0.20b 1.15b 1.73b 16.96a
平均值Mean 32.80B 0.19B 1.11B 1.67B 16.49A
D25 N90 31.83c 0.15b 1.02b 1.54c 13.41b
N120 35.06a 0.27a 1.45a 2.16a 18.27a
N150 33.73b 0.28a 1.40a 2.10b 18.48a
平均值Mean 33.54A 0.23A 1.29A 1.93A 16.72A
D40 N90 24.97c 0.16a 0.82b 1.24b 14.86a
N120 30.19a 0.16a 0.93a 1.41a 13.89ab
N150 29.72b 0.15a 0.87ab 1.32ab 12.95b
平均值Mean 28.30C 0.16C 0.87C 1.32C 13.90B

Table 2

Effects of topdressing in spring on grain filling duration and filling rate of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 灌浆持续时间
Duration of grain
filling (d)		 阶段灌浆速率
Grain filling rate
of period (g/d)
T1 T2 T3 R1 R2 R3
D10 N90 7.25c 14.61a 15.05b 0.82a 1.32b 0.39b
N120 9.39a 14.09c 15.72a 0.60b 1.48a 0.43a
N150 9.13b 14.22b 15.80a 0.62b 1.47a 0.42a
平均值Mean 8.59B 14.30B 15.52A 0.68B 1.42B 0.41B
D25 N90 5.16b 14.73a 14.00a 1.30a 1.31c 0.39c
N120 11.75a 11.93b 14.05a 0.46b 1.84a 0.53a
N150 12.02a 11.83b 13.93a 0.43b 1.78b 0.51b
平均值Mean 9.64A 12.83C 13.99B 0.73B 1.64A 0.48A
D40 N90 6.75a 14.55b 14.47b 0.73b 1.05b 0.31b
N120 5.27ab 15.52ab 15.85a 1.09ab 1.20a 0.35a
N150 3.91b 16.22a 16.10a 2.02a 1.13ab 0.33ab
平均值Mean 5.31C 15.43A 15.47A 1.28A 1.13C 0.33C

Table 3

Effects of topdressing in spring on ear traits of winter wheat"

处理Treatment 穗长
Spike
length (cm)		 单穗干重
Dry weight
per spike (g)		 结实小穗数
Number of
fertile spikelets		 结实率
Seed setting rate (%)
D10 N90 6.47c 2.55c 11.35c 79.93c
N120 6.61b 2.79b 13.45b 85.18b
N150 6.85a 2.92a 14.24a 89.28a
平均值Mean 6.64C 2.75B 13.01B 84.79B
D25 N90 7.10c 2.87c 13.93c 88.92b
N120 7.24b 3.19a 15.71a 91.71a
N150 7.45a 3.05b 14.54b 89.28b
平均值Mean 7.26A 3.04A 14.73A 89.97A
D40 N90 6.55c 2.35c 10.47c 75.76c
N120 6.97a 2.85a 12.74a 87.32a
N150 6.80b 2.65b 11.67b 81.70b
平均值Mean 6.77B 2.61C 11.62C 81.59C

Fig.3

Effects of topdressing in spring on dry matter amount of winter wheat MS indicates the maturity stage"

Table 4

Effects of topdressing in spring on yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 穗数
Spike number		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (kg/hm2)		 氮肥偏生产力
PFPN (kg/kg)
D10 N90 571.02c 40.64c 30.61c 6056.95c 31.88a
N120 586.91b 41.87b 32.81b 6973.14b 31.70a
N150 601.71a 42.57a 32.88a 7284.34a 29.14b
平均值Mean 586.55B 41.69B 32.10B 6771.48B 30.90B
D25 N90 610.00c 43.02c 31.13c 7189.01c 37.84b
N120 663.43a 44.57b 34.97a 8929.44a 40.59a
N150 629.91b 46.42a 33.11b 8234.47b 32.94c
平均值Mean 634.45A 44.67A 33.07A 8117.64A 37.12A
D40 N90 574.79a 38.77c 30.22b 5729.66c 30.16a
N120 577.04a 41.01a 32.04a 6448.83a 29.31b
N150 563.53b 40.09b 32.05a 6155.63b 24.62c
平均值Mean 571.79C 39.96C 31.44C 6111.37C 28.03C
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