Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 231-237.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.04.029

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Regulation of Yield and Lodging Resistance of Stem in Tartary Buckwheat by Paclobutrazol Leaf Spraying

Li Yun1(), Wang Jing1, Liu Yankun1, Zhao Guanghui1(), Zheng Minna2   

  1. 1Cangzhou Technical College, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, China
    2High Latitude Crops Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Datong 037008, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2024-06-07 Revised:2024-07-26 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-12

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Abstract:

Lodging is one of the main factors affecting the yield and quality of tartary buckwheat. Effectively reducing lodging incidence is of great significance to ensure stable yield of tartary buckwheat. Under field conditions, a study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of leaf spraying paclobutrazol at the full flowering stage on lodging resistance, grain yield, and its components in the tartary buckwheat variety Chuanqiao No.1. The applied concentrations were 10 (T1), 20 (T2), 40 (T3), 80 (T4), and 160 μg/mL (T5), with a water treatment (T0) serving as the control. The results showed that the main stem morphology and yield traits of tartary buckwheat plants were significantly changed by the application of paclobutrazol at full flowering stage. There were significant differences in the number of main stem nodes, number of branches and seed-setting rates among different concentrations of spraying (P < 0.05), and spraying a certain concentration could increase the yield of tartary buckwheat. The plant height and stem height of center of gravity of tartary buckwheat were significantly reduced by paclobutrazol application. High concentration treatment (T5) was 27% and 49% lower than control (T0), respectively. At the same time, paclobutrazol could restrain the longitudinal internode growth of tartary buckwheat stem, and the stem thickness, stem wall thickness, stem density and fullness at the second internode increased with the increase of spraying concentration. The second internode under the T4 treatment showed the largest stem thickness and the shortest stem length, and the T5 treatment showed the highest stem bending strength and the lowest lodging index. There were significant negative correlations between plant height, stem height of center of gravity, stem thickness and number of main stem nodes and lodging resistance index (P < 0.05), while there were significant positive correlations between stem length, stem wall thickness, stem density, stem fullness, stem bending strength and lodging resistance index (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between stem lodging resistance index and grain yield and its components, but a positive correlation with number of main stem branches. According to the comprehensive analysis of grey correlation degree, the effects of different concentrations were T5 > T0 > T4 > T2 > T1 > T3. Under the experimental conditions, the correlation of leaf spraying with paclobutrazol at 80 μg/mL was 3.1127, which could effectively enhance the lodging resistance ability of tartary buckwheat while increasing its yield, and was a more suitable cultivation measure for preventing lodging and increasing yield.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, Paclobutrazol, Yield, Stem morphology, Lodging resistance

Table 1

Temperature and precipitation statistics during growth period"

指标Index 五月May 六月June 七月July 八月August 九月September
日均最高气温Average daily maximum temperature (℃) 23.3 27.9 29.6 28.4 22.4
日均最低气温Average daily minimum temperature (℃) 13.7 18.8 21.0 23.9 16.2
总降水量Total precipitation (mm) 74.5 27.4 51.2 19.3 30.8
日照时数Sunshine duration (h) 433.7 444.0 440.9 415.8 370.3

Fig.1

Main stem morphology of tartary buckwheat treated with different concentrations of paclobutrazol The different capital and lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively, the same below."

Table 2

Effects of paclobutrazol treatments at different concentrations on yield components of tartary buckwheat"

处理Treatment T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
饱满率Plumpness rate (%) 91.67±0.01abA 92.33±0.03aA 91.00±0.03abA 91.00±0.03abA 91.67±0.02abA 92.33±0.03aA
杂粒率Impurity rate (%) 7.00±0.04bB 9.00±0.05aA 7.00±0.04bB 8.00±0.05abAB 8.00±0.05abAB 9.00±0.05aA
结实率Seed-setting rate (%) 39.47±0.05bAB 40.50±0.05bAB 40.17±0.05bAB 40.47±0.06bAB 42.27±0.06abA 43.50±0.07aA
单株粒数Grains per plant 353.03±193.20aA 273.87±69.00bB 180.20±113.36eE 187.80±153.43eE 252.67±132.95cC 207.77±103.14dD
单株粒重
Grain weight per plant (g)		 5.95±2.77aA
 4.30±1.35abAB
 3.41±1.95bB
 3.24±2.31bB
 4.03±2.10abAB
 3.75±1.94bB
单株鲜重
Fresh weight per plant (g)		 94.47±39.28aA
 91.47±37.78bB
 90.27±35.98bcBC
 89.47±34.28cBC
 89.17±36.14cBC
 91.33±35.36bB
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 16.53±1.51abA 16.93±1.36abA 16.87±1.03abA 17.53±1.53aA 15.93±1.01bAB 16.73±1.14abA
籽粒干物质积累量
Grain dry matter accumulation (g)		 62.77±36.26aA
 58.93±34.26bcB
 57.80±33.29dBC
 59.07±31.97bcB
 59.27±33.86bcB
 60.87±34.20bB

