Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 176-183.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.01.026

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Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Quality and Yield of Safflower in Gansu Yellow River Irrigation Area

Su Cuicui(), Wu Lingling(), Zhao Xi, Shi Zhiguo, Zhou Yanfang, Wei Yujie   

  1. Gansu Academy of Agri-Engineering Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Innovation and Safety Utilization of Special Drug Sources, Wuwei 733006, Gansu, China
  • Received:2022-03-25 Revised:2022-04-26 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-02-22

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the suitable sowing date of safflower in Gansu Yellow River Irrigation Area, three safflower cultivars Yunhong 7, YM18-6 and Dahongpao were used as materials, and four sowing dates (March 16th, March 26th, April 6th, April 15th) were set up to study the effects of different sowing dates on the growth period, agronomic traits, filaments and grain yield and quality of safflower. The results showed that, with the delay of sowing date, the stage from sowing to seedling and from seedling to bud stage were significantly shortened, and the whole growth period of safflower was also shortened. The influence of sowing date on the agronomic traits, yield and quality traits of safflower was dominant. Most of the traits increased first and then decreased with the delay of sowing date, and reached the highest on April 6th and then on March 26th, and there were significant difference with the other two sowing dates. The agronomic characteristics of safflower were correlated with yield and quality. Suitable sowing date could realize reasonable transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and prompted it to make full use of light and heat resources of planting region, so as to achieve higher quality and higher yield. The suitable sowing date of safflower in Gansu Yellow River Irrigation Area is between March 26th and April 6th.

Key words: Sowing date, Safflower, Agronomic characteristics, Quality, Yield

Table 1

The changes of growth period of safflower under different sowing dates d"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 播种―出苗
Sowing-sprouting		 出苗―现蕾
Sprouting-bud		 现蕾―终花
Bud-final flower		 终花―收获
Final flower-harvest		 生育期
Growth period
云红7号
Yunhong 7		 T1 20a 84a 43a 22a 149a
T2 13b 80b 43a 17b 140b
T3 8c 72c 41a 23a 136c
T4 6d 66d 43a 23a 132d
YM18-6 T1 20a 84a 43a 15c 142a
T2 13b 77b 44a 18b 139b
T3 6c 69c 41b 26a 136c
T4 6c 66d 38c 26a 130d
大红袍
Dahongpao		 T1 20a 86a 44a 16c 146a
T2 13b 80b 43a 20b 143b
T3 8c 72c 44a 22a 138c
T4 6d 68d 42a 23a 133d

Table 2

The agronomic traits of safflower under different sowing dates"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant
height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem
diameter
(cm)		 根长
Root
length
(cm)		 第1分
枝高度
First
branch
height
(cm)		 一级有效
分枝数
Number of
effective
branches
of the first
order		 二级有效
分枝数
Number of
effective
branches
of the second
order		 三级有效
分枝数
Number of
effective
branches
of the third
order		 单株有效
果球数
Number of
effective
balls per
plant		 顶果球
直径
Apex
bulb
diameter
(cm)		 千粒重
1000-
grain
weight
(g)		 单株籽
粒产量
Grain
yield per
plant
(g)		 单株
干花重
Dry
flower
yield per
plant
(g)
云红7号
Yunhong 7		 T1 104.13b 13.90b 21.26a 22.58b 14a 20b 2a 32b 32.54a 35.77b 52.49b 4.01b
T2 108.25a 13.67b 17.82b 28.26a 13a 21b 1a 38a 32.02a 36.35a 58.89a 6.17a
T3 105.75a 25.30a 20.42a 14.06d 14a 24a 2a 40a 33.18a 37.98a 61.81a 6.67a
T4 104.80b 12.69b 18.01b 16.71c 12a 25a 1a 35ab 32.24a 35.13b 55.91b 4.64b
YM18-6 T1 84.88c 13.41b 21.55b 9.26a 15b 33c 4a 46d 25.71a 37.83b 48.91d 5.33b
T2 98.04a 14.70ab 18.16bc 10.42a 19a 42b 1b 57b 25.53a 40.25a 63.61a 7.08a
T3 99.17a 15.61a 30.55a 11.25a 20a 48a 5a 69a 27.43a 42.88a 66.51a 8.04a
T4 91.24b 13.28b 18.99b 9.84a 16b 32c 2b 49c 25.83a 39.03ab 61.81a 6.48ab
大红袍
Dahongpao		 T1 103.77b 13.39a 19.85ab 12.43c 13b 30b 2a 41b 31.28a 33.83c 51.90b 5.19b
T2 106.21a 12.97a 19.09ab 17.63b 15a 31ab 1a 43a 31.38a 38.90a 57.53ab 6.05ab
T3 109.90a 13.36a 20.95a 19.11b 16a 33a 1a 44a 32.49a 38.77a 63.89a 7.27a
T4 102.39b 13.64a 18.51b 24.40a 13b 24c 1a 40b 29.29b 36.93b 54.35b 5.47b

