Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 87-94.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.04.011

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis of Grain Calcium Content, Quality and Agronomic Characteristics of 66 Foxtail Millet Varieties

Du Bing(), Yang Furong, Wang Cheng, Guo Haojie, Zhang Fuhou, Meng Chaomin()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology / Henan Dryland Crop Germplasm Resources Utilization Engineering Research Center, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
  • Received:2024-03-25 Revised:2024-08-05 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-12

RichHTML

6

PDF (PC)

166

Abstract:

In order to identify key factors influencing foxtail millet grain calcium content, we analyzed 66 foxtail millet varieties for grain calcium content, nine agronomic traits, and 11 quality traits using variability analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. The results showed that the average grain calcium content of 66 foxtail millet varieties was 29.01 mg/100 g, among which Jingu 5 (45.75 mg/100 g) and Yugu 47 (43.95 mg/100 g) had the highest grain calcium content. The variation of nine agronomic traits ranged from 7.56% to 22.32%, and the variation of 11 quality traits ranged from 1.45% to 39.61%. In principal component analysis, six principal components with cumulative contribution rate of 79.689% were selected for evaluation, among which the contribution rate of the first principal component was the highest. 66 foxtail millet varieties were divided into three groups by cluster analysis. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between grain calcium content and agronomic traits, but the content of methionine, leucine and tryptophan in quality traits had a significant positive effect on grain calcium content.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Grain calcium content, Quality characteristics, Agronomic characteristics, Correlation

Table 1

Test foxtail millet varieties"

编号
Number		 种质名称
Germplasm name		 来源地
Source		 编号
Number		 种质名称
Germplasm name		 来源地
Source		 编号
Number		 种质名称
Germplasm name		 来源地
Source
S1 豫谷18 河南 S9 豫谷35 河南 S17 豫谷48 河南
S2 豫谷27 河南 S10 豫谷36 河南 S18 冀谷37 河北
S3 豫谷28 河南 S11 豫谷37 河南 S19 冀谷38 河北
S4 豫谷29 河南 S12 豫谷40 河南 S20 冀谷39 河北
S5 豫谷30 河南 S13 豫谷41 河南 S21 冀谷41 河北
S6 豫谷31 河南 S14 豫谷43 河南 S22 冀谷42 河北
S7 豫谷33 河南 S15 豫谷45 河南 S23 冀谷48 河北
S8 豫谷34 河南 S16 豫谷47 河南 S24 济谷11 山东
S25 济谷13 山东 S39 长生07 山西 S53 京谷4号 北京
S26 济谷17 山东 S40 长生13 山西 S54 九谷25 吉林
S27 济谷19 山东 S41 晋谷21 山西 S55 龙谷39 黑龙江
S28 济谷20 山东 S42 长农35 山西 S56 洛谷05 河南
S29 济谷21 山东 S43 长农47 山西 S57 农谷09-6 河南
S30 济谷22 山东 S44 豫杂谷1号 河南 S58 宛谷1号 河南
S31 济白米1号 山东 S45 金谷5号 河北 S59 宛谷2号 河南
S32 济糯米2号 山东 S46 东昌金谷 河北 S60 张杂谷26 河北
S33 中谷1 北京 S47 沧谷9号 河北 S61 浙粟1号 浙江
S34 中谷2 北京 S48 朝谷58 辽宁 S62 浙粟2号 浙江
S35 中谷15 北京 S49 衡谷36 河北 S63 中杂谷5 北京
S36 中谷989 北京 S50 华谷12 山东 S64 中杂谷32 北京
S37 天粟1号 河北 S51 晋品谷5 山西 S65 中杂谷36 北京
S38 天粟2号 河北 S52 京谷3号 北京 S66 天粟10号 河北

Table 2

Analysis of foxtail millet agronomic characteristics"

