Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 230-235.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.037

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Innovative Rice Cropping for Higher Yield and Less CH4 Emission under Crop Straw Incorporation

Zhang Jun1,2(), Deng Aixing1, Shang Ziyin1, Tang Zhiwei1, Yan Shengji1, Zhang Weijian1,2()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture and Rural Region, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2021-11-15 Revised:2021-11-18 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-16
  • Contact: Zhang Weijian E-mail:zhangjun@caas.cn;Zhangweijian@caas.cn

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Abstract:

Based on the National Key Research and Development Program of The 13th Five-Year Plan, the authors presented an innovative and practical rice cropping model of crop straw aerobic incorporation for higher yield and less CH4 emission. The comprehensive benefits and the key technical points of this cropping model application in a large scale were summarized and analyzed. The key techniques included crop straw chopping and uniform throwing, dry or wet soil tillage, dense planting with nitrogen regulation and water control. These practices could improve the permeability of soil layer and the oxygen transport capacity, anti-lodging and anti-aging capacity of rice plant. Consequently, the new cropping model could increase the oxygen contents of paddy soil layer and rice rhizosphere, and achieve the synergy of high yield and CH4 emission reduction under crop straw incorporation. In the large-scale demonstration in China's main rice cropping regions, compared to the traditional cropping model, the innovative model could get increases in N use efficiency by 30.2%-36.0%, in net income by 8.3%-9.7% and decrease in CH4 emission by 31.7%-75.7% while maintaining high rice yield. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions of government incentive and supporting technology for this new model demonstration.

Key words: Rice production, Straw incorporation, Farming system, Methane emission reduction, Food security, Carbon neutrality

Table 1

Key technical points of conventional model and optimized model in three main rice planting regions"

稻区
Region		 模式
Model		 耕作方式
Tillage		 氮肥施用方式
Nitrogen application		 栽插密度
Planting density		 水分
管理
ITS
单季稻
Single rice
常规模式

秸秆粉碎还田（粉碎长度约10cm,下同）;春翻耕（深度18~20cm）;春季浅泡水,常规有动力打浆整地 纯氮180kg/hm2,基肥:蘖肥:穗
肥=40%:30%:30%
行距30cm;
株距13.3cm
浅水1~3cm
稻作新模式


秸秆粉碎匀抛还田（≤10cm）;秋季1年翻1年旋,翻耕18~20cm,反旋>15cm;翻耕田灌水到淹没最高垡片的2/3处（见水见土）,旋耕稻田高出土面2~3cm;免搅浆整地 基肥氮减总氮量的20%,纯氮
144kg/hm2,将占总氮20%的穗肥
调至蘖肥。基肥:蘖肥:穗肥=
25%:62.5%:12.5%		 行距30cm;
株距10cm

湿润
灌溉

稻麦两熟
Rice-wheat		 常规模式
秸秆粉碎还田（10cm）;先上水泡田后薄水旋耕,旋耕深度12~15cm;常规有动力打浆机整地 纯氮270kg/hm2,基肥:蘖肥:穗
肥=30%:40%:30%		 行距30cm;
株距14cm		 浅水1~3cm
稻作新模式


秸秆粉碎匀抛还田（≤10cm）;水稻季旱翻耕+反旋碎垡埋茬、小麦季旋耕,翻耕深度25~
30cm,旋耕12~15cm;浅水1~2cm泡田;免搅浆整地		 穗肥氮减总氮量的20%,纯氮
216kg/hm2,基蘖肥不变。基肥:蘖肥:穗肥=37.5%:50%:12.5%
行距30cm;
株距12cm

湿润
灌溉

双季稻
Double rice
常规模式

秸秆粉碎还田（约10cm）;每季水稻移栽前1周内旋耕稻田2遍（深度约15cm）,之后人工插秧
纯氮165kg/hm2（早稻）,195kg/hm2（晚稻）,基肥:蘖肥:穗肥=
50%:20%:30%		 行距25cm;
早稻株距13cm,
晚稻株距16cm		 浅水1~3cm
稻作新模式


秸秆粉碎匀抛还田（≤10cm）;冬季1年翻耕、2年免耕,冬季翻耕20~25cm,春季旱（湿）反旋（>15cm）埋茬,夏季旱（湿）反旋（>15cm）埋茬;浅水1~2cm泡田;免搅浆整地 穗肥氮减总氮量的20%,纯氮
132kg/hm2（早稻）,156kg/hm2
（晚稻）;基蘖肥不变。基肥:蘖
肥:穗肥=62.5%:25%:12.5%		 行距25cm;
早稻株距11cm,
晚稻株距13cm
湿润
灌溉

Table 2

Comparison of rice yield, partial factor productivity of nitrogen and net income during rice growth duration of different models in main rice planting regions"

稻区
Region		 模式
Model		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 氮肥偏生产力
Partial factor productivity of nitrogen (%)		 净收益（元/hm2）
Net income (yuan/hm2)
单季稻Single rice 常规模式 8 582.8a 47.7b 10 786
稻作新模式 8 938.3a 62.1a 11 730
稻麦两熟Rice-wheat 常规模式 10 330.2a 38.3b 16 942
稻作新模式 11 239.7a 52.0a 18 577
双季稻Double rice 常规模式 16 418.7b 45.6b 12 871
稻作新模式 17 489.1a 60.8a 13 936

Table 3

Differences of greenhouse gas emission of different models in main rice planting regions"

稻区
Region		 模式
Model		 CH4排放
CH4 emission
(kg/hm2)		 N2O排放
N2O emission
(kg/hm2)		 单位面积温室气体排放
Area-scaled greenhouse gas emission
(kg CO2-eq/hm2)		 单位产量温室气体排放量
Yield-scaled greenhouse gas emission
(kg CO2-eq/kg)
单季稻 常规模式 264.4a 0.74a 6 829.1a 0.82a
Single rice 稻作新模式 180.5b 0.55a 4 676.7b 0.54b
稻麦两熟 常规模式 329.5a 1.79a 9 701.0a 0.94a
Rice-wheat 稻作新模式 80.1b 1.89a 2 743.0b 0.25b
双季稻 常规模式 538.6a 0.46a 13 466.0a 0.82a
Double rice 稻作新模式 362.1b 0.37a 9 053.0b 0.52b

Fig.1

Diagram of tillage pattern for straw aerobic incorporation"

Fig.2

Controlled irrigation in rice tillering stage (a) and early grain-filling stage (b)"

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