Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 231-239.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.06.029

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The Impact of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Facility Soil Environment and Tomato Quality

Wang Zhanhai(), Li Long, Zhao Haibo   

  1. Gaotai County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhangye 734300, Gansu, China
  • Received:2025-04-24 Revised:2025-05-30 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-12

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Abstract:

To explore the regulatory effects of combined organic and inorganic fertilizer application on soil environment, yield, and quality of facility tomatoes, using Zhongza 102 as test material, six fertilization treatments were set up: no fertilization (T1), 100% chemical fertilizer (T2), 75% chemical fertilizer+25% farmyard manure (T3), 50% chemical fertilizer+50% farmyard manure (T4), 25% chemical fertilizer+75% farmyard manure (T5), and 100% farmyard manure (T6). The effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil nutrient characteristics, microbial community structure, enzyme activity, and tomato yield and quality were systematically analyzed. The results showed that compared with the application of chemical fertilizers alone, the organic and inorganic fertilizer combination treatment significantly increased tomato yield by 11.97%-34.65%, with T4 treatment showing the best yield increase effect. Compared with T2 treatment, T6 treatment significantly increased soil organic matter (30.04%), organic carbon density (17.43%), and microbial diversity (increasing the number of actinomycetes and bacteria by 46.22% and 16.87%), while enhancing key enzyme activities such as sucrase and urease (P < 0.05). Quality analysis showed that compared with T2 treatment, T6 treatment increased soluble sugar and vitamin C content by 13.80% and 13.64%, respectively, while nitrate content decreased by 21.62%. T4 treatment showed a balance between quality and economic benefits, with fertilizer productivity reaching 12.21%. In summary, 50% chemical fertilizer+50% farmyard manure treatment can synergistically increase tomato yield (12.9%) and fruit quality, while improving the soil microecological environment. It is the best fertilization mode for achieving green and high-value production of facility tomatoes.

Key words: Tomato, Chemical fertilizer reduction, Farm manure, Yield, Quality, Soil fertility

Table 1

Experimental design"

处理
Treatment		 施肥方式
Fertilization method		 农家肥
Farmyard manure		 尿素
Urea		 过磷酸钙
Calcium superphosphate		 硫酸钾
Potassium sulfate
T1 不施肥 － － － －
T2 100%化肥 － 1.64 2.56 0.80
T3 75%化肥+25%农家肥 50.60 1.23 1.92 0.60
T4 50%化肥+50%农家肥 101.20 1.14 1.28 0.40
T5 25%化肥+75%农家肥 151.80 0.41 0.64 0.20
T6 100%农家肥 202.40 － － －

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on soil physical properties"

处理
Treatment		 土壤容重
Soil bulk density
(g/cm3)		 土壤总孔隙度
Total soil
porosity (%)		 土壤团聚体
Soil aggregate
(%)
T1 1.30±0.01a 50.94±0.52c 32.02±0.16d
T2 1.29±0.03a 51.32±0.26c 32.93±0.29d
T3 1.26±0.02b 52.45±0.57b 34.43±0.45c
T4 1.22±0.02c 53.96±0.65a 37.11±0.22b
T5 1.20±0.01c 54.72±0.29a 38.16±0.15a
T6 1.16±0.02c 56.23±0.53a 39.06±0.18a

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on soil moisture content"

处理
Treatment		 自然含水量
Natural moisture
content (g/kg)		 田间持水量
Field
capacity (%)		 饱和持水量
Saturated water
content (t/hm2)
T1 108.51±0.47d 19.39±0.48d 1018.80±2.70c
T2 112.93±0.87c 20.86±0.59c 1026.45±15.75b
T3 118.13±1.05b 22.19±0.68b 1048.95±14.25b
T4 135.17±1.03a 23.12±0.61a 1078.20±19.95a
T5 138.23±0.95a 23.84±0.60a 1094.40±12.00a
T6 140.39±1.14a 24.33±0.98a 1124.55±13.35a

Fig.1

Effects of different treatments on soil organic matter and organic carbon Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level. The same below."

Table 4

Effect of different treatments on soil chemical properties"

处理Treatment pH 阳离子交换量CEC (cmol/kg)
T1 8.19±0.04a 17.86±0.45e
T2 8.17±0.02a 19.45±0.44d
T3 8.15±0.03a 19.89±0.65c
T4 8.12±0.02a 20.78±0.57b
T5 8.09±0.04a 21.44±0.55a
T6 8.06±0.02a 22.11±0.51a

Fig.2

Effects of different treatments on soil microorganisms"

Fig.3

Effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activities"

Fig.4

Effects of different treatments on contents of heavy metals in soil"

Table 5

Effect of different treatments on economic traits and yield of tomato"

处理
Treatment		 单果重
Single fruit
weight (g)		 单株果重（kg/株）
Fruit weight
per plant		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
T1 113.85±1.38e 1.17±0.05e 64 789.50±141.20e
T2 134.63±3.05d 1.31±0.03d 72 550.50±135.70d
T3 139.16±2.05c 1.39±0.01c 77 179.50±91.10c
T4 149.61±2.33a 1.57±0.01a 87 240.10±128.77a
T5 145.59±1.49a 1.52±0.03a 84 619.50±121.30a
T6 141.70±2.46b 1.48±0.02 b 82 390.50±150.20b

Fig.5

Effects of different treatments on content of soluble sugar, vitamin C, nitrate and titratable acid content in tomato fruit"

Table 6

Effect of different treatments on the economic benefits of tomato"

处理
Treatment		 增产量
Yield increase
(kg/hm2)		 增产值（元/hm2）
Output value increase
(yuan/hm2)		 施肥成本（元/hm2）
Fertilizer cost
(yuan/hm2)		 施肥利润（元/hm2）
Profit from fertilization
(yuan/hm2)		 肥料投资效率
Fertilizer investment
efficiency (%)
T1 － － － － －
T2 7759.5 23 299.5 2899.5 20 400.0 7.03
T3 12 390.0 37 200.0 4099.5 33 100.5 8.07
T4 22 450.5 67 399.5 5100.0 62 299.5 12.21
T5 19 830.0 59 500.5 6199.5 53 301.0 8.60
T6 17 599.5 52 800.0 7300.5 45 499.5 6.23
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