Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 134-142.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.02.019

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Effects of Topdressing Nitrogen Rates on Yield and Photosynthetic Performance of Different Quality Types of Wheat

Ma Ruiqi1,2(), Wang Demei1, Wang Yanjie1, Yang Yushuang1, Zhao Guangcai1,*(), Chang Xuhong1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2College of Agronomy,Shandong Agriculture University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-09-09 Revised:2021-12-16 Online:2022-04-15 Published:2022-04-24
  • Contact: Zhao Guangcai,Chang Xuhong E-mail:18234475334@163.com;zhaoguangcai@caas.cn;changxuhong@caas.cn

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Abstract:

The experiment was carried out at the Beijing Experimental Base of the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2016-2017. A two-factor randomized block design was used to study the effects of topdressing nitrogen rates on the yield and physiological indicators of different gluten wheat. The tested materials were medium gluten varieties from the Huanghuai winter wheat area (Zhongmai 8 and Zhongmai 175); weak gluten varieties from the winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Yangmai 22 and Yangmai 15). The results showed that increasing the rates of topdressing nitrogen had an increasing effect on the contents of chlorophyll a and b in the flag leaves and was more conducive to the formation of chlorophyll b. The effect was most obvious when the topdressing nitrogen rate was 135kg/ha. Under the experiment conditions, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf temperature of flag leaves of each wheat variety gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen topdressing rates and the growth rate also gradually increased with the highest nitrogen topping amount of 135kg/ha. The intercellular CO2 concentration of the flag leaf gradually decreased with the increase of the rates of topdressing nitrogen and all varieties showed the same trend of change. The grain yields of medium-gluten wheat varieties was significantly higher than that of weak-gluten wheat varieties. In the topdressing nitrogen range of 75-135kg/ha, the grain yield, the number of spikes, grains number per spike, 1000-grain weight, and the biological yield of each variety increased significantly with the increase of topdressing nitrogen rates and it reached the highest at 135kg/ha. In summary, under the same ecological conditions in this experiment, applying nitrogen fertilizer at the jointing stage was beneficial to increase the chlorophyll content of flag leaves of middle-gluten and weak-gluten wheat, improved its photosynthetic performance, promoted the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen by plants, and increased yield.

Key words: Wheat, Quality type, Yield, Photosynthetic performance, Topdressing nitrogen rate

Fig.1

The chlorophyll contents of flag leaves of different wheat cultivars after anthesis"

Fig.2

Effects of topdressing nitrogen rates on chlorophyll contents of wheat flag leaves after anthesis"

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on chlorophyll contents of wheat flag leaves after anthesis"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 Chla [mg/(g FW)] Chlb [mg/(g FW)]
开花后天数Days after anthesis 开花后天数Days after anthesis
0d 7d 14d 21d 28d 0d 7d 14d 21d 28d
中麦8号Zhongmai 8 B1 3.46f 3.98g 3.40h 2.08j 1.58bc 1.18abc 1.28abc 0.96nh 0.49j 0.33e
B2 3.58ef 4.06fg 3.41gh 2.16i 1.66b 1.08e 1.31abc 1.02fg 0.54i 0.38d
B3 3.68de 4.47bc 3.75c 2.35h 1.85a 1.17abc 1.32abc 1.03f 0.63h 0.44b
中麦175 Zhongmai 175 B1 3.60ef 4.09f 3.39h 2.43g 1.15e 1.21ab 1.07d 0.96h 0.73g 0.37d
B2 4.01c 4.38cd 3.45g 2.55ef 1.35d 1.08e 1.20c 0.99g 0.78f 0.39cd
B3 4.14b 4.44c 3.62de 2.67b 1.50c 1.10de 1.23bc 1.05e 0.82de 0.46a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 B1 4.18b 4.42cd 3.51f 2.63bc 1.13e 1.16bc 1.30abc 1.14c 0.84d 0.33e
B2 4.34a 4.53ab 3.66d 2.67b 1.40d 1.22a 1.27abc 1.30a 0.89bc 0.39cd
B3 4.42a 4.56a 4.02a 2.76a 1.56c 1.09de 1.34ab 1.31a 0.99a 0.40c
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 B1 3.49fg 4.26e 3.43gh 2.50f 1.15e 1.17bc 1.04d 1.11d 0.80ef 0.33e
B2 3.80d 4.34de 3.61e 2.56de 1.36d 1.13cd 1.29abc 1.16c 0.87c 0.40c
B3 4.12b 4.38cd 3.95b 2.60cd 1.40d 1.16bc 1.38a 1.25b 0.92b 0.44b
中麦8号Zhongmai 8 B1 5.26de 3.98g 4.35h 2.57i 1.91cd 2.93f 3.11d 3.54b 4.27a 4.80a
B2 4.66f 5.37d 4.42g 2.70h 2.04b 3.32d 3.35d 4.02b 4.38b 0.44b
B3 4.86e 5.78ab 4.78d 2.99g 2.29a 3.14e 3.40cd 3.65a 3.72c 4.19b
中麦175 Zhongmai 175 B1 4.81ef 5.16e 4.35h 3.16f 1.52g 2.99f 3.84ab 3.51bc 3.33d 3.11g
B2 5.09cd 5.57c 4.44g 3.32e 1.74f 3.70bc 3.71bc 3.47bc 3.27de 3.46de
B3 5.25bc 5.66bc 4.68e 3.49c 1.97bc 3.75b 3.62bc 3.44c 3.24de 3.25efg
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 B1 5.34b 5.72bc 4.66e 3.47cd 1.45g 3.59c 3.40cd 3.08e 3.13def 3.45de
B2 5.56a 5.80ab 4.96c 3.56b 1.79ef 3.56c 3.58bc 2.82f 2.99fg 3.60d
B3 5.51a 5.90a 5.33a 3.75a 1.97bc 4.07a 3.42cd 3.07e 2.80g 3.87c
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 B1 4.66f 5.30de 4.54f 3.30e 1.48g 3.00ef 4.11a 3.09e 3.12ef 3.43de
B2 4.93de 5.63de 4.76d 3.43d 1.76ef 3.35d 3.36cd 3.11e 2.93fg 3.38ef
B3 5.29b 5.76ab 5.20b 3.52bc 1.84de 3.55c 3.18d 3.15e 2.84g 3.18fg

