Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 180-187.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.04.023

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Effects of Combination of Controlled-Release Fertilizer and Common Urea on Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Grain Quality in Rice

Zhou Zhou(), Shen Xinya, Wang Jun, Liu Lijun()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-08-25 Revised:2023-10-13 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-14

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Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of combined application of controlled release fertilizer and common urea on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and rice quality, conventional japonica rice varieties Nanjing 9108 and Huaidao 5 were used as materials. The effects of single application of common urea (UR), single application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (CF) and combined application of common urea and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (CF+UR) on yield, nitrogen use efficiency and rice quality of the above two rice varieties were studied under the same total nitrogen application rate. The results showed that the yield of two varieties under three nitrogen treatments was CF+UR > UR > CF. The yield of CF+UR increased by 4.7%-6.1% and 8.3%-9.8% compared with that of UR and CF, respectively. The yield of CF+UR was higher than that of UR and CF with the increase of effective panicle number and grain number per panicle. The agronomic utilization rate, absorption utilization rate and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in CF+UR treatment were increased by 14.3%-16.9%, 10.1%-11.6% and 5.6%-6.1% compared with UR, and increased by 27.1%-27.8%, 42.1%-47.7% and 8.9%-9.8% compared with CF, respectively. Compared with UR, CF treatment could increase the chalkiness, decrease the protein content and increase the taste value of rice. CF+UR treatment could increase the taste value slightly, but there was no significant difference between CF+UR and other quality indexes. Combined application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and common urea was beneficial to increase rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and improve rice taste value.

Key words: Rice, Controlled-release fertilizer, Yield, Nitrogen use efficiency, Rice quality

Table 1

Analysis of variance of yield and main rice quality indexes"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 产量
Yield		 氮肥农学利用率
Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose content		 蛋白质含量
Protein content		 食味值
Taste value
年份Year (Y) 1 NS NS NS NS NS
品种Variety (V) 1 63.2** 26.2** 100.2** 76.0** 144.0**
处理Treatment (T) 3 222.5** 36.8** 4103.3** 46.5** 468.1**
Y×V 1 NS NS NS NS NS
Y×T 3 NS NS NS NS NS
T×V 3 22.8** 4.69** 4.28** NS 6.73**

Table 2

Effects of controlled release fertilizer and ordinary urea combination on yield and its components"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Number of effective panicles		 穗粒数
Grains number per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量（g/盆）
Yield (g/pot)
NJ9108 0N 20.7b 140.6c 80.1b 25.9a 60.4c
UR 26.7a 158.0ab 82.5a 25.9a 90.1ab
CF 27.4a 155.3b 81.2ab 25.2a 87.1b
CF+UR 27.0a 162.8a 82.8a 25.9a 94.3a
HD5 0N 18.6b 131.3c 80.2a 26.5a 51.9c
UR 25.2a 148.0ab 81.7a 26.7a 81.4ab
CF 26.6a 142.1b 80.7a 25.8a 78.7b
CF+UR 25.5a 155.1a 81.8a 26.7a 86.4a

Fig.1

Effects of combined application of controlled release fertilizer and ordinary urea on the dynamics of rice stem and tiller and percentage of productive tillers Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 5% level, the same below."

Fig.2

Effects of combined application of controlled release fertilizer and ordinary urea on rice leaf area and highly efficient leaf area ratio PI, HD, GF and MA represent panicle differentiation panicle, heading stage, filling stage, and maturity stage, respectively. The same below."

Fig.3

Effects of combined application of controlled release fertilizer and ordinary urea on the main growth period and dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity of rice"

Table 3

Effects of combined application of controlled release fertilizer and ordinary urea on nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 氮素积累总量（g/盆）
Total nitrogen
accumulation (g/pot)		 农学利用率
Agronomic
efficiency (g/g)		 吸收利用率
Recovery
efficiency (%)		 生理利用率
Physiological
efficiency (g/g)		 偏生产力
Partial factor
productivity (g/g)
NJ9108 0N 0.66d － － － －
UR 1.49b 11.9ab 41.4b 35.7b 35.9ab
CF 1.21c 10.7b 32.1c 48.6a 34.8b
CF+UR 2.04a 13.6a 45.6a 24.4c 37.9a
HD5 0N 0.71d － － － －
UR 1.39b 11.8ab 37.1b 43.7b 32.7ab
CF 1.17c 10.8b 28.1c 59.9a 31.6b
CF+UR 2.00a 13.8a 41.5a 26.9c 34.7a

Table 4

Effects of combined application of controlled release fertilizer and ordinary urea on rice processing and appearance quality %"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 糙米率
Brown rice rate		 精米率
Milled rice rate		 整精米率
Head milled rice rate		 垩白率
Chalkiness rate		 垩白度
Chalkiness degree
NJ9108 0N 81.2b 70.6b 67.6b 23.3c 11.0c
UR 84.5a 74.3a 70.2a 32.4b 19.2b
CF 84.1a 73.9a 69.8a 42.4a 28.0a
CF+UR 84.6a 74.3a 70.6a 30.6b 18.6b
HD5 0N 81.4b 70.4b 67.0b 11.9c 7.8c
UR 84.7a 72.4a 69.4a 20.3b 13.6b
CF 84.5a 72.2a 69.4a 38.0a 18.2a
CF+UR 84.8a 72.6a 69.6a 20.3b 13.0b

Fig.4

Effects of combination of controlled release fertilizer and common urea on protein and amylose contents of rice"

Table 5

Effects of combined application of controlled release fertilizer and ordinary urea on the taste characteristics of rice cooking"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 外观
Appearance		 硬度
Hardness		 黏度
Viscosity		 平衡度
Balance
degree		 食味值
Taste
value
NJ9108 0N 7.2a 6.7a 7.1a 7.3a 74.0a
UR 5.6b 6.9a 5.4b 5.5b 62.7c
CF 6.8ab 6.6a 6.7ab 6.5ab 70.0b
CF+UR 5.8b 6.6a 5.4b 5.7b 64.3c
HD5 0N 6.2a 6.4a 7.1a 7.2a 72.3a
UR 5.9a 7.0a 5.6b 5.3b 60.2c
CF 6.6a 6.2a 6.9ab 6.6ab 69.2b
CF+UR 5.6a 6.9a 5.6b 5.6b 62.3c
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