Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 113-119.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.05.015

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Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Quality Characteristics of Colored Wheat Varieties Approved in Shandong Province and Research on Improvement Direction

Ma Qiang1(), Li Yankun1(), Wang Gui’e1, Wen Tingting1, Zhang Tianyu1, Tian Jichun2(), Wang Yanxun2,3()   

  1. 1 Shandong Seed Management Station, Jinan 251000, Shandong, China
    2 College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    3 Shandong Botai Seed Industry Technology Co., Ltd., Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2024-07-26 Revised:2024-09-26 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-21

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Abstract:

Colored wheat varieties have natural special nutritional components and beneficial functions for human health, which are of great significance for improving the income of farmers and promoting public health. Taking 20 colored wheat varieties approved in Shandong Province in recent five years as materials, the comprehensive evaluation of six agronomic traits and six quality traits was carried out by using variation coefficient analysis. In addition, the improvement direction of yield and quality traits of colored wheat varieties was put forward by comparing with the same indexes of high-yield group and high-quality group wheat varieties examined and approved during the same period in Shandong Province. In terms of yield traits, the variation coefficients of growth period, plant height, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield of colored wheat ranged from 1.23% to 10.67%, and the coefficient of variation of spikes and grains per spike is larger. The yield of colored wheat varieties was reduced by 15.4% compared with that of high-yield group varieties. In terms of quality traits, the variation coefficients of grain bulk density, protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, water absorption and stabilization time ranged from 1.10% to 50.48%. Among them, the grain bulk density were relatively stable, and the variation of dough stability time was the largest. Therefore, low effective spike per unit area and short dough stability time were the main limiting factors for yield and quality in colored wheat respectively. Yield improvement of colored wheat should focus on developing varieties with high spike formation percentage and high spike number, and quality improvement should create germplasm resources with long dough stability time and breed strong-gluten colored wheat varieties.

Key words: Shandong Province, Approved varieties, Colored wheat, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Approved colored wheat varieties and breeding units in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022"

序号Number 品种Variety 审定编号Approval number 粒色Grain color 育种单位Breeding unit
1 山农紫糯2号 鲁审麦20186029 紫色 山东农业大学
2 济紫麦1号 鲁审麦20196022 紫色 山东省农业科学院作物研究所
3 泰科黑麦1号 鲁审麦20196023 紫色 泰安市农业科学研究院
4 山农蓝麦1号 鲁审麦20206033 蓝色 山东农业大学
5 爱民蓝麦1号 鲁审麦20206036 蓝色 淄博爱民种业有限公司
6 济紫麦2号 鲁审麦20216044 紫色 山东省农业科学院作物研究所
7 济紫麦4号 鲁审麦20216045 紫色 山东省农业科学院作物研究所
8 济蓝麦1号 鲁审麦20216046 蓝色 山东省农业科学院作物研究所
9 山农蓝麦11 鲁审麦20216047 蓝色 山东农业大学
10 泰科紫麦2号 鲁审麦20216048 紫色 泰安市农业科学研究院
11 彩麦08 鲁审麦20216049 紫黑 山东彩麦农业科技有限公司
12 德紫麦1号 鲁审麦20226028 紫色 德州市农业科学研究院
13 鲁粮2号 鲁审麦20226029 紫色 山东农业大学
14 青研紫麦1号 鲁审麦20226030 紫色 青岛市农业科学研究院
15 泰科紫麦3号 鲁审麦20226031 紫色 泰安市农业科学研究院
16 济儒麦22 鲁审麦20226032 紫色 济宁市农业科学研究院
17 烟紫麦1号 鲁审麦20226033 紫色 烟台市农业科学研究院
18 邦泰紫麦1号 鲁审麦20226034 紫色 山东中农天泰种业有限公司
19 彩麦07 鲁审麦20226035 紫黑 山东彩麦农业科技有限公司
20 山农糯麦2号 鲁审麦20226036 紫色 山东农业大学

Table 2

Main agronomic traits of colored wheat approved in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022"

