Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 127-133.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.02.018

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Effects of Different Soil Surface Structures on Wheat Growth, Development and Yield

Zhou Yuzhuang1,2(), Wang Rui1,2, Yao Zhaosheng1,2, Zhang Weijun1,2, Liu Tao1,2,*(), Sun Chengming1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Physiology/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiological/College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    3Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Safety of the Ministry of Education/Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-03-17 Revised:2021-07-08 Online:2022-04-15 Published:2022-04-24
  • Contact: Liu Tao,Sun Chengming E-mail:1015189531@qq.com;34626459@qq.com;cmsun@yzu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

The effects of soil surface structure on wheat growth, development and yield were determined by artificial screening of soils with eight degrees (Ⅰ-Ⅷ) of soil surface structure. The results showed that, under the soil surface structure of gradeⅠ-Ⅲ, the yield with denser sowing was 6718.54, 7375.04 and 8109.96kg/ha, the yields with sparse sowing were 5997.34, 6822.02 and 7789.55kg/ha, and moderate sowing, the yields were 7267.31, 7933.88 and 8570.04kg/ha, respectively. Denser or less sowing was not conductive to the formation of yield, the moderate density was beneficial to building a high-yielding and highly efficient population, and the wheat yield was the highest. Under the grade Ⅳ-Ⅷ soil surface structure, denser sowing was beneficial to high-yield, while sparse sowing was the lowest. Root activities, total tillering number, leaf area indexes, SPAD, nitrogen accumulation were better than that of other grades under the soil surface structure of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The total root length, plant height, dry matter weight per plant and other indicators were better under the grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Compared with the surface structure of other soil surface structure, the data on root activity, root morphology, population quality indexes, yield etc, showed the construction of high-yield and high-performance populations.

Key words: Wheat, Soil surface structure, Root, Population quality, Yield

Table 1

Classification and composition of test soil mm"

土壤级级
Soil grade		 最大土块粒径
Maximum soil
particle size		 土块粒径Soil particle size
<5 [5~15) [15~50) [50~80) ≥80
Ⅰ 4 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Ⅱ 12 60% 40% 0% 0% 0%
Ⅲ 22 45% 36% 19% 0% 0%
Ⅳ 34 38% 34% 28% 0% 0%
Ⅴ 48 35% 33% 32% 0% 0%
Ⅵ 64 31% 28% 26% 15% 0%
Ⅶ 82 30% 24% 20% 16% 10%
Ⅷ 102 28% 21% 17% 15% 19%

Table 2

Effects of soil surface structure on root activities of wheat at different growth stages μg/(g·h)"

土壤等级
Soil grade		 分蘖期Tillering stage 拔节期Jointing stage
S J M 平均Average S J M 平均Average
Ⅰ 118.29 124.48 114.42 119.07 124.21 137.58 116.74 126.18
Ⅱ 123.10 138.71 120.46 127.42 134.15 140.20 122.24 132.20
Ⅲ 137.67 152.38 126.15 138.73 143.72 156.41 131.80 143.98
Ⅳ 147.20 159.14 133.28 146.54 153.45 168.79 139.48 153.91
Ⅴ 130.64 142.04 122.84 131.84 145.18 153.59 123.60 140.79
Ⅵ 129.11 127.86 116.44 124.47 130.89 141.37 119.30 130.52
Ⅶ 114.08 121.10 102.21 112.47 128.16 134.26 114.28 125.57
Ⅷ 107.42 117.30 97.71 107.48 115.68 122.24 101.15 113.02

Table 3

Effects of soil surface structure on total root length of wheat cm"

土壤等级
Soil grade		 分蘖期Tillering stage 拔节期Jointing stage
S J M 平均Average S J M 平均Average
Ⅰ 56.26 73.74 77.56 69.05 108.63 123.82 135.16 122.54
Ⅱ 62.56 74.85 82.34 73.25 112.88 126.09 136.91 125.29
Ⅲ 78.13 86.76 91.69 85.53 125.70 132.84 159.62 139.39
Ⅳ 87.48 95.06 102.65 95.06 138.52 147.89 160.37 148.93
Ⅴ 65.33 76.41 91.75 77.83 118.98 134.61 145.15 132.91
Ⅵ 54.33 65.38 85.02 68.24 110.06 118.16 138.15 122.12
Ⅶ 54.28 55.25 72.90 60.81 105.10 96.02 110.43 103.85
Ⅷ 43.49 58.22 69.75 57.15 87.13 94.92 105.24 95.76

Table 4

Effects of soil surface structure on root surface area of wheat cm2"

土壤等级
Soil grade		 分蘖期Tillering stage 拔节期Jointing stage
S J M 平均Average S J M 平均Average
Ⅰ 7.61 7.58 6.36 7.18 12.12 15.05 10.23 12.47
Ⅱ 7.95 8.15 6.35 7.48 13.92 17.84 11.25 14.34
Ⅲ 7.01 8.89 7.75 7.88 14.44 18.21 12.87 15.17
Ⅳ 8.29 8.93 7.64 8.29 16.74 18.99 12.59 16.11
Ⅴ 7.41 8.39 6.13 7.31 15.39 16.86 12.11 14.79
Ⅵ 6.78 7.96 6.05 6.93 11.64 15.62 10.78 12.68
Ⅶ 5.68 7.84 5.81 6.44 9.99 11.61 8.85 10.15
Ⅷ 5.21 7.63 4.51 5.78 8.97 9.53 6.66 8.39