性状Trait 最小值Minimum value 最大值Maximum value 均值Mean value 标准差SD 变异系数CV (%)
株高PH (cm) 86.53 172.31 107.91 13.99 12.96
穗下节间长PNL (cm) 7.86 22.62 14.18 3.16 22.32
倒二叶长LL (cm) 33.47 53.69 41.60 3.39 8.15
倒二叶宽LW (cm) 2.48 3.72 3.25 0.25 7.56
穗长PL (cm) 17.90 29.08 22.62 2.10 9.30
穗粗PW (mm) 12.76 28.10 21.89 2.83 12.93
茎粗SD (mm) 4.21 10.60 7.99 1.11 13.94
叶片数NL 9.56 17.67 11.25 1.23 10.89
千粒重GW (g) 1.90 3.09 2.57 0.21 8.05

Table 3

Analysis of foxtail millet quality characteristics (%)"

性状Trait 最小值Minimum value 最大值Maximum value 均值Mean value 标准差SD 变异系数CV
水分WC 8.16 9.96 9.57 0.25 2.63
碳水化合物CHO 71.55 78.48 74.25 1.08 1.45
粗蛋白CP 7.17 12.43 10.53 0.84 8.02
粗脂肪EF 1.80 5.48 4.70 0.43 9.15
粗纤维CF 0.15 1.43 0.61 0.24 39.61
粗灰分Ash 1.06 1.43 1.25 0.06 5.13
赖氨酸Lys 0.01 0.18 0.13 0.02 19.12
苯丙氨酸Phe 0.42 0.63 0.54 0.04 7.49
蛋氨酸Met 0.27 0.46 0.30 0.03 8.94
亮氨酸Leu 1.17 1.72 1.37 0.12 8.71
色氨酸Trp 0.26 0.35 0.29 0.02 8.30

Table 4

Grain calcium content of 66 foxtail millet varieties mg/100g"

编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 Ca 编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 Ca
S45 金谷5号 45.75 S46 东昌金谷 30.83
S16 豫谷47 43.95 S52 京谷3号 30.35
S66 天粟10号 42.62 S43 长农47 30.00
S65 中杂谷36 42.62 S27 济谷19 29.95
S26 济谷17 41.43 S58 宛谷1号 29.92
S40 长生13 40.67 S29 济谷21 29.58
S35 中谷15 38.48 S63 中杂谷5号 29.38
S21 冀谷41 38.28 S55 龙谷39 28.98
S62 浙粟2号 38.22 S60 张杂谷26 28.92
S41 晋谷21 36.83 S44 豫杂谷1号 28.87
S39 长生07 34.75 S20 冀谷39 28.68
S61 浙粟1号 32.02 S59 宛谷2号 28.53
S38 天粟2号 31.88 S56 洛谷05 28.13
S42 长农35 31.53 S9 豫谷35 28.13
S8 豫谷34 31.23 S25 济谷13 28.13
S15 豫谷45 27.82 S50 华谷12 26.40
S31 济白米1号 25.02 S24 济谷11 23.92
S49 衡谷36 27.80 S18 冀谷37 26.35
S49 豫谷36 24.82 S12 豫谷40 23.65
S48 朝谷58 27.67 S47 沧谷9号 26.35
S64 中杂谷32 24.81 S30 济谷22 23.57
S54 九谷25 27.67 S57 农谷09-6 26.02
S37 天粟1号 24.80 S17 豫谷48 23.03
S33 中谷1 27.65 S7 豫谷33 25.51
S34 中谷2 24.63 S32 济糯米2号 22.75
S3 豫谷28 27.47 S1 豫谷18 25.47
S53 京谷4号 24.52 S6 豫谷31 22.57
S2 豫谷27 27.43 S51 晋品谷5 25.33
S4 豫谷29 24.47 S23 冀谷48 22.42
S22 冀谷42 27.15 S5 豫谷30 25.15
S11 豫谷37 24.40 S28 济谷20 22.22
S13 豫谷41 26.93 S36 中谷989 25.03
S14 豫谷43 24.33 S19 冀谷38 20.88

Table 5

Principal component analysis of grain calcium content and agronomic and quality traits of foxtail millet"

