Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 163-169.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.01.024

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Quality of Weak Gluten Wheat in Northern Winter Wheat Region

Ma Ruiqi1,2(), Wang Demei1, Tao Zhiqiang1, Wang Yanjie1, Yang Yushuang1, Zhao Guangcai1(), Chang Xuhong1()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2College of Agronomy, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an 271000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-11-17 Revised:2022-09-20 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-02-22

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Abstract:

In Beijing experiment base of Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a two-factor randomized block design was conducted to explore the effects of nitrogen application on the yield and quality of weak-gluten wheat in northern winter wheat regions during 2016-2017. The factor A was weak gluten wheat cultivar (Yangmai 22 and Yangmai 15) and the factor B was nitrogen rate (N 180, 210 and 240kg/ha). The results showed that within the nitrogen range of 180-240kg/ha, grain yield, ear number per unit area, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, protein yield and biological yield all increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the total protein and contents of its components showed an increasing trend, and the increase of gliadin and glutenin was higher than that of albumin and globulin. Compared with treatment of 180kg/ha, the ratio of gluten to alcohol under 210 and 240kg/ha treatments decreased by 0.27 and 0.41 percentage points, respectively; bulk density, hardness, and flour extraction rate were expressed as Yangmai 22 > Yangmai 15. Sedimentation, wet gluten, water absorption, dough formation time, stable time, and farinograph quality value of the two quality types of wheat all increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate with the average increase rates of 5.53%, 2.54%, 0.54%, 17.82%, 7.07% and 14.17%, respectively. The degree of weakening decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the two varieties decreased by 9.65% and 12.00%, respectively. Therefore, comprehensively considering fertilizer input, wheat yield and quality indicators, applying N 180kg/ha to weak gluten wheat in the northern winter wheat regions could obtain higher yield and processing quality.

Key words: Nitrogen application rate, Weak gluten wheat, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Effects of cultivars and nitrogen application rate on wheat grain protein and components content"

处理
Treatment		 清蛋白
Albumin
(%)		 球蛋白
Globulin
(%)		 醇溶蛋白
Gliadin
(%)		 谷蛋白
Glutenin
(%)		 贮藏蛋白
Gliadin+
glutenin (%)		 可溶性蛋白
Albumin+
globulin (%)		 谷醇比
Glutenin/
Gliadin		 蛋白质含量
Protein
content (%)
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 2.03a 1.36a 2.97a 4.72a 7.70a 3.39a 1.63a 13.24a
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 2.06a 1.32a 2.82b 4.49b 7.32b 3.38a 1.60b 13.08a
B1 1.96c 1.31a 2.47c 4.52b 7.00c 3.26b 1.84a 12.85b
B2 2.00b 1.34a 2.92b 4.59b 7.51b 3.35b 1.57b 13.03b
B3 2.17a 1.37a 3.30a 4.71a 8.01a 3.54a 1.43c 13.59a

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on wheat grain protein and its components"

处理
Treatment		 清蛋白
Albumin (%)		 球蛋白
Globulin (%)		 醇溶蛋白
Gliadin (%)		 谷蛋白
Glutenin (%)		 谷醇比
Glutenin/Gliadin		 蛋白质含量
Protein content (%)
扬麦22
Yangmai 22		 B1 1.87d 1.34a 2.34e 4.68ab 2.00a 12.82d
B2 1.95c 1.37a 3.02b 4.73ab 1.57c 13.23bc
B3 2.26a 1.39a 3.56a 4.77a 1.34d 13.66a
扬麦15
Yangmai 15		 B1 2.04b 1.28a 2.60d 4.37c 1.68b 12.88cd
B2 2.06b 1.31a 2.83c 4.46c 1.58c 12.84d
B3 2.08b 1.36a 3.04b 4.65b 1.53c 13.52ab

Fig.1

Effects of nitrogen application rate on protein content of weak gluten wheat"

