Crops ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 240-248.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.030

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Major Mineral Element Content and Bioavailability in Wheat Grains

Wang Yunjiang1,2(), Wang Yuying1, Liu Chang1,2, Jing Xueyan1,2, Yang Chen1,2, Sun Caixia3(), Wang Chunping1,2()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
    2The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
    3Bo?ai County Agricultural Machinery Technology Center, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
  • Received:2024-08-13 Revised:2024-09-27 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-10

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Abstract:

To explore the optimal nitrogen application rate for different wheat varieties in various environments and provide a scientific basis for enhancing the mineral element content in wheat grains, this study used 15CA73, Jimai 22, Zhongmai 255, and Zhongmai 578 as experimental materials. Five nitrogen application treatments were established across four environments: Anyang (Henan), Hefei (Anhui), Weifang (Shandong), and Liaocheng (Shandong). These treatments included no nitrogen application (N0), basal application of 45 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 45 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N45+45), basal application of 90 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 90 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N90+90), basal application of 135 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 135 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N135+135), and basal application of 180 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 180 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N180+180). The results showed highly and extremely significant correlation coefficients (P < 0.01) between the contents of elements such as K and P (r = 0.72), and Zn and Cu (r = 0.69) in grains. Compared with the N0 treatment, the N180+180 treatment resulted in the highest contents of Ca, Cu, Mg, and S in wheat grains at the Weifang site across all environments, with increases of 11.06%, 10.78%, 0.15%, and 7.83%, respectively. The Zn content at the Weifang experimental site was highest under the N135+135 treatment, showing a 46.01% increase compared to the N0 treatment. Furthermore, compared with the N0 treatment, the N180+180 treatment led to the highest contents of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and S in Zhongmai 255 grains among all tested varieties, with increases of 2.42%, 3.50%, 1.65%, 4.23%, and 16.10%, respectively. The Zn content in Zhongmai 255 grains was the highest under the N135+135 treatment, increasing by 13.26% compared to N0 treatment. In summary, increased nitrogen application enhanced the contents of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, S, Mg, and Zn in wheat grains. K content was less affected by nitrogen application, while P content showed a declining trend. Concurrently, the P/Mg, P/Fe, and P/Zn ratios decreased, further improving the bioavailability of Mg, Fe, and Zn in the grains. Therefore, the recommended optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatments for wheat cultivation at the experimental sites are N135+135 for Anyang, N0 for Hefei, N180+180 for Liaocheng, and N180+180 for Weifang. Moreover, N0 is determined to be the optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment for 15CA73 and Jimai 22, whereas N180+180 is optimal for Zhongmai 255 and Zhongmai 578.

Key words: Wheat, Nitrogen application rate, Grain, Mineral element, Bioavailability

Table 1

Effects of test site, variety, N application rate and their interaction on mineral element content in wheat grain"

处理Treatment Ca Cu Fe K Mg Mn P S Zn
试验点Test site (T) 1317.28** 755.47** 39.67** 389.40** 200.55** 363.12** 149.81** 1564.35** 204.32**
品种Variety (V) 58.60** 68.04** 270.35** 179.12** 82.39** 5.26* 115.98** 165.51** 2.94*
施氮量N application rate (N) 7.13** 6.30** 32.31** 24.62** 8.96** 2.60* 10.49** 496.65** 48.50**
试验点×品种T×V 11.40** 4.75** 11.07** 28.97** 6.45** 1.39 8.27** 2.08* 11.35**
试验点×施氮量T×N 40.73** 17.93** 17.64** 14.31** 5.10** 4.12** 9.94** 41.09** 25.24**
品种×施氮量V×N 2.29** 1.65 1.10 2.95** 1.97* 0.79 2.01* 1.24 1.41
试验点×品种×施氮量T×V×N 2.78** 2.63** 2.43** 2.46** 2.61** 0.93 2.38** 2.27** 2.53**

Fig.1

Effects of N application rate on mineral element content in wheat grain under different environments Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level. The same below."

Fig.2

Effects of N application rate on mineral element content in wheat grain of different varieties"

Fig.3

Correlation analysis of mineral element content in wheat grains “*”and“**”indicate that the correlation reach significant (P < 0.05) and extremely significant (P < 0.01) level, respectively."

Table 2

Effects of N application rate and variety differences on the bioavailability of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn in wheat grains"

项目Item P/Ca P/Fe P/Mg P/Zn
N0 10.13±0.31a 105.96±2.54a 2.31±0.02a 181.58±4.23a
N45+45 10.57±0.35a 107.14±2.07a 2.31±0.03a 181.60±4.43a
N90+90 10.18±0.34a 104.53±1.61ab 2.27±0.02a 180.06±4.55a
N135+135 10.19±0.29a 97.96±1.67b 2.28±0.02a 162.07±5.02b
N180+180 10.16±0.29a 97.60±1.62b 2.28±0.02a 160.82±3.65b
15CA73 9.88±0.24bc 98.68±1.22b 2.28±0.02b 168.16±3.67a
济麦22 Jimai 22 10.41±0.31b 116.81±1.55a 2.26±0.02b 178.83±4.80a
中麦255 Zhongmai 255 11.30±0.28a 97.21±1.33b 2.36±0.02a 178.61±3.93a
中麦578 Zhongmai 578 9.38±0.23c 98.07±1.71b 2.26±0.02b 167.48±3.71a
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