Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 125-132.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.019

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Effects of Nitrogen in Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Aggregates of Red Soil, Maize Yield and Quality

Zhou Yun,Li Yongmei,Fan Maopan,Wang Zilin,Xu Zhi,Zhang Dan,Zhao Jixia   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2019-04-09 Revised:2019-06-11 Online:2019-08-15 Published:2019-08-06
  • Contact: Maopan Fan

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Abstract:

In order to study the effects of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen on structure and maize yield and quality in soil, set up six treatments of 10% (M10), 20% (M20), 30% (M30), 40% (M40) ratio of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer, with control application of chemical fertilizer (M0) and no application of fertilizer (CK). The dynamic change of soil aggregates in different growth stages of maize. The results showed that with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer, >0.25mm soil water stability aggregates (R0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GWD) increased continuously but the portion of aggregate destruction (PAD), fractal dimension (D) decreased continuously during the growth period of maize. Compared with M0 treatment, grain yields of M30 and M40 treatments increased significantly, which was manifested as M30>M40; M20, protein contents of M30 and M40 treatment significantly increased by 13.29%-25.03%, starch content increased by 39.84%-114.06%, and the soluble sugar content increased by 36.49%-54.05%. The protein contents of M30 and M20 was significantly greater than that of M40, and the difference between M30 and M40 was not significant. The starch content was M40>M30>M20, with significant differences. The soluble sugar contents of M40 and M30 was significantly higher than that of M20, and the difference between M30 and M40 was not significant. Maize grain yield and quality were positively correlated with R0.25 (P<0.01) and negatively correlated with PAD and D value (P<0.01). Therefore, the equal nitrogen in the organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer for fertilizing soil should take into account for the yield and quality of maize, and 30% is the appropriate ratio.

Key words: Organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen, Soil aggregates, Maize, Yield, Quality

Fig.1

Analysis of soil water stability aggregates in growth period of maize with different equal nitrogen replacement of chemical fertilizer for organic fertilizer CK, M0, M10, M20, M30 and M40 stand for no fertilization treatment, single application of chemical fertilizer, nitrogen of organic manure replacing 10% chemical nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogen of organic manure replacing 20% chemical nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogen of organic manure replacing 30% chemical nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogen of organic manure replacing 40% chemical nitrogenous fertilizer; the same below"

Fig.2

Fractal dimension of aggregates of during the growth period of maize with different equal nitrogen replacement of chemical fertilizer for organic fertilizers (D) Different letters in the same column mean significant difference (P<0.05) between different treatments, the same below"

Fig.3

Effects of different equal nitrogen replacement of chemical fertilizer for organic fertilizer on maize grain yield and quality"

Table 1

Correlation between stability index of agglomerate and grain yield and quality in different growth stages of maize"

生育时期
Growth stage		 稳定性指数
Stability index		 子粒产量
Grain yield		 蛋白质含量
Protein content		 淀粉含量
Starch content		 可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar content
拔节期Jointing stage R0.25 -0.527** -0.569** -0.042 -0.224
MWD -0.265 -0.339 -0.706** -0.610**
GMD -0.113 -0.184 -0.294 -0.261
PAD -0.212 -0.201 -0.043 -0.032
D -0.294 -0.259 -0.081 -0.133
大喇叭口期Bell stage
 R0.25 -0.773** -0.870** -0.574** -0.754**
MWD -0.406* -0.085 -0.063 -0.085
GMD -0.161 -0.045 -0.096 -0.052
PAD -0.027 -0.279 -0.537** -0.406*
D -0.404* -0.463* -0.848** -0.744**
抽雄期Tasseling stage R0.25 -0.761** -0.609** -0.638** -0.809**
MWD -0.620** -0.333 -0.406* -0.490*
GMD -0.731** -0.440* -0.455* -0.508*
PAD -0.672** -0.718** -0.687** -0.779**
D -0.697** -0.757** -0.789** -0.657**
成熟期Maturation stage R0.25 -0.806** -0.783** -0.599** -0.738**
MWD -0.411* -0.492* -0.468* -0.500*
GMD -0.509** -0.407* -0.573** -0.461*
PAD -0.606** -0.552** -0.627** -0.545**
D -0.825** -0.832** -0.788** -0.806**
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