Table 3

Effects of cultivars and nitrogen application on the quality of wheat during primary processing"

处理
Treatment		 容重
Bulk weight (g/L)		 硬度
Rigidity		 出粉率
Flour rate (%)
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 804.7a 50.87a 63.03a
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 801.3b 46.67b 62.19b
B1 806.7a 48.37b 63.62a
B2 801.8ab 48.60b 63.00b
B3 800.6b 49.33a 61.21c

Table 4

Effects of different treatments on the quality of wheat during primary processing"

处理
Treatment		 容重
Bulk weight (g/L)		 硬度
Rigidity		 出粉率
Flour rate (%)
扬麦22
Yangmai 22		 B1 808.0a 50.60b 64.32a
B2 804.2ab 50.73b 63.68b
B3 802.0ab 51.27a 61.10e
扬麦15
Yangmai 15		 B1 805.3ab 46.13d 62.92c
B2 799.5b 46.47d 62.32d
B3 799.2b 47.40c 61.32e

Table 5

Effects of different treatments on the quality of wheat in secondary processing"

处理
Treatment		 沉淀值
Sedimentation
(mL)		 湿面筋
Wet gluten
(%)		 吸水率
Water absorption
(%)		 形成时间
Development
time (min)		 稳定时间
Stable time
(min)		 弱化度
Softening
degree (BU)		 粉质评价值
Farinograph
quality value
扬麦22
Yangmai 22		 B1 24.3b 22.75bc 53.1a 2.37b 3.4abc 75.7a 54.0b
B2 25.5a 23.03bc 53.2a 2.50b 3.5ab 70.3b 64.7a
B3 26.1a 23.79a 53.0a 3.13a 3.6a 69.3b 68.0a
扬麦15
Yangmai 15		 B1 23.4c 22.54c 50.2c 1.40d 2.9c 75.0a 46.0c
B2 24.4b 22.83bc 50.7bc 1.57cd 3.1bc 72.7ab 47.7c
B3 24.7b 23.21b 50.9b 1.67c 3.4abc 70.7b 48.0c

Table 6

Effects of cultivars and nitrogen application rate on wheat yield components and protein yield"

处理
Treatment		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg/hm2)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 穗数
Ears
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains per
spike		 生物产量
Biological yield
(kg/hm2)		 蛋白质产量
Protein yield
(kg/hm2)		 经济系数
Harvest
index
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 6937.1a 40.02b 504.3a 40.84a 16 550.2a 919.0a 0.40b
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 6624.5a 40.96a 440.4b 37.96a 14 907.1b 866.7a 0.41a
B1 6558.8a 40.02b 438.0c 37.63a 14 236.0c 843.2b 0.41a
B2 6815.9a 40.53ab 469.1b 40.03a 15 694.6b 888.7ab 0.40a
B3 6967.6a 40.93a 509.8a 40.53a 17 255.2a 946.8a 0.40a

Table 7

Effects of different treatments on wheat yield components and protein yield"

处理
Treatment		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg/hm2)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 穗数
Ears
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains per
spike		 生物产量
Biological yield
(kg/hm2)		 蛋白质产量
Protein yield
(kg/hm2)		 经济系数
Harvest
index
扬麦22
Yangmai 22		 B1 6711.7a 39.66b 483.5b 38.20a 14 562.0c 860.8b 0.41ab
B2 6934.0a 39.87b 507.5ab 41.93a 16 602.5b 917.1ab 0.39b
B3 7165.6a 40.55ab 521.8a 42.40a 18 486.1a 979.2a 0.39b
扬麦15
Yangmai 15		 B1 6406.0a 40.38ab 392.6d 37.07a 13 910.0c 825.6b 0.41ab
B2 6697.8a 41.19a 430.9c 38.13a 14 786.8c 860.3b 0.42a
B3 6769.6a 41.30a 497.9ab 38.67a 16 024.3b 914.4ab 0.42a
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