Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 240-247.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.06.030

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Effects of Ridge Mulching and Organic Fertilizer Application on Yield Formation and Soil Organic Carbon Components of Small Black Bean

Fan Guohua(), Feng Xiaomin(), Gao Xiang, Lü Huiqing, Yang Jing, Zhang Xuli, Hao Zhiping, Zhou Zhongyu, Zhang Li, Li Hong   

  1. Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuci 030600, Shanxi, China
  • Revised:2024-12-05 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-12

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Abstract:

In order to determine the effects of ridge mulching and organic fertilizer application on the water retention and soil improvement effect and yield formation of small black bean under dry farming soil in the loess plateau area, CK, no film+compound fertilizer (NPK), plain mulching+compound fertilizer (C+NPK), plain mulching+organic fertilizer inorganic combination (C+NPKM), ridge film mulching+inorganic combination (R+NPK), and ridge film mulching and organic and inorganic combined application (R+NPKM) were conducted to analyze the effects of different planting methods on soil water use efficiency, soil organic carbon content, soil enzyme activity and yield of small black beans. The results showed that compared with CK, film mulching treatment significantly increased the yield of small black beans, and R+NPKM treatment significantly increased the plant height, yield and its components of small black beans. Meanwhile, compared with CK, the yield of R+NPKM treatment increased by 24.82% and 40.31% in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The aboveground dry matter accumulation of small black beans in 2022 and 2023 showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the extension of growth period, and the aboveground dry matter accumulation of ridge mulching and inorganic fertilizer combined treatment was significantly higher than that of non-mulched treatments. In addition, the water use efficiency of R+NPKM treatment was the highest, reaching 5.64 kg/(mm?hm2) in 2022 and 6.45 kg/(mm?hm2) in 2023. The contents of organic carbon, soluble organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon of soil were increased under R+NPKM treatment, but the differences were not significant compared with that of C+NPKM treatment. Compared with C+NPKM treatment, the alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and catalase activity of R+NPKM treatment were increased by 13.16%, 10.77% and 9.20%, respectively. Compared with NPK treatment, soil enzyme activities of C+NPKM and R+NPKM treatments were increased. In conclusion, ridge mulching and organic fertilizer application are superior to other mulching methods in terms of yield and soil water utilization.

Key words: Ridge mulching, Small black beans, Yield, Soil organic carbon, Soil enzyme, Soil water content

Fig.1

Average temperature and precipitation during the 2022-2023"

Fig.2

Test layout diagram"

Table 1

Effects of ridge mulching and organic fertilizer application on agronomic characteristics and yield of small black bean"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 单株荚数
Pods per plant		 单株粒重
Seed weight per plant (g)		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
2022 CK 86.75±3.56c 180.00±7.85c 35.60±1.83b 8.03±0.76c 1618.06±198.78c
NPK 90.90±3.12bc 192.00±8.93bc 37.31±1.34b 9.61±1.05bc 1670.00±320.15bc
C+NPK 93.12±2.75b 229.00±11.52b 40.72±2.89ab 10.24±0.84b 1788.81±181.30b
C+NPKM 103.30±4.61a 286.00±16.78a 44.72±2.18a 11.27±0.57a 1950.00±415.21a
R+NPK 101.60±3.59ab 236.00±13.25b 41.70±3.11a 10.18±1.13b 1829.55±246.88ab
R+NPKM 106.10±5.42a 295.00±18.52a 45.48±3.25a 12.06±0.73a 2019.70±525.34a
2023 CK 89.90±3.39b 178.00±12.33c 30.25±1.55b 7.90±0.55c 1499.40±269.86d
NPK 90.80±4.18b 187.00±10.24c 34.10±2.14b 8.76±0.69c 1571.04±186.74c
C+NPK 95.42±3.77ab 231.00±10.86b 41.63±3.25ab 10.45±1.21b 1739.25±311.53b
C+NPKM 101.58±4.78a 273.00±8.92a 46.52±2.11a 11.50±0.95a 2028.21±368.19a
R+NPK 99.92±3.77a 244.00±10.11b 43.85±3.24b 10.80±1.00b 1885.52±210.54ab
R+NPKM 103.36±5.14a 287.00±13.52a 47.86±3.86a 12.77±0.63a 2103.88±457.88a
方差分析Analysis of variance
肥料Fertilizer (F) * * * * *
覆膜Film mulching (M) * * * * *
F×M ns ns ns ns ns

Fig.3

Effects of different treatments on aboveground dry matter accumulation of small black bean “*”indicates significant difference at P < 0.05 level, the same below."

Table 2

Effects of ridge mulching and organic fertilizer application on soil water use efficiency of small black bean"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 播时贮水量
Water storage before
planting (mm)		 生育期降水量
Precipitation during the
growth period (mm)		 收获时贮水量
Water storage during
harvest (mm)		 总耗水量
Total water
consumption (mm)		 水分利用效率
Water use efficiency
[kg/(mm?hm2)]
2022 CK 170.66±2.16bc 401.20±0.00a 130.51±1.96d 385.15±3.89a 4.20±0.62b
NPK 163.52±1.43c 401.20±0.00a 123.78±2.38c 384.74±5.12a 4.34±0.38b
C+NPK 180.78±1.89b 401.20±0.00a 160.62±2.66b 365.16±3.06a 4.90±1.05ab
C+NPKM 195.62±2.89a 401.20±0.00a 186.23±1.89a 354.39±2.97a 5.50±0.83a
R+NPK 189.56±2.99ab 401.20±0.00a 185.15±2.95a 349.41±2.69a 5.24±0.69a
R+NPKM 203.51±1.69a 401.20±0.00a 190.26±1.46a 358.25±3.69a 5.64±0.93a
2023 CK 163.22±1.54b 242.70±0.00a 100.35±0.98d 368.87±4.15a 4.06±0.22b
NPK 160.62±2.85b 242.70±0.00a 100.56±1.39d 366.06±3.74a 4.29±0.48b
C+NPK 186.30±2.11ab 242.70±0.00a 143.85±2.05c 348.45±4.69a 4.99±0.78ab
C+NPKM 200.68±3.01a 242.70±0.00a 160.28±1.75b 346.40±2.05a 5.86±0.57a
R+NPK 196.98±2.67a 242.70±0.00a 160.47±1.80b 342.51±4.14ab 5.51±0.85a
R+NPKM 210.35±1.48a 242.70±0.00a 190.23±2.68a 326.12±5.02b 6.45±1.02a
方差分析Analysis of variance
肥料Fertilizer (F) * * * * *
覆膜Film mulching (M) * * * * *
F×M ns ns ns ns ns

Fig.4

Effects of different treatments on soil total nitrogen, organic carbon and organic carbon components Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 level among treatments, the same below."

Fig.5

Effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activity"

Fig.6

Correlation between yield of small black bean and soil water content and soil characteristics"

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