Crops ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 104-110.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.013

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Study on Optimal Nitrogen Application Rate for Relay Cropped Rapeseed after Wheat under Different Planting Patterns in the Yellow River Irrigation Region

Liu Chen1(), Wang Weini2, Liao Shipeng1, Ren Tao1, Guo Chen3, Xu Yuanyuan1, Yu Daohai1, Liu Junmei2, Zhang Haoqiang2, Sun Xia2, Lu Jianwei1()   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Ordos Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection Center, Ordos 017010, Inner Mongolia, China
    3Plant Protection Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2024-10-09 Revised:2024-12-06 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-10

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the suitable planting pattern and nitrogen application rate for rapeseed relay cropped rapeseed after wheat, a field experiment was conducted in Dalad Banner, Inner Mongolia. Five nitrogen application rate gradients (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) were set under three planting modes, including straw removal+tillage (T1), straw returning+tillage (T2), and straw removal+no tillage (T3). The optimal nitrogen rate was determined based on rapeseed biomass, nutrient accumulation, and economic benefits. The results showed that the aboveground biomass, carbon accumulation and potassium accumulation of rapeseed under T2 treatment were all higher than those under T1 and T3 treatments. Under T2 treatment, the average of fresh grass weight, dry grass weight, carbon accumulation, and potassium accumulation of all nitrogen application treatments could reach 60.5 t/ha, 8.0 t/ha, 2981 kg/ha, and 253 kg/ha, respectively. Nitrogen application rate significantly affected the biomass and nutrient accumulation of rapeseed under different planting modes. The biomass and nutrient accumulation of rapeseed increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate within the nitrogen application rate range. Compared with no nitrogen application treatment, the fresh grass weight and dry grass weight of rapeseed increased by 39.8% and 35.1% respectively when the nitrogen application rate was 30 kg/ha, 63.0% and 67.9% at 60 kg/ha, 78.1% and 89.0% at 90 kg/ha, 86.5% and 98.1% at 120 kg/ha. The trend of nutrient accumulation of rapeseed green manure was basically consistent with that of biomass. The input costs and outputs of rapeseed for different purposes varied under different planting modes and nitrogen application rates. Considering the factors such as biomass, nutrient accumulation, and economic benefits of rapeseed for different purposes under different modes, rapeseed can be planted with no-tillage method with wheat straw removal following wheat harvest. The optimal nitrogen application rate for rapeseed as silage feed is 120 kg/ha, and for rapeseed as green manure, the optimal nitrogen application rate is 90 kg/ha.

Key words: Yellow River Irrigation Region, Multiple cropping after wheat, Rape, Cropping pattern, Nitrogen application rate, Economic benefits

Table 1

Experimental soil basic physicochemical properties"

处理
Treatment		 种植模式
Cropping pattern		 pH 有机质
Organic matter (g/kg)		 全氮
Total N (g/kg)		 速效磷
Available P (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K (mg/kg)
T1 秸秆移走翻耕 8.49 8.22 0.42 10.27 158.80
T2 秸秆还田翻耕 8.32 12.36 0.61 11.51 162.50
T3 秸秆移走免耕 8.85 11.10 0.54 9.08 163.70

Fig.1

The effect of nitrogen application rate on the biomass of rapeseed under different planting modes Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among nitrogen application rates under the same planting mode (P < 0.05), the same below."

Table 2

The effect of nitrogen application rate on nutrient accumulation in rapeseed under different planting patterns kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 施氮量
Nitrogen application rate		 碳积累量
Carbon accumulation		 氮积累量
Nitrogen accumulation		 磷积累量
Phosphorus accumulation		 钾积累量
Potassium accumulation
T1 0 1689±68d 106±3d 33±2c 182±7d
30 2392±33c 146±1c 42±1b 253±2c
60 3095±187b 188±9b 54±3a 323±21b
90 3337±41a 200±4a 56±2a 345±6ab
120 3480±60a 203±4a 56±3a 353±11a
T2 0 1928±37e 116±5e 35±2d 203±5e
30 2530±59d 150±5d 43±2c 261±8d
60 3057±62c 178±4c 51±4b 314±3c
90 3589±77b 204±1b 56±1a 366±3b
120 3800±80a 215±3a 57±1a 381±11a
T3 0 1766±152d 110±12d 33±4c 190±17d
30 2407±46c 147±4c 42±3b 251±2c
60 2984±81b 180±7b 50±3a 310±8b
90 3439±220a 202±10a 54±4a 347±15a
120 3616±78a 208±3a 54±4a 359±7a
方差分析Analysis of variance F-value
种植模式Cropping pattern (C) 12.7*** 2.0ns 1.7ns 8.7**
施氮量Nitrogen application rate (N) 484.4*** 411.6*** 109.8*** 446.2***
种植模式×施氮量C×N 1.4ns 1.7ns 0.4ns 1.6ns

Fig.2

The impact of soil physicochemical properties on the biomass and nutrient accumulation of rapeseed “***”,“**”, and“*”indicate significant difference among treatments at P < 0.001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05 levels, respectively. OM: organic matter, TN: total N, AP: available P, AK: available K, FGW: fresh grass weight, DGW: dry grass weight, CA: carbon accumulation, NA: nitrogen accumulation, PA: phosphorus accumulation, KA: potassium accumulation."

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen application rate on nutrient accumulation of rape seed under different cropping patterns 元/hm2 yuan/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 施氮量
Nitrogen
application
rate		 种植成本Planting cost 收益Earning 净收益Net earning
机械
Mechanical		 氮肥
Nitrogen
fertilizer		 磷肥
Phosphorus
fertilizer		 其他
Others		 鲜草产值
Fresh grass
output		 可替代化肥价值
Alternative
fertilizer value		 饲料油菜
Forage rape
seed		 绿肥油菜
Manure
rape
T1 0 2775 0 297 280 12 964 3144 9592 -228
30 2775 209 297 280 19 286 4327 15 705 746
60 2775 417 297 280 23 168 5534 19 379 1745
90 2775 626 297 280 24 593 5897 20 595 1899
120 2775 835 297 280 25 172 6000 20 965 1793
T2 0 1950 0 297 280 14 852 3510 12 305 963
30 1950 209 297 280 19 846 4501 17 091 1745
60 1950 417 297 280 22 795 5384 19 831 2420
90 1950 626 297 280 24 317 6221 21 143 3048
120 1950 835 297 280 26 105 6478 22 723 3096
T3 0 825 0 297 280 13 670 3296 12 248 1874
30 825 209 297 280 18 734 4350 17 104 2719
60 825 417 297 280 21 446 5343 19 606 3504
90 825 626 297 280 24 717 5976 22 668 3928
120 825 835 297 280 25 919 6150 23 662 3893
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