Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 100-106.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.015

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density Interaction on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Root Yield of Sugar Beet under Full-Film Mulching in Arid Regions

Yan Wei,Li Guolong,Li Zhi,Cao Yang,Zhang Shaoying   

  1. Sugar Beet Physiological Institute, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2018-11-16 Revised:2019-04-15 Online:2019-08-15 Published:2019-08-06
  • Contact: Shaoying Zhang

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Abstract:

Full-film mulching has the advantages of increasing temperature, preserving moisture and suppressing grass, and it is an effective measure for dryland farming. Herein, a two-factor split-plot design was used to explore suitable nitrogen application and planting densities of sugar beet under full-film conditions in arid regions. Comparative study on photosynthetic characteristics and yields under full-film mulching condition through different combinations of nitrogen application rates and planting densities showed that nitrogen supply and planting density had significant effects on photosynthetic characteristics of sugar beet under full-film conditions under dry conditions. The suitable nitrogen and density were beneficial to SPAD value, LAI (leaf area index), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the accumulation of dry matter per plant, T/R, and yields of beet. In addition, SPAD value, LAI, Pn, T/R, and dry matter accumulation per plant were positively correlated with yields. During the increasing stage of sugar beet root, the maximum yields could be obtained when the SPAD value and LAI of sugar beet were controlled at 53.8 and 4.5, respectively. The regression equation of density (X1) and nitrogen application (X2) with yields (Y) was obtained by binomial regression analysis. The maximum yields of sugar beets could be obtained when the density was 93 500 plant/hm 2 and the nitrogen application rate was 128.8kg/hm 2.

Key words: Dry farming, Sugar beet, Full-film mulching, Interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

Table 1

Split-plot design about planting density and nitrogen application rate in sugar beet"

处理Treatment 行距Row spacing (cm) 株距Plant spacing (cm) 种植密度Planting density (万株/hm2) 施氮量Nitrogen application rate (kg/hm2)
D1N1 50 26 7.7 60
D2N1 50 22 9.1 60
D3N1 50 18 10.6 60
D1N2 50 26 7.7 120
D2N2 50 22 9.1 120
D3N2 50 18 10.6 120
D1N3 50 26 7.7 180
D2N3 50 22 9.1 180
D3N3 50 18 10.6 180

"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 叶丛快速生长期
Fast growth stage of leaf		 块根糖分增长期
Sugar increasing stage of root		 糖分积累期
Period of sugar accumulation
D1N1 0.17eD 1.51dE 3.74deC 3.48cdD
D2N1 0.24cdBCD 1.53dDE 3.87deC 3.52cCD
D3N1 0.29bcBC 1.62cC 3.64eC 3.40dDE
D1N2 0.22deCD 1.63cC 3.86deC 3.69abAB
D2N2 0.27bcdBC 1.74bB 4.51cB 3.77aA
D3N2 0.31bBC 1.97aA 4.95abA 3.28eE
D1N3 0.29bcBC 1.45eE 3.95dC 3.64bBC
D2N3 0.33bB 1.61cCD 4.78bAB 3.66bAB
D3N3 0.45aA 1.78bB 5.05aA 3.15fF
F值F-value D 38.77** 132.47** 74.54** 148.28**
N 18.65** 330.10** 363.97** 9.97*
D×N 1.61 11.90** 22.26** 18.94**

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen application rates and planting densities on SPAD value of sugar beet under full-film mulching in arid regions"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 叶丛快速生长期
Fast growth stage of leaves		 块根糖分增长期
Sugar increasing stage of root		 糖分积累期
Period of sugar accumulation
D1N1 56.6bB 52.5cC 53.6bB 46.3cBC
D2N1 52.8dC 48.1eE 52.4cCD 45.3deCD
D3N1 46.8gE 42.8hH 47.9fF 41.5gF
D1N2 58.5aA 55.9aA 55.1aA 48.3aA
D2N2 55.5cB 53.8bB 53.8bB 47.2bAB
D3N2 51.7eC 50.7dD 52.7cBC 45.4dCD
D1N3 55.5cB 46.7fF 52.4cCD 45.5dCD
D2N3 52.0deC 44.8gG 51.4dD 44.5eDE
D3N3 49.4fD 45.1gG 50.0eE 43.5fE
F值F-value D 486.64** 513.03** 140.08** 117.81**
N 157.63** 309.11** 159.70** 1 107.88**
D×N 12.82** 100.32** 17.59** 10.09**

