Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 69-76.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.011

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Comprehensive Identification and Selection System and Method for Rape Germplasm with High Photosynthetic Efficiency

Zhang Yaowen,Hou Junli,Zhao Xiaoguang,Guan Zhoubo,Li Dianrong,Tian Jianhua,Dong Yuhong,Wang Zhuyun   

  1. Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province/Shaanxi Rape Branch of National Oil Crops Genetic Improvement Center, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2018-12-29 Revised:2019-06-17 Online:2019-08-15 Published:2019-08-06

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Abstract:

High photosynthetic efficiency germplasm is the basis for the high photosynthetic efficiency breeding of crops. Based on the analysis of the requirements, despite the difficulties and research deficiencies of high photosynthetic efficiency germplasm screening in rape, our research team constructed a comprehensive screening index system and method for rape with high photosynthetic efficiency to meet the breeding objectives of super high yield rape and the practical production demand. Quantitative comprehensive evaluation of rape germplasm was conducted and directional breeding and crossbreeding improvement was developed. Practical application achieved good results and a number of high photosynthetic efficiency germplasms were obtained, which laid a material foundation for rape breeding with high photosynthetic efficiency by a way called high photosynthetic efficiency + heterosis.

Key words: Rape, High photosynthetic efficiency germplasm, Comprehensive identification and selection, Index system and method, Effect of screening

Fig.1

The methods for screening the rape germplasm resources with high photosynthetic efficiency"

Fig.2

The methods for screening rape core germplasm resources with high photosynthetic efficiency"

Table 1

The effects of main traits of rape germplasm "7792-95/772//772" with high photosynthetic efficiency by directed breeding (comparison between 2014 and 2018)"

性状Trait 2014年数值
The value
in 2014		 2014与2018年比较(%)
Comparison between
2014 and 2008		 性状Trait 2014年数值
The value
in 2014		 2014与2018年比较(%)
Comparison between
2014 and 2008
光合性状
Photosynthetic trait		 叶绿素含量(SPAD)
Chlorophyll content		 55.36±3.71 5.53** 产量构成性状
Yield component		 单株角果数
Siliques per plant		 239.10±52.24 6.25**
叶绿素a/b值
Ratio of chlorophyll a content to chlorophyll b content		 3.52±0.02 2.46* character
 单株分枝数
Branches per plant		 6.30±1.10 3.27*
净光合速率[μmolCO2/(m2·s)]
Net photosynthetic rate		 26.68±2.03 8.32** 千粒重(g)
1000-seed weight		 2.73±0.04 1.24*
水分利用效率(μmolCO2/mmolH2O)
Water use efficiency		 3.96±0.39 3.78* 角粒数
Seeds per silique		 30.22±1.37 0.96*
群体净光合速率[g/(d·m2)]
Net photosynthetic rate of population		 2.42±0.28 3.13* 单株生物量(g)
Weight of biomass per plant		 52.88±3.42 3.10*
株型性状
Plant-type trait		 株高(cm)
Plant height		 134.00±7.35 -6.52** 单株产量(g)
Grain yield per plant		 18.56±9.76 4.21**
主序长/株高(%)
Ratio of main inflorescence length to plant height		 45.11±3.78 -2.68* 收获系数
Harvest index		 0.35±0.01 3.51**
分枝位/株高(%)
Ratio of branch position to plant height		 35.55±3.43 -5.22** 品质性状
Quality trait		 硫苷含量(mg/g)
Glucosinolates content		 23.80±1.92 -2.25
分枝与主茎夹角(°)
The angle of branches to main stem		 22.60±2.21 -7.61** 蛋白质含量(%)
Protein content		 22.92±0.84 -11.18**
短柄叶片与主茎夹角(°)
The angle of short petiole leaf to main stem		 30.26±1.82 -6.18** 含油量(%)
Oil content		 51.49±0.90 3.23**
叶面积系数
Leaf area index		 1.48±0.28 1.36* （油+蛋白质）含量(%)
Content of oil and protein		 75.42±0.24 4.60**
角果皮面积系数
Green silique area index		 3.54±0.36 -0.92 芥酸含量(%)
Erucic acid content		 0.96±0.09 -1.12

Table 2

The effects of chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of rape with high photosynthetic efficiency germplasm "7792-95/772//772" from 2006 to 2014 by directional selection"

年份
Year		 叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content 净光合速率Net photosynthetic rate
测定值(SPAD)
The determination value		 比较结果(%)
Result of comparison		 测定值[μmolCO2/(m2·s)]
The determination value		 比较结果(%)
Result of comparison
7792-95/
772//772		 CK1 CK2 与CK1比较
Compared with CK1		 与CK2比较
Compared with CK2		 7792-95/
772//772		 CK1 CK2 与CK1比较
Compared with CK1		 与CK2比较
Compared with CK2
2006 52.52 47.47 - 10.63 - 23.62 21.70 - 11.84 -
2007 56.50 50.89 - 11.03 - 22.62 19.87 - 12.16 -
2008 54.08 48.74 - 10.96 - 24.63 23.34 - 12.37 -
2009 53.20 47.60 50.04 11.76 6.32 24.26 21.05 22.96 13.24 5.65
2010 54.70 48.64 51.01 12.46 7.23 25.25 21.75 23.65 13.88 6.53
2011 56.23 49.71 52.13 13.12 7.87 23.41 19.99 21.86 14.61 7.08
2012 52.96 46.60 48.90 13.66 8.31 24.01 20.39 22.34 15.11 7.49
2013 54.16 47.38 49.84 14.32 8.67 25.62 21.66 23.78 15.46 7.82
2014 55.36 48.21 50.83 14.82 8.91 26.68 22.46 24.75 15.82 8.22
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