Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 158-163.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.04.020

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Cotton Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency under Rape-Cotton Double Cropping Straw Returning Condition

Zhang Lijuan(), Qin Yukun, Chen Junying   

  1. Jiangxi Economic Crops Research Institute, Jiujiang 332105, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2023-04-04 Revised:2023-05-09 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-14

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Abstract:

Based on the rape-cotton double cropping model, in order to explore the effects of nitrogen application rate on cotton yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization under the condition of rape and cotton straw returning, six treatments were set, T1 was no straw returning+N 180 kg/ha; T2-T6 refered to nitrogen application of 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/ha on the basis of straw returning. The results showed that under the condition of straw returning to the field, nitrogen application could improve the leaf area index at flowering and boll stage, thereby improving the population photosynthetic performance of cotton, and further improving the dry matter accumulation of cotton plants. The boll number and boll weight and other yield traits, seed cotton yield were the highest under the nitrogen application level of 180 kg/ha. The agronomic utilization rate and recovery rate of nitrogen fertilizer decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and decreased significantly when the nitrogen application rate were 120 and 180 kg/ha, respectively. Under the same nitrogen application rate (180 kg/ha), compared with no straw return, straw returning increased the yield of seed cotton by 7.7%, and significantly improving the agronomic and physiological utilization rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Based on the growth and development of cotton and the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, under the condition of full returning of rape and cotton straw in the rape-cotton rotation system, the input of fertilizer nitrogen in cotton field can be reduced appropriately, and 120-180 kg/ha was appropriate.

Key words: Rape-cotton double cropping, Straw returning, Nitrogen fertilizer, Yield, Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on agronomic characteristics of cotton plants"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(mm)		 果枝数
Number of fruit
branches
T1 110.8±15.9ab 11.1±2.0ab 11.6±1.5a
T2 95.3±6.8b 10.0±1.0b 11.4±0.7a
T3 104.3±2.1ab 10.1±0.6ab 11.2±1.3a
T4 108.8±10.4ab 11.3±0.8ab 12.0±2.5a
T5 114.3±9.5a 12.3±1.0a 12.2±1.1a
T6 110.1±5.9ab 11.3±0.1ab 12.1±0.3a

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of cotton at flowering and bolling stage"

处理
Treatment		 干物质积累量（g/株）
Dry matter accumulation (g/plant)		 LAI
营养器官
Vegetative
organ		 生殖器官
Reproduction
organ		 总干重
Total dry
weight
T1 67.8±3.6b 30.2±0.8b 98.0±4.1bc 4.41±0.92c
T2 47.6±1.0d 19.9±2.7c 67.5±1.9d 3.21±0.31d
T3 55.3±4.4c 34.3±2.6ab 89.6±3.7c 3.59±0.60cd
T4 70.1±5.4b 35.2±3.8ab 105.3±5.8ab 4.15±0.71c
T5 73.4±3.6b 39.9±8.1a 113.3±11.7a 5.39±0.42b
T6 79.5±2.1a 27.8±8.5bc 107.3±7.3ab 6.09±0.14a

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on cotton yield and its components and harvest index"

处理
Treatment		 铃数
Boll number (×104/hm2)		 铃重
Boll weight (g)		 籽棉产量
Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2)		 生物产量
Biological yield (t/hm2)		 收获指数
Harvest index (%)
T1 60.74±3.14b 5.83±0.06b 3460.5±30.0b 15.33±0.89a 22.61±1.44ab
T2 48.07±4.51c 5.64±0.05c 2613.0±384.0d 12.73±0.64c 20.47±0.95b
T3 59.18±0.68b 5.86±0.08ab 3094.5±27.0c 13.59±0.52bc 22.78±1.02ab
T4 63.38±2.85a 5.91±0.06ab 3490.5±127.5ab 14.25±0.87ab 24.53±0.96a
T5 64.64±2.19a 5.99±0.09a 3565.0±108.5a 15.28±0.15a 23.34±1.66ab
T6 61.69±3.14ab 5.70±0.03c 3443.4±28.8b 14.95±0.57a 23.05±1.09ab

Fig.1

Relationship between nitrogen application rate and seed cotton yield under straw returning"

Table 4

Effects of different treatments on nitrogen absorption kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 氮素吸收Nitrogen absorption
籽棉Seed cotton 废弃物Waste 总量Total amount
T1 4.9±0.1b 195.5±12.1a 200.4±12.2a
T2 3.9±0.2c 128.4±7.4c 132.3±7.5c
T3 4.8±0.4b 157.8±8.2b 162.6±7.9b
T4 4.8±0.2b 178.1±12.5a 182.9±12.3a
T5 5.6±0.5a 190.4±5.7a 195.9±6.2a
T6 4.8±0.3b 184.3±3.6a 189.1±3.3a

Table 5

Effects of different treatments on nitrogen fertilizer utilization"

处理
Treatment		 农学利用率
NAE (kg/kg)		 生理利用率
NPE (kg/kg)		 回收利用率
NRE (%)		 氮肥收获指数
NHI
T1 4.71±0.51c 12.46±1.28b 37.82±7.73ab 2.46±0.38a
T2 － － － 3.03±0.53a
T3 8.03±1.24a 15.93±0.93a 50.42±4.47a 3.05±1.36a
T4 7.32±2.28a 17.36±3.55a 42.17±12.32a 2.68±0.53a
T5 5.29±1.18b 14.98±0.94a 35.32±8.42ab 2.84±0.06a
T6 3.46±1.28c 14.64±2.93a 23.65±5.40b 2.53±0.30a
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