Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 1-10.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.05.001

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Analysis of Salt Tolerance at Germination Stage of 118 Maize Hybrids in Northeast China

Zhou Tingfang1,2(), Li Ran2, Liu Qianqian2, Zhang Ze1,2, Wang Zhenhua4, Ma Baoxin5, Lu Ming6, Zhang Lin4, Han Yehui5, Yang Bo7, Li Mingshun2, Zhang Degui2, Weng Jianfeng2, Yong Hongjun2,3, Xu Jingyu1, Han Jienan2(), Li Xinhai1,2()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    3 National Technology Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-alkali Land, Dongying 257345, Shandong, China
    4 College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150006, Heilongjiang, China
    5 Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
    6 Northeast China Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center / Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
    7 Northeast China Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center / Taonan Comprehensive Experimental Station, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taonan 137100, Jilin, China
  • Received:2025-03-07 Revised:2025-05-01 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-21

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Abstract:

The indoor identification of the salt-tolerant maize germplasm is an important way to initially screen highly salt-tolerant germplasm resources. In order to identify the salt-tolerance of maize hybrids widely utilized and newly developed in Northeast China, 118 hybrids were selected and treated with 200 mmol/L NaCl stress treatment. The relative germination rate, relative fresh weight per plant, relative dry weight per plant and relative moisture content were used as identification indexes to evaluate the salt-tolerance during the germination period. The salt- tolerance grades were divided through the comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance D-value, and then the analysis of the yields in saline-alkali land was carried out based on the salt tolerance grades during the germination period and grouped by maturity periods. The study showed that during the germination period, 18 hybrids such as Heyu 27, Tianyu 918 and Dongnong 296 were highly salt-tolerant type, 13 hybrids such as Dongnong 254, Jidan 982 and Suiyu 42 were salt-tolerant type, 34 hybrids such as Xianda 203, Jidan 31 and Jidan 12 were medium salt-sensitive type, 42 hybrids such as Jidan 68, Jidan 62 and Zhongdan 107 were salt-sensitive type, and 11 hybrids such as Keyu 19, Zeyu 8911 and Fuer 116 were highly salt-sensitive type. The salt tolerance during the germination period can be summarized as the medium-maturity group > the early maturity group > the middle-early maturity group. Salt-tolerant hybrids during the germination period showed relatively high yield in saline-alkali land. The yield of salt-sensitive hybrids in the middle-early maturity group was significantly lower than that of salt-tolerant hybrids, indicating that the salt-tolerance during the germination period can predict the yield performance in saline-alkali land to a certain extent. Based on the comprehensive evaluations of the yield in saline-alkali land and the salt-tolerance identification during the germination period, Jidan 982, Suiyu 42, C2235 and Dongnong 296 were identified as high salt-tolerant and high-yielding hybrids.

Key words: Maize, Salt-tolerance identification, Germination stage, Saline-alkali land, Yield

Table 1

The total of 118 hybrids and their maturity information"

编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 熟期
Maturity		 编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 熟期
Maturity		 编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 熟期
Maturity		 编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 熟期
Maturity
1 德美亚3号 早熟组 26 东农285 早熟组 51 嫩单24 中早熟组 76 吉单62 中熟组
2 中单1127 早熟组 27 东农288 早熟组 52 中单1157 中早熟组 77 吉单63 中熟组
3 东农276 早熟组 28 东农284 早熟组 53 丰禾13 中早熟组 78 吉农玉719 中熟组
4 嫩单31 早熟组 29 先达203 早熟组 54 中邦6号 中早熟组 79 东农2010 中熟组
5 益农玉12 早熟组 30 京农科728 中早熟组 55 中单1138 中早熟组 80 嫩单29 中熟组
6 中单6202 早熟组 31 JD925 中早熟组 56 吉单20 中早熟组 81 吉单83 中熟组
7 凯玉8 早熟组 32 东农299 中早熟组 57 中单1167 中早熟组 82 吉单48 中熟组
8 东农2032 早熟组 33 JD922 中早熟组 58 东禾1号 中早熟组 83 中单1121 中熟组
9 吉单27 早熟组 34 禾育187 中早熟组 59 东圣3号 中早熟组 84 龙育12 中熟组
10 中单1168 早熟组 35 东农264 中早熟组 60 嫩单23 中早熟组 85 兴辉908 中熟组
11 东农265 早熟组 36 东农261 中早熟组 61 迪卡1563 中早熟组 86 中单1120 中熟组
12 绥玉49 早熟组 37 东玉3号 中早熟组 62 中单608 中早熟组 87 嫩单21 中熟组
13 吉单12 早熟组 38 东农2000 中早熟组 63 东农277 中早熟组 88 中单195 中熟组
14 嫩单38 早熟组 39 中单1125 中早熟组 64 吉单22 中早熟组 89 金博士825 中熟组
15 禾田4号 早熟组 40 东农296 中早熟组 65 鑫满仓625 中早熟组 90 Z658 中熟组
16 东农266 早熟组 41 C2235 中早熟组 66 东农275 中早熟组 91 嫩单37 中熟组
17 合玉27 早熟组 42 东农2020 中早熟组 67 泽玉8911 中熟组 92 吉单61 中熟组
18 中单6305 早熟组 43 中单107 中早熟组 68 绥玉48 中熟组 93 嫩单22 中熟组
19 吉单13 早熟组 44 吉单26 中早熟组 69 中单111 中熟组 94 G1839 中熟组
20 吉单17 早熟组 45 合玉29 中早熟组 70 绥玉42 中熟组 95 先玉1483 中熟组
21 利合328 早熟组 46 富尔116 中早熟组 71 东农2019 中熟组 96 必祥199 中熟组
22 克玉19 早熟组 47 益农玉10 中早熟组 72 吉单982 中熟组 97 瑞普909 中熟组
23 嫩单27 早熟组 48 中单609 中早熟组 73 嫩单39 中熟组 98 吉单66 中熟组
24 东农254 早熟组 49 中单685 中早熟组 74 嫩单35 中熟组 99 中单6105 中熟组
25 东农271 早熟组 50 东农268 中早熟组 75 吉单30 中熟组 100 吉单983 中熟组
101 嫩单25 中熟组 106 先玉696 中熟组 111 富民985 中熟组 116 天育108 中熟组
102 吉单68 中熟组 107 东农263 中熟组 112 JD936 中熟组 117 A6565 中熟组
103 吉单31 中熟组 108 辽玉1号 中熟组 113 吉单953 中熟组 118 中单1166 中熟组
104 润民618 中熟组 109 天育918 中熟组 114 天农九 中熟组
105 美亚81 中熟组 110 JD968 中熟组 115 中单1171 中熟组

