Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 109-118.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.03.014

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Response of Photosynthetic Characteristics, Root Growth and Yield of Summer Maize to Subsoiling and Increasing Density in Lime Concretion Black Soil

Guo Haibin1(), Zhang Jungang1, Wang Wenwen2, Xue Zhiwei3, Xu Haitao1, Feng Xiaoxi1, Wang Bingong4(), Wang Chengye1   

  1. 1Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Zhumadian Comprehensive Experimental Station, Henan Maize Industrial Technology System, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
    2Pingyu Agricultural Science and Technology Experimental Station, Pingyu 463400, Henan, China
    3Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
    4Shangcai County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Shangcai 463800, Henan, China
  • Received:2023-02-03 Revised:2023-05-15 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-18

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Abstract:

In order to investigate the characteristics of changes in photosynthetic characteristics, root growth and grain yield of summer maize after subsoiling and density increasing in lime concretion black soil in the south of Huang-Huai-Hai region, a field experiment was conducted with two tillage methods (conventional rotary tillage and subsoiling tillage) and five planting densities (4.5×104, 6.0×104, 7.5×104, 9.0×104, 10.5×104 plants/ha). The results showed that after subsoiling tillage, the light transmittances of ear position layer and bottom layer, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance increased by 14.8%, 10.9%, 9.0%, 3.7% and 12.7%, respectively. The root dry weight, length and surface area increased by 19.6%, 15.8% and 15.0%, respectively. The ear number, grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight increased by 1.4%, 4.3% and 5.4%, respectively. The maximum yield was obtained under the planting density of 9.09×104 plants/ha, compared with conventional rotary tillage, the optimum planting density increased by 9.7%, and the average yield increased by 8.4%. Therefore, subsoiling tillage can improve the potential of increasing density and yield of summer maize in lime concretion black soil in the south of Huang-Huai-Hai.

Key words: Summer maize, Subsoiling tillage, Planting density, Photosynthetic characteristics, Root distribution, Grain yield

Fig.1

Monthly precipitation, average temperature and sunshine hours from 2021 to 2022"

Table 1

Effects of tillage method, planting density and their interaction on photosynthetic characteristics, root growth and grain yield of maize"

年份Year 处理Treatment LTE LTB Pn Tr Gs RDW RL RUA EN GNPE 1000-GW GY
2021 耕作方式 <0.001 < 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
种植密度 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
耕作方式×种植密度 0.022 0.037 0.015 0.902 0.045 0.009 0.001 <0.001 0.044 <0.001 0.021 <0.001
2022 耕作方式 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
种植密度 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
耕作方式×种植密度 0.001 0.034 0.042 0.003 0.039 0.005 <0.001 <0.001 0.035 <0.001 0.025 <0.001

Fig.2

Changes of canopy light transmittance under different planting densities of two tillage methods Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 5% level in the same tillage method, the same below."

Fig.3

Changes of photosynthetic characteristics under different planting densities of two tillage methods"

Fig.4

Changes of root dry weight under different planting densities of two tillage methods"

Fig.5

Changes of root dry weight proportion distribution under different planting densities of two tillage methods"

Fig.6

Changes of root length under different planting densities of two tillage methods"

Fig.7

Changes of root length proportion distribution under different planting densities of two tillage methods"

Fig.8

Changes of root surface area under different planting densities of two tillage methods"

Fig.9

Changes of root surface area proportion distribution under different planting densities of two tillage methods"

Fig.10

Changes of yield components under different planting densities of two tillage methods"

Fig.11

Changes of grain yield under different planting densities of two tillage methods"

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