Fig.1

The HSYA content of safflower under different sowing dates The different lowercase letters means significant difference at the 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.2

The oil content of safflower grain under different sowing dates"

Table 3

The dry flower and grain yields of safflower varieties under different sowing dates and interaction effects"

种植时间
Sowing date		 小区干花产量Dry flower yield per plot (g) 小区籽粒产量Grain yield per plot (kg)
云红7号
Yunhong 7		 YM18-6 大红袍
Dahongpao		 平均值
Average value		 云红7号
Yunhong 7		 YM18-6 大红袍
Dahongpao		 平均值
Average value
T1 374.76cB 462.93bA 440.89bA 426.19c 1.95cB 2.21bA 2.47bA 2.21c
T2 487.09aA 519.78aA 484.82aA 497.23a 2.82aB 3.23aA 3.00aA 3.02a
T3 506.44aA 524.96aA 513.27aA 514.89a 3.18aB 3.77aA 3.32aB 3.42a
T4 420.74bC 504.36abA 463.34bB 462.81b 2.54bA 3.08abA 2.70bA 2.77b
平均值Average value 447.26B 503.01A 475.58A 2.62B 3.10A 2.87A
F值
F-value		 种植时间Sowing date 179.002** 12 498.798**
品种Variety 78.707* 5592.584*
种植时间×品种Sowing date×variety 25.878** 3715.498**

Table 4

Correlation coefficients between agronomic characteristics, yield and quality of safflower"

性状
Characteristic		 株高
Plant
height		 茎粗
Stem
diameter		 根长
Root
length		 第1分
枝高度
First
branch
height		 一级有效
分枝数
Number of
effective
branches
of the first
order		 二级有效
分枝数
Number of
effective
branches of
the second
order		 三级有效
分枝数
Number of
effective
branches
of the third
order		 单株有效
果球数
Number of
effective
balls per
plant		 顶果球
直径
Apex
bulb
diameter		 千粒
重
1000-
grain
weight		 单株
籽粒
产量
Grain
yield
per
plant		 单株干
花产量
Flower
yield
per
plant		 小区
籽粒
产量
Grain
yield
per
plot		 小区干
花产量
Dry
flower
yield
per
plot		 HSYA
含量
HSYA
content		 籽粒
含油率
Oil
content
of
grain
株高Plant height 1.000
茎粗Stem diameter 0.082 1.000
根长Root length -0.116 0.162 1.000
第1分枝高度
First branch height		 0.717** -0.167 -0.326 1.000
一级有效分枝数
Number of
effective branches
of the first order		 -0.707* 0.048 0.605** -0.630* 1.000
二级有效分枝数
Number of
effective branches
of the second order		 -0.705 -0.189 0.633* -0.654* 0.875** 1.000
三级有效分枝数
Number of
effective branches
of the third order		 -0.203 0.105 0.677* -0.536 -0.396 -0.418 1.000
单株有效果球数
Number of effective
balls per plant		 -0.683* -0.017 0.730** -0.625* 0.918** 0.954** 0.477 1.000
顶果球直径
Apex bulb diameter		 0.767** 0.242 -0.205 0.618* 0.665* 0.666* -0.488 -0.684* 1.000
千粒重
1000-grain weight		 -0.138 0.670* 0.122 -0.250 0.075 0.010 0.289 0.153 0.238 1.000
单株籽粒产量
Grain yield per plant		 0.478* 0.377* 0.489 0.297 0.241 0.096 -0.126 -0.030 0.448* 0.242 1.000
单株干花产量
Flower yield per
plant		 0.043 0.157 0.280 0.195 0.380 0.200 -0.148 -0.299 -0.037 0.538 0.768* 1.000
小区籽粒产量
Grain yield per plot		 0.382* 0.412* 0.493 0.264 0.700* 0.710** -0.295 0.648* 0.379* 0.533* 0.495* 0.639* 1.000
小区干花产量
Dry flower yield
per plot		 0.037 0.209 0.585* 0.085 0.517* 0.539* -0.157 0.595* 0.217 0.347 -0.031 0.735** 0.707* 1.000
HSYA含量
HSYA content		 -0.698* 0.234 0.229 -0.612* 0.517* -0.469 -0.585* 0.504 -0.713** 0.498 -0.112 0.300 -0.181 0.179 1.000
籽粒含油率
Oil content of grain		 -0.213 0.364 -0.006 0.081 0.088 0.054 -0.094 0.101 -0.006 0.627* 0.249 0.343 0.278 0.470 0.404 1.000
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