序号
Number		 品种
Variety		 审定年份
Approved
year		 生育期
Growth
period (d)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 穗数
Spikes
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量Yield (kg/hm2)
区域试验
Regional test		 生产试验
Production test
1 山农紫糯2号 2018 234 88.3 439.5 46.1 44.0 7369.5 7368.0
2 济紫麦1号 2019 232 79.3 654.0 35.7 36.0 7782.0 8029.5
3 泰科黑麦1号 2019 233 84.0 612.0 36.1 44.9 7738.5 7792.5
4 山农蓝麦1号 2020 232 80.0 561.0 38.5 40.5 7327.5 7533.0
5 爱民蓝麦1号 2020 233 71.4 586.5 41.4 45.2 7267.5 8425.5
6 济紫麦2号 2021 231 86.1 654.0 35.3 40.7 7960.5 7735.5
7 济紫麦4号 2021 231 88.2 604.5 34.3 41.2 7731.0 7608.0
8 济蓝麦1号 2021 232 90.0 640.5 33.6 35.2 7525.5 7506.0
9 山农蓝麦11 2021 232 87.9 508.5 39.4 42.4 7405.5 7246.5
10 泰科紫麦2号 2021 232 93.6 639.0 38.2 36.6 7813.5 7540.5
11 彩麦08 2021 229 78.6 612.0 38.2 41.4 7948.5 8283.0
12 德紫麦1号 2022 231 80.5 619.5 40.6 40.4 8599.5 8925.0
13 鲁粮2号 2022 232 84.4 496.5 41.6 43.0 8017.5 8341.5
14 青研紫麦1号 2022 231 88.2 597.0 39.2 39.0 8128.5 8524.5
15 泰科紫麦3号 2022 225 84.7 601.5 40.8 39.3 8544.0 8448.0
16 济儒麦22 2022 231 79.0 597.0 37.7 42.1 8347.5 8664.0
17 烟紫麦1号 2022 231 82.2 673.5 36.8 36.8 7524.0 8602.5
18 邦泰紫麦1号 2022 222 75.2 655.5 33.2 42.8 8679.0 9136.5
19 彩麦07 2022 228 80.3 658.5 36.1 42.3 8038.5 8184.0
20 山农糯麦2号 2022 234 84.2 486.0 45.6 43.9 7884.0 8361.0

Table 3

Variation coefficients of main agronomic characteristics of colored wheat approved in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022"

性状Trait 最小值Min. 最大值Max. 平均值Mean 标准偏差SD 变异系数CV (%)
生育期Growth period (d) 222.0 234.0 230.8 2.84 1.23
株高Plant height (cm) 71.4 93.6 83.3 5.25 6.30
穗数Spikes (×104/hm2) 439.5 673.5 594.9 63.48 10.67
穗粒数Grains per spike 33.2 46.1 38.4 3.47 9.03
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 35.2 45.2 40.9 2.88 7.05
区域试验产量Yield of regional test (kg/hm2) 7267.5 8679.0 7881.6 413.00 5.24
生产试验产量Yield of production test (kg/hm2) 7246.5 9136.5 8112.8 530.22 6.54

Table 4

Comparative analysis of yield between colored wheat varieties and high-yield group varieties approved during the same period in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022"

年份
Year		 区域试验产量Yield of regional test (kg/hm2) 生产试验产量Yield of production test (kg/hm2)
CW HYV POD (%) CW HYV POD (%)
2018 7369.5 8991.0 -22.0 7368.0 8599.5 -16.7
2019 7761.0 8725.5 -12.4 7911.0 9409.5 -18.9
2020 7297.5 9138.0 -25.2 7980.0 8746.5 -9.6
2021 7731.0 9178.5 -18.7 7653.0 9106.5 -19.0
2022 8194.5 8869.5 -8.2 8577.0 9654.0 -12.6
平均Mean 7671.0 8980.5 -17.3 7897.5 9103.5 -15.4

Table 5

Comparative analysis of yield components of colored wheat and high-yield group varieties approved during the same period in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022"

年份
Year		 穗数Spikes (×104/hm2) 穗粒数Grains per spike 千粒重1000-grain weight (g)
CW HYV POD (%) CW HYV POD (%) CW HYV POD (%)
2018 439.5 648.0 -47.4 46.1 38.4 +16.7 44.0 42.0 +4.6
2019 633.0 670.5 -5.9 35.9 35.6 +0.8 40.5 42.4 -4.7
2020 574.5 654.0 -13.8 40.0 36.4 +9.0 42.9 43.7 -1.9
2021 610.5 667.5 -9.3 36.5 36.6 -0.3 39.6 43.1 -8.8
2022 598.5 657.0 -9.8 34.6 38.9 -12.4 41.1 43.5 -5.8
平均Mean － － -17.2 － － +2.8 － － -3.3

