芝麻叶菜采摘时期对主要经济产量性状的影响及综合效益分析

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.020

Abstract

Abstract:

Using Wanzhi 21 sesame as the experimental material, four harvesting periods of sesame leaf vegetable were set as follows: starting from the 40th day (P40), the 50th day (P50), the 60th day (P60), and the 70th day (P70) after the emergence of sesame, with the without harvesting sesame leaf vegetable as control (PCK). Through the two year continuous experiment, the effects of different harvesting periods on the main economic traits and yield of sesame leaf vegetable were studied, and a comprehensive benefit analysis was conducted. The results showed that the effects of the harvesting period of sesame leaf vegetable on the plant height, capsule axis length, effective node number, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, and 1000-seed weight reached a significant level. The later the harvesting period of leaf vegetable, the slower the decline in the economic traits, which was specifically reflected as PCK > P70 > P60 > P50 > P40. The later the harvesting period of leaf vegetable, the higher the yield of sesame seeds, and the lower the reduction rate of seed yield. On the contrary, the earlier the sesame leaf vegetable harvesting, the higher the yield and net benefit of sesame leaf vegetables, but the lower the dry-fresh ratio of leaf vegetable. Specifically, the dry-fresh ratio showed an order of P40 < P50 < P60 < P70. The benefit from sesame seeds was just the opposite, and the later the sesame leaf vegetable harvesting, the higher the benefit from sesame seeds. The comprehensive benefit of harvesting leaf vegetable was the highest at P70 treatment, which increased by 39.06%-58.22% compared with PCK treatment. Therefore, the 70th day is the best harvesting period for sesame leaf vegetable, which can achieve the greatest comprehensive benefit of sesame cultivation.

Key words: Sesame leaf vegetable, Harvesting period of leaf vegetables, Economic traits, Yield, Comprehensive benefit

Xie Fuxin, Jiang Xiaolin, Li Chenghuan, Zhang Wenjing, Wang Feixue, Hu Weili, Mei Hongxian, He Geming, Liu Yan. Effects of Harvesting Period on Main Economic Yield Traits and Comprehensive Benefit Analysis of Sesame Leaf Vegetable[J].Crops, 2026, 42(1): 160-166.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	果轴长 Capsule axis length (cm)	有效果节数 Number of effective nodes	株蒴数 Number of capsules per plant	蒴粒数 Number of seeds per capsule	千粒重 1000-seed weight(g)
2020	P40	146.3Cb	56.0Cd	10.9De	40.9Bc	32.5Bc	2.05Cd
	P50	155.1BCb	73.6Bc	12.7CDd	51.3ABbc	46.1Bb	2.43BCbc
	P60	166.6ABa	93.5Aab	14.8Cc	67.3ABab	68.6Aa	2.31BCcd
	P70	167.7ABa	87.3ABb	18.4Bb	69.4ABab	75.9Aa	2.76ABab
	PCK	173.6Aa	98.8Aa	21.2Aa	84.4Aa	75.7Aa	3.04Aa
	P	**	**	**	*	**	**
2021	P40	147.0Bc	71.6Bb	17.2Ab	53.5Bc	52.2Bb	2.54Bc
	P50	152.5ABbc	75.8ABb	17.1Ab	53.2Bc	52.3Bb	2.64Bc
	P60	160.9ABab	84.8ABab	18.4Ab	69.5ABbc	52.5Bb	2.71ABbc
	P70	164.2ABa	93.4ABa	19.7Aab	79.7ABab	69.2ABa	2.86ABab
	PCK	165.0Aa	96.6Aa	21.9Aa	93.6Aa	79.2Aa	3.02Aa
	P	*	*	*	**	**	**

处理 Treatment	2020			2021
处理 Treatment	籽粒产量 Seed yield (kg/hm²)	减产率 Yield reduction rate (%)	叶菜产量 Leaf vegetable yield (kg/hm²)	籽粒产量 Seed yield (kg/hm²)	减产率 Yield reduction rate (%)	叶菜产量 Leaf vegetable yield (kg/hm²)
P40	365.8Dd	62.27	952.8Aa	496.6Bc	59.41	1029.5Aa
P50	401.1Dd	58.63	853.1Aa	557.0Bc	54.47	1005.8Aa
P60	635.3Cc	34.48	612.8Bb	912.0Ab	25.46	878.3Ab
P70	810.1Bb	16.45	544.2Bb	1151.4Aa	5.89	691.9Bc
PCK	969.6Aa	－	－	1223.5Aa	－	－
P	**		**	**		**

处理 Treatment	2020		2021
处理 Treatment	首次摘叶干鲜比 First leaf harvesting dry-fresh ratio	总摘叶干鲜比 Total leaf harvesting dry-fresh ratio	首次摘叶干鲜比 First leaf harvesting dry-fresh ratio	总摘叶干鲜比 Total leaf harvesting dry-fresh ratio
P40	0.093Cd	0.099Cc	0.099Dd	0.106Cc
P50	0.101BCc	0.105BCc	0.107Cc	0.110Cc
P60	0.109Bb	0.112Bb	0.121Bb	0.122Bb
P70	0.144Aa	0.144Aa	0.143Aa	0.143Aa
P	**	**	**	**

处理 Treatment	采摘焯水叶菜成本 Cost of harvesting and blanching leaf vegetable		芝麻叶菜净收益 Net benefit from leaf vegetable		芝麻籽收益 Benefit from sesame seeds		综合效益 Comprehensive benefit
处理 Treatment	用工量Labor quantity	用工成本Labor cost	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
P40	169.5	8475	10 581	12 115	4389.6	5959.2	14 970.6	18 074.2
P50	138.0	6900	10 162	13 216	4813.2	6684.0	14 975.2	19 900.0
P60	113.5	5675	6581	11 891	7623.6	10 944.0	14 204.6	22 835.0
P70	88.5	4425	6459	9413	9721.2	13 816.8	16 180.2	23 229.8
PCK	－	－	－	－	11 635.2	14 682.0	11 635.2	14 682.0

Effects of Harvesting Period on Main Economic Yield Traits and Comprehensive Benefit Analysis of Sesame Leaf Vegetable

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