Table 4

Effects of nitrogen application rates and planting densities on Pn of sugar beet under full-film mulching in arid regions μmol/(m2·s)"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 叶丛快速生长期
Fast growth stage of leaves		 块根糖分增长期
Sugar increasing stage of root		 糖分积累期
Period of sugar accumulation
D1N1 27.5bB 21.6aAB 22.0bcBC 21.4cC
D2N1 24.1cdDE 19.3cC 21.3dCD 20.4dD
D3N1 22.3eE 17.8dD 19.3fE 19.6efDE
D1N2 29.4aA 21.9aA 24.0aA 24.6aA
D2N2 26.7bBC 20.6bBC 22.6bB 22.8bB
D3N2 25.0cCD 19.4cC 21.5cdC 20.1deD
D1N3 26.7bBC 17.9dD 22.7bB 21.6cC
D2N3 24.6cdD 16.6eDE 20.4eD 18.9fE
D3N3 23.7Dde 16.2eE 17.9gF 17.7gF
F值F-value D 82.30** 61.47** 179.01** 188.93**
N 44.59** 43.77** 62.39** 413.16**
D×N 1.87 3.40* 9.75** 13.69**

Table 5

Effects of nitrogen application rates and planting densities on dry matter accumulation per plant of sugar beet under full-film mulching in arid regions g"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 叶丛快速生长期
Fast growth stage of leaves		 块根糖分增长期
Sugar increasing stage of root		 糖分积累期
Period of sugar accumulation
D1N1 0.94deD 40.76deCDE 153.55cC 239.19cC
D2N1 0.73fE 39.50fgEF 132.24fF 221.92eD
D3N1 0.64gE 38.88gF 114.69hH 185.41gF
D1N2 1.27bB 43.04bB 165.63bB 258.13bB
D2N2 0.97dCD 45.33aA 155.61cC 238.91cC
D3N2 0.86eD 41.50cdCD 138.02eE 222.35eD
D1N3 1.41aA 44.67aA 173.93aA 274.20aA
D2N3 1.08cC 42.10bcBC 147.19dD 236.44dD
D3N3 0.91deD 40.33efDEF 118.73gG 202.73fE
F值F-value D 170.54** 52.33** 1 428.61** 4 316.36**
N 142.24** 110.45** 2 025.21** 554.58**
D×N 3.17 17.49** 58.81** 472.02**

Table 6

Effects of nitrogen application rates and planting densities on T/R (dry matter) of sugar beet under full-film mulching in arid regions"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 叶丛快速生长期
Fast growth stage of leaves		 块根糖分增长期
Sugar increasing stage of root		 糖分积累期
Period of sugar accumulation
D1N1 0.121cB 0.480bcBC 1.289bB 1.504eE
D2N1 0.112dC 0.458deCDE 1.189dD 1.425fF
D3N1 0.107eD 0.443efDE 1.160eDE 1.367gG
D1N2 0.131aA 0.508aA 1.396aA 1.894aA
D2N2 0.124bB 0.490bAB 1.235cC 1.744bB
D3N2 0.111dC 0.466cdCD 1.195dD 1.688cC
D1N3 0.112dC 0.494abAB 1.188dD 1.764bB
D2N3 0.101fE 0.441fE 1.156eDE 1.587dD
D3N3 0.093gF 0.419gF 1.126fE 1.452fEF
F值F-value D 334.76** 78.44** 164.85** 234.51**
N 787.94** 124.95** 236.04** 555.28**
D×N 7.64** 5.40* 17.76** 13.14**

Fig.1

Effects of nitrogen application rate and planting densities on yield of sugar beet under full-film mulching in arid regions"

Table 7

Correlation between nitrogen application rate (N2) and planting densities (D2), and photosynthetic indexes and accumulation and distribution of matter of sugar beet under full-film mulching in arid regions (the sugar increasing stage of root)"

处理
Treatment		 叶面积指数
LAI		 SPAD值
SPAD value		 Pn 单株干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation per plant		 根冠比
Root/Shoot ratio		 产量
Yield
密度Planting density 0.935** -0.995** -0.990** -0.996** -0.954** 0.629*
施氮量Nitrogen application rate 0.893** 0.324 0.361 0.667** 0.532* 0.678*

Table 8

Correlation between photosynthetic characteristics and yield during the sugar increasing stage of root"

指标 Index 叶面积指数
LAI		 SPAD值
SPAD value		 Pn 单株干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation per plant		 根冠比
Root/Shoot ratio		 产量
Yield
叶面积指数LAI -1
SPAD值SPAD value -0.018 1
Pn -0.231 0.940** 1
单株干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation per plant -0.057 0.729* 0.779* 1
根冠比Root/Shoot ratio -0.075 0.875** 0.912** 0.823** 1
产量Yield -0.729** 0.292 0.186 0.091 0.318 1
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