Fig.1

Phenotype of maize seedlings after ten days of CK and SA treatments"

Fig.2

Statistical analysis of salt tolerance indexes of maize hybrids under different treatments “**”indicates significant difference at P < 0.01 level."

Table 2

Correlation analysis based on indexes"

指标
Index		 相对发芽率
Relative germination rate		 相对单株鲜重
Relative fresh weight per plant		 相对单株干重
Relative dry weight per plant		 相对含水率
Relative moisture content
相对发芽率
Relative germination rate		 1.00
相对单株鲜重
Relative fresh weight per plant		 -0.07
 1.00
相对单株干重
Relative dry weight per plant		 0.10
 0.15
 1.00
相对含水率
Relative moisture content		 -0.04
 0.83**
 -0.06
 1.00

Table 3

Eigenvectors and contribution rates of principal components for each index"

指标
Index		 主成分Principal component
1 2 3 4
相对发芽率Relative germination rate -0.12 0.69 0.72 -0.01
相对单株鲜重
Relative fresh weight per plant		 0.96 0.09 -0.03 -0.26
相对单株干重
Relative dry weight per plant		 0.08 0.79 -0.61 0.07
相对含水率Relative moisture content 0.95 -0.07 0.17 0.26
特征值Eigenvalue 1.84 1.11 0.91 0.14
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 46.01 27.63 22.81 3.56

Table 4

The comprehensive evalution value D of salt tolerance for 118 hybrids"

编号
Number		 D 编号
Number		 D 编号
Number		 D 编号
Number		 D 编号
Number		 D 编号
Number		 D 编号
Number		 D 编号
Number		 D
1 0.56 16 0.56 31 0.36 46 0.41 61 0.56 76 0.48 91 0.62 106 0.61
2 0.59 17 0.70 32 0.70 47 0.59 62 0.51 77 0.46 92 0.56 107 0.51
3 0.53 18 0.53 33 0.53 48 0.51 63 0.47 78 0.50 93 0.56 108 0.51
4 0.46 19 0.47 34 0.53 49 0.43 64 0.61 79 0.60 94 0.50 109 0.70
5 0.55 20 0.54 35 0.54 50 0.54 65 0.45 80 0.63 95 0.59 110 0.64
6 0.51 21 0.61 36 0.45 51 0.50 66 0.45 81 0.13 96 0.49 111 0.66
7 0.61 22 0.35 37 0.47 52 0.49 67 0.36 82 0.53 97 0.50 112 0.47
8 0.51 23 0.48 38 0.51 53 0.54 68 0.38 83 0.51 98 0.58 113 0.49
9 0.37 24 0.59 39 0.55 54 0.55 69 0.50 84 0.43 99 0.50 114 0.63
10 0.61 25 0.55 40 0.63 55 0.44 70 0.59 85 0.48 100 0.55 115 0.46
11 0.54 26 0.56 41 0.57 56 0.49 71 0.46 86 0.52 101 0.58 116 0.55
12 0.56 27 0.55 42 0.49 57 0.41 72 0.59 87 0.53 102 0.50 117 0.49
13 0.55 28 0.53 43 0.43 58 0.50 73 0.56 88 0.58 103 0.55 118 0.60
14 0.61 29 0.54 44 0.55 59 0.55 74 0.59 89 0.53 104 0.64
15 0.65 30 0.40 45 0.41 60 0.39 75 0.48 90 0.61 105 0.54

Fig.3

Cluster analysis of salt tolerance of maize hybrids during germination period (a) cluster diagram of 118 maize hybrids; (b) D-value distribution."

Table 5

Analysis of salt tolerance of maize hybrids with different maturity periods"

耐盐等级
Salt tolerant grade		 早熟Early maturity 中熟Medium-maturity 中早熟Medium-early maturity
份数
Number		 占比
Percentage (%)		 份数
Number		 占比
Percentage (%)		 份数
Number		 占比
Percentage (%)
高度耐盐型Highly salt-tolerant type 6 20.69 9 17.31 3 8.11
耐盐型Salt-tolerant type 2 6.90 9 17.31 2 5.40
中等敏感型Medium salt-sensitive type 14 48.27 10 19.23 10 27.03
盐敏感型Salt-sensitive type 5 17.24 21 40.38 16 43.24
盐高敏感型Highly salt-sensitive type 2 6.90 3 5.77 6 16.22

Fig.4

Yield analysis of maize hybrids with different maturity periods (a) yield analysis of different experimental sites; (b) yield analysis of saline-alkali land based on hybrids with different salt tolerant grades; (c) yield analysis of saline-alkali land of hybrids between salt-tolerant group and salt-sensitivity group. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level."

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