Table 3

Effects of different concentration paclobutrazol treatment on grains yield of tartary buckwheat"

处理
Treatment		 小区产量Plot yield (kg/10 m2) 折合产量
Equivalent yield
(kg/hm2)		 较对照增减
Increase or decrease
compared with CK (±%)		 排序
Rank
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
T0 1.79±0.87aA 2.06±1.12aA 2.40±1.61aA 2081.22±1144.01cB － 6
T1 1.74±0.84aA 1.95±0.97aA 2.01±1.01abAB 1898.98±910.62dBC -8.76 5
T2 1.94±0.95aA 2.19±1.16aA 1.95±0.91abAB 2025.66±993.33cB -2.67 4
T3 2.00±0.95aA 2.47±1.48aA 2.23±1.16aA 2234.56±1183.31aA 7.37 1
T4 2.04±0.94aA 1.99±0.87aA 2.45±1.17aA 2157.89±986.54bAB 3.68 3
T5 1.94±0.75aA 2.31±1.06aA 2.31±0.73aA 2184.55±806.74bAB 4.96 2

Table 4

Variance analysis of tartary buckwheat yield treated with different concentrations of paclobutrazol"

变异来源
Source of variation		 平方和
SS		 自由度
df		 均方
MS		 F值
F-value		 P0.05 P0.01
区组间Groups 0.9694 3 0.4467 11.125** 0.9786 0.4052
处理间Treatments 0.4854 4 0.1022 3.846 0.0503 0.0196
误差Error 0.7699 10 0.0771
总变异Total variation 2.2247 17

Fig.2

Effects of paclobutrazol treatments at different concentrations on the stem and internode traits of tartary buckwheat"

Table 5

Effects of paclobutrazol treatments at different concentrations on stem internode of tartary buckwheat"

处理
Treatment		 基部第2节间The second internode of base stem
茎秆壁厚
Stem wall
thickness (mm)		 茎秆鲜重
Stem fresh
weight (g)		 茎秆密度
Stem density
(g/cm3)		 茎秆充实度
Stem fullness
(g/cm)		 茎秆抗折力
Stem bending
strength (gf)		 茎秆倒伏指数
Stem lodging
index
T0 1.15±0.76abAB 0.64±0.11bA 1.12±0.11abA 0.34±0.01abA 318.89±18.36dD 2.79±0.82aA
T1 1.35±0.08abAB 0.80±0.14abA 1.18±0.27abA 0.41±0.01abA 336.67±22.69cdC 2.36±0.67abA
T2 1.31±0.42abAB 0.86±0.22abA 1.27±0.43abA 0.39±0.01abA 353.33±28.35cC 2.19±0.40abAB
T3 1.58±0.13abA 0.97±0.22aA 1.34±0.45abA 0.48±0.01aA 380.00±27.71bB 2.10±0.78abAB
T4 1.84±0.66aA 1.04±0.10aA 1.41±0.29aA 0.56±0.01aA 394.44±25.72bAB 1.94±0.79abAB
T5 1.79±0.71aA 1.06±0.08aA 1.47±0.34aA 0.69±0.01aA 412.22±21.91aA 1.76±0.14bB

Fig.3

Correlation analysis of yield traits and lodging traits NMSN: number of main stem nodes; NMSB: number of main stem branches; NGPP: number of grains per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant; FWPP: fresh weight per plant; TGW: 1000-grain weight; GDMA: grain dry matter accumulation; GY: grain yield; PH: plant height; SHCG: stem height of center gravity; SL: stem length; ST: stem thickness; SWT: stem wall thickness; SD: stem density; SF: stem fullness; SBS: stem bending strength; SLRI: stem lodging resistance index.“*”indicates significant correlation (P < 0.05), “**”indicates extremely significant correlation (P < 0.01)."

Table 6

Comprehensive evaluation of paclobutrazol treatments at different concentrations"

处理Treatment 关联度Correlation degree 排序Rank
T0 0.9676 5
T1 0.9773 4
T2 0.9334 6
T3 1.1921 3
T4 3.1127 1
T5 2.3168 2
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