性状
Trait		 主成分Principal component
1 2 3 4 5 6
水分WC 0.049 0.793 -0.040 -0.107 -0.212 0.228
碳水化合物CHO -0.889 -0.244 -0.315 0.051 0.034 -0.015
粗蛋白CP 0.938 0.275 0.107 -0.091 -0.054 -0.021
粗脂肪EF 0.592 0.683 0.133 -0.039 0.067 -0.028
粗纤维CF -0.256 -0.282 0.030 0.763 0.332 0.123
粗灰分Ash 0.439 0.436 -0.433 0.547 0.188 0.011
赖氨酸Lys 0.100 0.695 -0.368 0.285 0.391 -0.170
苯丙氨酸Phe 0.966 0.157 0.041 0.005 -0.052 -0.033
蛋氨酸Met 0.427 -0.830 0.129 0.038 -0.172 -0.034
亮氨酸Leu 0.925 -0.187 0.241 -0.099 -0.135 -0.008
色氨酸Trp 0.879 -0.347 0.031 0.133 -0.062 -0.096
株高PH 0.433 -0.179 0.610 0.040 0.300 0.216
穗下节间长PNL 0.268 -0.087 -0.356 -0.209 0.313 0.732
倒二叶长LL -0.219 -0.072 0.410 -0.371 0.596 -0.174
倒二叶宽LW -0.351 0.287 0.449 0.056 -0.207 0.573
穗长PL -0.171 0.167 0.474 -0.436 0.458 -0.030
穗粗PW -0.429 0.346 0.439 0.093 -0.307 0.102
茎粗SD -0.395 0.339 0.586 0.135 -0.332 -0.153
叶片数NL -0.002 0.115 0.771 0.331 0.069 -0.153
千粒重GW 0.034 0.043 -0.587 -0.300 -0.209 -0.059
钙含量CA 0.186 -0.400 0.176 0.246 -0.078 0.256
特征值Eigenvalue 5.871 3.417 3.129 1.679 1.462 1.176
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 27.957 16.274 14.900 7.995 6.963 5.602
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 27.957 44.230 59.130 67.125 74.087 79.689

Fig.1

Cluster analysis of grain calcium content and agronomic and quality characteristics of foxtail millet"

Table 6

Statistical analysis of grain calcium content and agronomic and quality traits in different group of foxtail millet"

类群
Group		 PH
(cm)		 PNL
(cm)		 LL
(cm)		 LW
(cm)		 PL
(cm)		 PW
(mm)		 SD
(mm)		 NL GW
(g)		 CA
(%)		 WC
(%)		 CHO
(%)		 CP
(%)		 EF
(%)		 CF
(%)		 Ash
(%)		 Lys
(%)		 Phe
(%)		 Met
(%)		 Leu
(%)		 Trp
(%)
Ⅰ 103.74 13.94 41.61 3.25 22.68 22.11 8.04 11.08 2.59 26.76 9.61 74.40 10.44 4.70 0.59 1.25 0.13 0.53 0.30 1.33 0.29
Ⅱ 102.10 14.24 41.07 3.18 21.60 21.30 7.58 10.76 2.61 42.48 9.38 75.11 9.87 4.26 0.72 1.22 0.11 0.51 0.33 1.34 0.29
Ⅲ 139.35 15.69 41.95 3.32 22.99 20.91 7.97 12.75 2.46 33.52 9.51 72.61 11.59 5.01 0.63 1.25 0.11 0.59 0.33 1.56 0.32

Table 7

Correlation between grain calcium content and agronomic traits of foxtail millet"