Fig.3

Effects of topdressing nitrogen rates on Pn of wheat flag leaves after anthesis"

Fig.4

Effects of topdressing nitrogen rates on Gs of wheat flag leaves after anthesis"

Fig.5

Effects of topdressing nitrogen rates on Ci of wheat flag leaves after anthesis"

Fig.6

Effects of topdressing nitrogen rates on Tr of wheat flag leaves after anthesis"

Fig.7

Effects of topdressing nitrogen rates on temperature of wheat flag leaves after anthesis"

Table 2

Comparison of yield components and PFPN of wheat among different varieties and topdressing treatments"

品种/处理
Variety/Treatment		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg/hm2)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 穗数
Ears number
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 生物产量
Biological yield
(kg/hm2)		 氮肥偏生产力
PFPN (kg/kg)
中麦8号Zhongmai 8 8 038.0a 40.67a 563.3b 33.04c 17 978.9b 38.7a
中麦175 Zhongmai 175 8 037.2a 40.91a 675.0a 32.38c 21 662.3a 38.7a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 6 937.1b 40.02b 504.3c 40.84a 16 550.2c 33.4b
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 6 624.5b 40.96a 440.4d 37.96b 14 907.1d 31.9b
B1 7 156.9b 40.03c 529.0b 34.73b 16 601.4c 39.8a
B2 7 432.0a 40.54b 539.8b 36.32ab 17 305.1b 35.4b
B3 7 638.7a 41.35a 568.5a 37.12a 19 417.3a 31.8c

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on wheat yield components and PFPN"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg/hm2)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 穗数
Ears number
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 生物产量
Biological yield
(kg/hm2)		 氮肥偏生产力
PFPN (kg/kg)
中麦8号 B1 7 696.0abcd 40.16def 569.7b 32.33de 17 745.0d 42.8a
Zhongmai 8 B2 8 038.7ab 40.74bcd 545.7bc 33.07de 16 278.3e 38.3b
B3 8 379.2a 41.11bc 574.5b 33.73cde 19 913.4c 34.9bcd
中麦175 B1 7 814.1abc 39.91def 670.2a 31.33e 20 188.7c 43.4a
Zhongmai 175 B2 8 057.3ab 40.37cdef 675.0a 32.13e 21 552.9b 38.4b
B3 8 240.2a 42.44a 679.8a 33.67cde 23 245.2a 34.3bcde
扬麦22 B1 6 711.7de 39.66f 483.5e 38.20abc 14 562.0f 37.3bc
Yangmai 22 B2 6 934.0cde 39.87ef 507.5de 41.93a 16 602.5e 33.0cde
B3 7 165.6bcde 40.55bcde 521.8cd 42.40a 18 486.1d 29.9ef
扬麦15 B1 6 406.0e 40.38cdef 392.6g 37.07bcd 13 910.0f 35.6bcd
Yangmai 15 B2 6 697.8de 41.19bc 430.9f 38.13abc 14 786.8f 31.9def
B3 6 769.6de 41.30b 497.9de 38.67ab 16 024.3e 28.2f
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