Table 6

Main quality traits of colored wheat approved in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022"

序号
Number		 品种
Variety		 籽粒容重
Grain bulk
density (g/L)		 蛋白质含量
Protein
content (%)		 湿面筋含量
Wet gluten
content (%)		 沉淀值
Sedimentation
value (mL)		 吸水率
Water absorption
rate (%)		 稳定时间
Stability time
(min)
1 山农紫糯2号 781.4 15.4 45.7 22.0 73.2 1.1
2 济紫麦1号 788.6 14.8 34.3 40.5 62.7 6.3
3 泰科黑麦1号 799.0 14.7 38.2 37.5 66.3 4.2
4 山农蓝麦1号 784.3 18.9 44.2 24.0 60.3 0.6
5 爱民蓝麦1号 775.0 15.1 36.7 39.1 56.3 5.3
6 济紫麦2号 765.8 14.7 40.1 31.0 63.7 4.1
7 济紫麦4号 781.1 14.2 33.1 44.0 57.8 6.9
8 济蓝麦1号 783.3 14.4 37.4 39.0 59.9 4.0
9 山农蓝麦11 791.8 14.5 33.7 41.0 61.7 7.2
10 泰科紫麦2号 793.5 14.8 34.9 33.0 62.1 4.6
11 彩麦08 788.3 14.5 40.0 23.0 63.8 2.4
12 德紫麦1号 782.6 14.8 35.0 33.0 63.7 3.1
13 鲁粮2号 778.0 15.4 42.9 32.0 63.8 3.3
14 青研紫麦1号 790.1 16.4 44.9 32.0 64.7 3.6
15 泰科紫麦3号 788.0 16.4 36.8 26.0 70.1 1.8
16 济儒麦22 787.8 15.7 37.4 36.0 64.4 5.7
17 烟紫麦1号 804.7 13.7 31.3 42.0 62.1 8.1
18 邦泰紫麦1号 781.6 15.4 36.8 36.5 65.9 5.8
19 彩麦07 789.2 12.8 29.3 23.0 61.8 3.8
20 山农糯麦2号 772.9 16.3 37.0 21.0 77.4 0.9

Table 7

Variation coefficients of main quality traits of colored wheat approved in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022"

性状Trait 最小值Min. 最大值Max. 平均值Mean 标准偏差SD 变异系数CV (%)
籽粒容重Grain bulk density (g/L) 765.8 804.7 785.4 8.65 1.10
蛋白质含量Protein content (%) 12.8 18.9 15.1 1.22 8.06
湿面筋含量Wet gluten content (%) 29.3 45.7 37.5 4.33 11.55
沉淀值Sedimentation value (mL) 21.0 44.0 32.8 7.20 21.97
吸水率Water absorption rate (%) 56.3 77.4 64.1 4.79 7.47
稳定时间Stability time (min) 0.6 8.1 4.1 2.09 50.48

Table 8

Comparative analysis of quality traits between colored wheat varieties and high-quality group varieties approved during the same period in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022"

年份
Year		 蛋白质含量
Protein content (%)		 湿面筋含量
Wet gluten content (%)		 沉淀值
Sedimentation value (mL)		 吸水率
Water absorption rate (%)		 稳定时间
Stability time (min)
CW HQV POD (%) CW HQV POD (%) CW HQV POD (%) CW HQV POD (%) CW HQV POD (%)
2018 15.4 14.8 +3.9 45.7 33.2 +27.4 22.0 39.6 -80.0 73.2 64.4 +12.0 1.1 31.0 -2718.2
2019 14.8 13.4 +9.5 36.2 33.4 +7.7 39.0 41.2 -5.6 64.5 62.4 +3.3 5.3 10.9 -105.6
2020 17.0 14.3 +15.9 40.5 33.2 +18.0 31.6 44.4 -40.5 58.3 62.8 -7.7 3.0 12.5 -316.7
2021 14.5 14.4 +0.7 36.5 32.5 +11.0 35.2 40.2 -14.2 61.5 62.3 -1.3 4.9 11.6 -136.7
2022 15.2 13.9 +8.6 36.8 30.9 +16.0 31.3 43.5 -39.0 66.0 60.0 +9.1 4.0 15.4 -285.0
平均Mean － － +7.7 － － +16.0 － － -35.9 － － +3.8 － － -712.4
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