性状Trait PH PNL LL LW PL PW SD NL GW CA
PH 1.000
PNL 0.169 1.000
LL 0.186 -0.072 1.000
LW 0.050 0.028 0.061 1.000
PL 0.208 -0.077 0.567** 0.200 1.000
PW -0.171 -0.353** 0.189 0.583** 0.201 1.000
SD -0.004 -0.478** 0.109 0.482** 0.189 0.563** 1.000
NL 0.619** -0.396** 0.119 0.265* 0.241 0.232 0.526** 1.000
GW -0.295* 0.159 -0.236 -0.217 -0.125 -0.188 -0.235 -0.405** 1.000
CA 0.222 0.017 -0.015 -0.027 -0.089 0.025 -0.138 0.039 -0.119 1.000

Table 8

Correlation between grain calcium content and quality characteristics of foxtail millet"

性状Trait WC CHO CP EF CF Ash Lys Phe Met Leu Trp CA
WC 1.000
CHO -0.216* 1.000
CP 0.251* -0.944** 1.000
EF 0.480** -0.791** 0.742** 1.000
CF -0.301** 0.294** -0.405** -0.349** 1.000
Ash 0.280* -0.295** 0.446** 0.421** 0.257* 1.000
Lys 0.340** -0.092 0.212* 0.498** 0.011 0.739** 1.000
Phe 0.184 -0.899** 0.974** 0.637** -0.310** 0.497** 0.181 1.000
Met -0.631** -0.218* 0.202 -0.360** 0.157 -0.169 -0.622** 0.320** 1.000
Leu -0.084 -0.866** 0.873** 0.413** -0.273* 0.164 -0.217* 0.900** 0.625** 1.000
Trp -0.283* -0.691** 0.729** 0.233* -0.025 0.321** -0.136 0.833** 0.752** 0.907** 1.000
CA -0.232* -0.120 0.070 -0.078 0.178 -0.032 -0.244* 0.100 0.369** 0.225* 0.264* 1.000
[1] 李涌泉, 金赟, 李佳月, 等. 晋北谷子农艺和营养品质性状的相关性分析. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(29):22-30.
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1037
[2] Yang X Y, Wang Z W, Linda P, et al. Early millet use in northern China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, 109(10):3726-3730.
[3] 刘敏轩, 陆平. 中国谷子育成品种维生素E含量分布规律及其与主要农艺性状和类胡萝卜素的相关性分析. 作物学报, 2013, 39(3):398-408.
[4] Weaver C M, Martin B R, Jackson G S, et al. Calcium-41: a technology for monitoring changes in bone mineral. Osteoporosis International, 2017, 28(4):1215-1223.
doi: 10.1007/s00198-016-3849-3 pmid: 27928628
[5] Gomez‐Coronado F, Almeida A S, Santamaria O, et al. Potential of advanced breeding lines of bread‐making wheat to accumulate grain minerals (Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn) and low phytates under Mediterranean conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2019, 205(3):341-352.
doi: 10.1111/jac.12325
[6] 顾景范. 《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015)》解读. 营养学报, 2016, 38(6):525-529.
[7] 刘玉秀, 黄淑华, 王景琳, 等. 小麦籽粒钙元素含量的研究进展. 作物学报, 2021, 47(2):187-196.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.01045
[8] 毛丽萍, 李凤翔, 杨玲存. 小米的营养价值和深加工. 河北省科学院学报, 1997(2):15-18.
[9] 张爱霞, 刘晓东, 王桂荣, 等. 谷子主要营养品质性状遗传差异与选择研究. 中国农学通报, 2012, 28(21):58-62.
[10] 刘思辰, 曹晓宁, 温琪汾, 等. 山西谷子地方品种农艺性状和品质性状的综合评价. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(11):2137-2148.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.11.001
[11] 赵利蓉, 马珂, 张丽光, 等. 不同生态区谷子品种农艺性状和品质分析. 作物杂志, 2022(2):44-53.
[12] 付颖, 沈轶男, 刘艳春, 等. 不同春谷品种支链淀粉含量与营养品质指标及农艺性状的相关性分析. 作物杂志, 2019(2):90-93.
[13] 陆平. 谷子种质资源描述规范和数据标准. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006.
[14] 田翔, 秦慧彬, 王君杰, 等. 近红外光谱法快速测定小米品质. 粮食与油脂, 2021, 34(10):145-148.
