Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 266-271.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.05.034

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Effects of Different Urea Types and Application Methods on Plant Characteristics and Yield Composition of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation

Li Jie1,3(), Zhang Yongqiang2,3(), Lei Junjie2,3, Lü Xiaoqing4, Chen Chuanxin2,3, Xu Qijiang2,3, Nie Shihui2,3, Xu Wenxiu1(), Chang Xuhong5   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2 Institute of Cereal Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
    3 Key Laboratory of Desert Oasis Crops Physiological Ecology and Cultivation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
    4 Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Manas County, Manas 832200, Xinjiang, China
    5 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-09-21 Revised:2024-11-06 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-21

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Abstract:

This study analyzed the effects of different urea types and application methods on the growth and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation, and provided a theoretical basis for rational application of urea in drip-irrigated winter wheat in Xinjiang. Under field drip irrigation conditions from 2021 to 2022, Xindong 18 was used as material to set up five treatments: no urea (F0), ordinary urea (F1), humic acid urea (F2), controlled release urea single base application (F3) and controlled release urea divided application (F4). Except for F0, the amount of pure nitrogen in each treatment was 225 kg/ha. The effects of different treatments on plant type traits, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), dry matter transport and grain yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation were studied. The results showed that the plant height, ear length, peduncle length and length of the second internode from top of drip-irrigated winter wheat were increased by F1 treatment compared with F0 treatment. Compared with F1 treatment, the plant height and internode length of other urea treatments decreased, while the spike length increased relatively, among which F4 treatment showed the shortest plant height and longest ear. LAI of all treatments at anthesis stage and filling stage was F4>F3>F1>F2>F0, and the change rule of LAD was the same as LAI. Fractional application of controlled release urea can effectively promote post anthesis dry matter production and grain transfer of wheat. The highest yield of winter wheat was 9210.95 kg/ha under F4 treatment, which was 21.64%, 12.52%, 8.12% and 6.52% higher than that under F0, F1, F2 and F3 treatments, respectively. The comprehensive analysis showed that under the experimental conditions, the controlled release urea (F4) treatment had better plant type traits, the largest LAI, higher dry matter accumulation and transport efficiency, and higher contribution rate to grain yield.

Key words: Winter wheat, Urea, Yield, Plant characteristic, Drip irrigation

Table 1

Nitrogen fertilizer application period and dosage of different treatments kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 施肥时期及用量Fertilization period and dosage
基肥
Base fertilizer		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 孕穗期
Booting stage
F0 0 0 0
F1 90 90 45
F2 90 90 45
F3 225 0 0
F4 90 90 45

Table 2

Changes of plant traits of drip-irrigated winter wheat under different treatments cm"

处理Treatment 株高Plant height 穗长Spike length J1 J2 J3 J4 J5
F0 83.40b 6.91b 29.75a 22.80a 11.40b 8.85b 3.70c
F1 85.76a 7.58a 26.51b 20.35b 12.98ab 10.93a 7.40a
F2 83.75b 7.63a 26.24b 20.15b 12.86ab 10.15ab 6.71b
F3 82.78b 7.69a 27.98b 19.48b 12.39ab 9.91ab 5.22b
F4 82.46b 7.80a 25.52bc 20.11b 13.34a 10.08ab 7.72a

Fig.1

Changes in LAI of drip-irrigated winter wheat at anthesis and filling stages under different treatments Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same period at the P < 0.05 level, the same below."

Fig.2

Changes in LAD from anthesis stage to filling stage of drip-irrigated winter wheat under different treatments"

Table 3

Changes of dry matter transport and its contribution rate to grain yield of drip-irrigated winter wheat under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 花前干物质Dry matter before anthesis 花后干物质Dry matter after anthesis
转运量
Translocation
amount (kg/hm2)		 转运效率
Translocation
rate (%)		 对籽粒产量贡献率
Contribution rate to
grain yield (%)		 生产量
Photoassimilate
amount (kg/hm2)		 对籽粒产量贡献率
Contribution rate to
grain yield (%)
F0 2233.93d 18b 21b 8444.15c 60c
F1 3883.77a 27a 30a 9119.08b 65b
F2 3058.73b 22b 22b 10 969.08ab 68ab
F3 2806.53b 20b 19b 11 950.40ab 71a
F4 2615.77c 19b 18b 12 262.42a 72a

Table 4

Changes of yield and its components of drip-irrigated winter wheat under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 不孕小穗数
Sterile spikelets		 可孕小穗数
Fertile spikelets		 有效穗数
Effective spikes (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 收获指数
Harvest index (%)
F0 2.96a 15.18b 718.14c 27.34c 33.71c 7572.33c 31.78b
F1 2.91a 15.75b 740.06bc 35.89b 34.24bc 8185.91bc 33.21b
F2 2.62a 15.94b 750.26b 36.60ab 35.44ab 8519.03b 33.77b
F3 2.52a 16.22b 767.27ab 37.51ab 35.89ab 8646.84ab 35.04b
F4 2.22a 17.36a 784.28a 38.66a 36.63a 9210.95a 36.25a

Fig.3

Correlation between agronomic traits and yield indexes of drip-irrigated winter wheat Right-biased ellipse indicates the positive correlation, left-biased ellipse indicates the negative correlation. The smaller the roundness and the darker the color, the stronger the correlation; the larger the roundness and the lighter the color, the lower the correlation. Y: yield; PH: plant height; SL: spike length; ES: effective spikes; GPS: grains per spike; TGW: 1000-grain weight; FS: fertile spikelets; SS: sterile spikelets.“*”and“**”indicate significant correlations at the P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively."

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