Table 5

Effect of soil surface structure on average root diameter of wheat mm"

土壤等级
Soil grade		 分蘖期Tillering stage 拔节期Jointing stage
S J M 平均Average S J M 平均Average
Ⅰ 0.2785 0.2916 0.3268 0.2990 0.2957 0.3609 0.3691 0.3419
Ⅱ 0.2912 0.3157 0.3300 0.3123 0.3495 0.4023 0.4199 0.3906
Ⅲ 0.3217 0.3340 0.3496 0.3351 0.3765 0.4041 0.4312 0.4039
Ⅳ 0.3067 0.3175 0.3310 0.3184 0.3936 0.4049 0.4203 0.4063
Ⅴ 0.2957 0.3061 0.3292 0.3103 0.3431 0.4062 0.4148 0.3880
Ⅵ 0.2943 0.3011 0.3228 0.3061 0.3252 0.3539 0.3936 0.3576
Ⅶ 0.2815 0.2986 0.3163 0.2988 0.3079 0.3462 0.3612 0.3384
Ⅷ 0.2761 0.2866 0.3014 0.2881 0.2948 0.3290 0.3560 0.3266

Table 6

Effects of soil surface structure on quality indexes of wheat population at flowering stage"

土壤等级
Soil grade		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 干物质重
Dry matter weight (kg/hm2)		 LAI 茎蘖数
Tiller number (×104/hm2)
S J M 平均
Average		 S J M 平均
Average		 S J M 平均
Average		 S J M 平均
Average
Ⅰ 66.55 75.10 79.61 73.75 6597.41 7794.32 9469.83 7953.85 3.33 4.07 4.86 4.09 318.28 408.81 480.34 402.48
Ⅱ 59.35 70.91 76.65 68.97 6930.38 8584.00 10378.64 8631.01 3.29 4.20 5.57 4.35 384.83 477.61 510.02 457.49
Ⅲ 60.52 69.63 73.56 67.90 7850.59 9071.26 10492.13 9137.99 3.80 4.63 5.71 4.71 426.41 515.63 532.04 491.36
Ⅳ 61.31 70.14 78.52 69.99 8233.02 9757.98 11328.27 9773.09 3.96 4.61 5.93 4.83 459.91 512.24 554.16 508.77
Ⅴ 65.44 71.22 73.71 70.12 7053.17 8968.40 10652.22 8891.26 3.00 4.76 5.79 4.52 403.92 472.68 534.61 470.40
Ⅵ 68.95 72.32 77.91 73.06 7014.14 8262.63 9881.83 8386.20 3.33 3.88 5.55 4.25 354.62 421.21 508.56 428.13
Ⅶ 69.63 74.61 80.25 74.83 6984.49 8115.70 9453.20 8184.46 3.17 4.21 5.18 4.19 370.08 405.52 472.04 415.88
Ⅷ 70.44 74.61 83.37 76.14 5826.36 7708.84 9521.05 7685.42 3.15 3.63 4.95 3.91 322.02 372.41 452.41 382.28

Fig.1

Effects of soil surface structure on SPAD of flag leaf of wheat at flowering stage"

Fig.2

Effects of soil surface structure on nitrogen contents of wheat at flowering stage"

Table 7

Effects of soil surface structure on yield and its compositions of wheat at ripe stage"

土壤等级
Soil grade		 穗数
Spike number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重
1000-seed weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
S J M S J M S J M S J M 平均Average
Ⅰ 318.01 462.04 487.21 44.77 39.63 37.44 42.13 39.69 36.83 5997.34 7267.31 6718.54 6661.06
Ⅱ 371.80 496.69 535.78 44.03 40.52 37.36 41.67 39.43 36.84 6822.02 7933.88 7375.04 7376.98
Ⅲ 400.39 515.18 552.03 43.60 40.09 38.15 44.62 41.49 38.51 7789.55 8570.04 8109.96 8156.52
Ⅳ 409.51 475.20 571.15 41.91 40.29 38.18 44.78 42.91 40.14 7684.63 8215.56 8753.32 8217.84
Ⅴ 332.00 439.98 567.60 44.37 41.14 35.13 45.77 43.62 42.50 6741.87 7894.02 8475.19 7703.70
Ⅵ 310.86 398.95 496.58 42.23 40.19 38.25 46.24 44.08 42.63 6068.53 7067.40 8097.36 7077.76
Ⅶ 281.42 370.81 499.82 41.60 39.07 36.07 47.75 45.33 42.87 5589.47 6566.34 7727.58 6627.80
Ⅷ 271.35 331.65 408.87 40.28 39.87 38.47 46.89 45.52 44.64 5125.39 6018.63 7020.50 6054.84
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