[15] 卫学青, 黄晓书, 李鹏坤, 等. 不同谷子品种中微量元素的ICP-OES法测定. 贵州农业科学, 2009, 37(6):73-75.
[16] 严丽坤. 相关系数与偏相关系数在相关分析中的应用. 云南财贸学院学报, 2003, 19(3):78-80.
[17] 李晓宇, 王昆鹏, 刘迎春, 等. 谷子主要农艺性状分析. 内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 36(2):26-30.
[18] 李龙, 宋慧, 张扬, 等. 不同生态区谷子品种在华北地区农艺性状及适应性评价. 江苏农业科学, 2023, 51(14):90-94.
[19] 任芹勇, 樊巧利, 李涛, 等. 65份谷子品种农艺性状聚类和相关性. 分子植物育种, 2017, 15(12):5178-5188.
[20] 何继红, 杨天育, 吴国忠. 甘肃省谷子地方品种营养品质的分析与评价. 植物遗传资源科学, 2002, 3(1):41-44.
[21] 王海岗, 贾冠清, 智慧, 等. 谷子核心种质表型遗传多样性分析及综合评价. 作物学报, 2016, 42(1):19-30.
[22] 赵芳, 魏玮, 张晓磊, 等. 224个谷子品种农艺性状聚类和相关性分析. 种子, 2022, 41(1):74-83.
[23] 薛亚鹏, 王蓉, 柴小娇, 等. 谷子四大名米品种群农艺及品质性状评价与亲缘关系分析. 植物遗传资源学报, 2024, 25(4):904-921.
[24] 李涌泉, 赵悠悠, 孙学良, 等. 晋北谷子农艺性状和营养品质的适应性评价. 山西农业科学, 2023, 51(6):645-652.
[25] 白玉婷, 李强, 高志军, 等. 春播夏谷子品系农艺性状的相关性和聚类分析. 分子植物育种, 2020, 18(7):2338-2351.
[26] 解慧芳, 牛静, 邢璐, 等. 117份谷子核心种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析. 江苏农业科学, 2023, 51(13):76-81.
[27] 王春芳. 利用微卫星标记分析中国谷子地方品种的群体结构与遗传多样性. 石家庄: 河北师范大学, 2011.
[28] 贾小平, 陆平, 董志平, 等. 42个谷子品种的聚类分析. 种子, 2016, 35(1):64-67.
[29] 王思琦, 宋记明, 曹敏, 等. 不同木薯种质资源主要矿物质元素差异性分析. 热带作物学报, 2022, 43(8):1577-1586.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.08.006
[30] 王乐幸, 刘世红, 魏静, 等. 外源钙和硅对‘瑞阳’苹果钙含量和果实品质的影响. 西北农业学报, 2024, 33(2):235-244.
[31] Guttieri J M, Baenziger S P, Frels K, et al. Variation for grain mineral concentration in a diversity panel of current and historical great plains hard winter wheat germplasm. Crop Science, 2015, 55(3):1035-1052.
[32] 李东霞, 符海泉, 杨伟波, 等. 不同钙处理对花生农艺性状和钙含量的影响. 西南农业学报, 2018, 31(2):354-359.
[33] 王倩朝, 孔治有, 环秀菊, 等. 藜麦农艺性状及矿物质元素遗传特性分析与评价. 西南农业学报, 2021, 34(6):1167-1172.
[1] Dong Yang, Yan Feng, Zhao Fuyang, Hou Xiaomin, Li Qingquan, Li Qingchao, Liu Yue, Lan Ying, Yang Huiying, Wang Bingxue, Xu Yan. Effects of Different Herbicide Application Schemes on Foxtail Millet Growth and Soil Microorganisms [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(4): 238-244.
[2] Hao Hongbo, Yu Guohong, Liu Shanhe, Zhang Ruixue, Liu Jianjun, Li Mingzhe. The Study on the Breeding and Prematurity of a Ultra-Early Maturing and Dwarf Foxtail Millet Variety Henggu 12 [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(3): 38-44.
[3] Zhao Yajie, Wen Rui, Jia Yiming, Jin Xiaolei, Zhang Yonghu, Zhang Lijun, Zhang Biao, Zhang Hui, Yu Lixia. Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits of Foxtail Millet Germplasm Resources [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(3): 61-69.
[4] Ma Yingchen, Wang Jiatong, Feng Yanfei, Ma Haoxiong, Ren Xuejun, Guo Zhenqing, Li Yun, Han Yucui, Lin Xiaohu. Impacts of the Residual Effects of the Combined Application of Compound Fertilizers and Microbial Inoculant on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Quality of Foxtail Millet [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(2): 141-148.
[5] Hou Xiaomin, Yan Feng, Dong Yang, Zhao Fuyang, Li Qingquan, Ji Shengdong, Liu Yue, Lan Ying. Effects of Exogenous Betaine on Germination and Seedling Physiological Characteristics of Foxtail Millet under Drought Stress [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(2): 228-233.
[6] Liu Yanli, Ping Wenchao, Zhou Lulu, Zhang Lixin, Xie Xinyu, Wang Wei, Tian Bohong. Study on Reasonable Application Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrogen Absorption Parameters of Summer-Sown Foxtail Millet in Dry and Thin Land [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(2): 249-255.
[7] Luo Jianke, Zhang Kehou, Wang Zeyu, Zhang Pingzhen, Nan Ming. Research on the Production Performance of 18 Oat Varieties (Lines) in the Irrigation Area along the Yellow River in Baiyin City [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(2): 93-100.
[8] Ma Lina, Wei Yuming, Wen Lifang, Zhang Xuejian, Yang Zhao, Huang Jie, Zhang Shengchang, Li Xiaoyu, Liu Huan, Yang Farong. Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Quality of 22 Quinoa Germplasms in Yuanmou Area of Yunnan Province [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(6): 47-54.
[9] Yu Mu, Yang Haitang, Hu Yanling, Liu Ruanzhi, Shi Yanzhao, Li Pan, Han Yanhong, Zhu Zhenzhen, Li Shizhong, Guo Zhenchao. Genotype-by-Environment Interaction and Stability of Yield Components in Peanut [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(6): 55-60.
[10] Han Xue, Yang Dandan, Kong Xinxin, Zhao Pengfei, Jin Jianmeng, Su Yazhong, Zhao Guoxuan, Zhao Guojian. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Quality Traits and Gliadin in 200 Wheat Germplasm Resources [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(6): 61-70.
[11] Sun Yuantao, Long Wenjing, Liu Tianpeng, Zhao Ganlin, Ding Guoxiang, Xiang Jianyu, Li Yuan, Huang Lei, Ni Xianlin. Combining Ability and Correlation Analysis of Main Traits of 12 Glutinous Sorghum Parents [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(6): 84-90.
[12] Zhou Xue, Han Fang, Su Leping, Li Xingxing, Niu Hongwei, Guo Wei, Yuan Hongʼan. Effects of Planting Density on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Spring Foxtail Millet [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(5): 241-246.
[13] Li Yawei, Zhang Lei, Liu Tianpeng, He Jihong, Dong Kongjun, Ren Ruiyu, Yang Tianyu. Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic and Economic Characteristics of Foxtail Millet in Northwest Ecological Region [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(5): 48-53.
[14] Yuan Di, Zhi Hui, Wang Haigang, Zhang Hui, Yao Qi, Liang Hongkai, Wang Junjie, Chen Ling, Diao Xianmin, Jia Guanqing. Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Registered Varieties of Foxtail Millet in China [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(4): 14-23.
[15] Du Jie, Feng Yu, Xia Qing, Zhi Hui, Wang Wenxia. Mechanism of Exogenous Brassinolide in Alleviating Drought Stress Injury at Panicle Differentiation Stage in Foxtail Millet [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(4): 144-151.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!