Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 127-134.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.04.018

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Responses of Cotton to Planting Densities and Nitrogen Rates under Direct Seeding in Summer with Simplified Fertilization

Qin Hongde1(), Rong Yihua2, Huang Xiaoli3, Hu Aibing4, Zhou Jiahua5, Yan Xianhui2, Li Wei3, Zhang Xianhong4, Li Hongju5, Yang Guozheng6()   

  1. 1Cash Crop Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang 441057, Hubei, China
    3Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang 438000, Hubei, China
    4Jingzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
    5Jingmen (China Agricultural Valley) Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
    6College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China;
  • Received:2019-10-22 Revised:2020-03-04 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-11
  • Contact: Yang Guozheng E-mail:qinhongde2002@163.com;ygzh9999@mail.hzau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

In order to explore the suitable planting density and nitrogen rate of direct seeding cotton in summer under the measures of increasing density, reducing nitrogen and simplifying fertilization (One-time fertilization at first flowering), split plot design trail was conducted to explore the effects of planting density (75 000 and 90 000 plant/ha), nitrogen rate (135, 195 and 255kg/ha) and their interaction on agronomic traits, yield and fiber quality in three major cotton production areas of Hubei province in 2016 and 2017. The results showed that when the planting density was increased from 75 000 to 90 000 plant/ha, the length of middle-top fruiting branches decreased by 1.3 and 1.8cm respectively, the length of first fruit internode of fruiting branch decreased by 0.5 and 0.6cm respectively in two years; the number of bolls per unit area increased by 90 000 plant/ha; but there was no significant difference in agronomic traits, harvest lint yield and fiber quality. There was also no significant difference in theoretical lint yield, harvest lint yield, fiber quality and agronomic traits across nitrogen fertilizer from 135kg/ha to 255kg/ha. Under the pattern of the cotton direct seeding in summer with simplified fertilization, cotton could achieve a relatively stable yield within the range of high density and low nitrogen fertilizer set up in this study. When this planting pattern was implemented in the main cotton producing areas of Hubei province, the density can be increased to 90 000 plant/ha and the nitrogen fertilizer reduced to 135kg/ha.

Key words: Cotton, Direct seeding in summer, Yield, Quality, Planting density, Nitrogen

Table 1

Meteorological factors during the direct seeding cotton growth season"

月份
Month		 平均温度
Average temperature (℃)		 平均湿度
Average humidity (%)		 降水量
Precipitation (mm)		 雨日
Days of raining (d)
2016 2017 历年平均
Average from
1951 to 2015		 2016 2017 历年平均
Average from
1951 to 2015		 2016 2017 历年平均
Average from
1951 to 2015		 2016 2017 历年平均
Average from
1951 to 2015
6 25.6 25.9 26.9 82.0 82.6 78.4 358.5 68.9 165.7 15 12 11.5
7 29.7 31.2 29.8 82.2 74.6 77.7 582.8 48.7 252.2 13 2 9.5
8 30.3 29.1 29.2 74.9 85.3 77.8 68.0 123.6 112.2 10 11 8.5
9 26.3 24.7 24.8 66.5 84.7 75.9 23.7 75.3 53.5 6 16 7.5
10 20.9 18.4 19.4 81.1 90.7 75.4 113.3 21.3 50.2 16 16 8.4

Table 2

Effects of planting densities and nitrogen rates on cotton growth period d"

因子Factor 处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling		 蕾期
Squaring		 花铃期
Boll
setting		 生育期
Growth
period
种植密度
Planting density (D)		 D1 34.9a 19.8a 47.8a 102.5a
D2 35.0a 19.5a 47.2a 101.7a
氮肥
Nitrogen (N)		 N1 34.6a 20.2a 47.9a 102.7a
N2 35.1a 19.8a 47.0a 101.9a
N3 35.1a 19.1a 47.6a 101.8a
年份Year(Y) 2016 37.0a 21.3a 44.5b 102.8a
2017 32.8b 18.1b 50.5a 101.4a
互作方差来源
Source of interaction
variation		 D×N 00.963 00.767 00.082 000.140
D×Y 00.718 00.951 00.432 000.673
N×Y 00.980 00.419 00.795 000.869
D×N×Y 00.915 00.849 00.530 000.801

Table 3

Growth and development traits varied as planting densities and nitrogen rate of direct seeding cotton in summer"

因子
Factor		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant
height (cm)		 主茎直径
Stem diameter
(mm)		 主茎叶数
Main stem
leaves		 单株果枝数
Fruiting branches
per plant		 果枝始节高度
Height of the first
fruiting branch (cm)		 单株铃数
Bolls per
plant		 果节数
Fruit
nodes
种植密度Planting density (D) D1 87.0a 10.3a 16.2a 11.6a 29.7a 2.6a 23.6a
D2 86.0a 10.1a 16.2a 10.9b 30.6a 2.3a 22.3a
氮肥Nitrogen (N) N1 86.1a 10.2a 16.3a 11.7a 29.8a 2.5a 23.5a
N2 86.5a 10.2a 16.3a 11.2a 30.0a 2.4a 22.6a
N3 87.0a 10.1a 16.0a 11.0a 30.5a 2.5a 22.8a
年份Year (Y) 2016 86.9a 09.7b 15.7b 10.8b 28.5b 2.7a 24.7a
2017 86.2a 10.7a 16.7a 11.7a 31.7a 2.2b 21.2b
互作方差来源
Source of interaction variation		 D×N 00.837 00.803 00.576 00.568 00.884 0.795 00.986
D×Y 00.794 00.916 00.365 00.560 00.922 0.945 00.579
N×Y 00.917 00.954 00.907 00.189 00.944 0.547 00.910
D×N×Y 00.998 00.956 00.760 00.805 00.988 0.856 00.714

Fig.1

Effects of planting densities and nitrogen rates on fruiting branch length of cotton"

Fig.2

Effects of planting densities and nitrogen rates on the first internode length of fruiting branch"

Table 4

Effects of planting densities and nitrogen rates on lint yield and yield components of direct seeding cotten in summer"

因子Factor 处理
Treatment		 成铃数
Boll (×104/hm2)		 铃重
Boll weight (g)		 衣分
Lint percentage (%)		 皮棉产量Lint yield (kg/hm2)
理论Theoretical 实收Harvest
种植密度Planting density (D) D1 80.2b 5.25a 43.4a 1 831.3b 1 067.2a
D2 89.2a 5.22a 43.0a 1 995.8a 0 980.0a
氮肥Nitrogen (N) N1 85.6a 5.28a 43.3a 1 959.7a 1 038.8a
N2 84.2a 5.20a 43.1a 1 892.3a 1 021.2a
N3 84.3a 5.23a 43.2a 1 908.2a 1 014.2a
年份Year (Y) 2016 88.2a 5.11b 41.5b 1 867.4b 1 128.0a
2017 81.2b 5.37a 44.9a 1 959.6a 0 907.6b
互作方差来源
Source of interaction variation		 D×N 00.960 0.577 00.296 0 000.673 0 000.791
D×Y 00.861 0.994 00.287 0 000.488 0 000.577
N×Y 00.351 0.667 00.579 0 000.771 0 000.897
D×N×Y 00.636 0.682 00.765 0 000.829 0 000.856

Table 5

Effects of planting densities and nitrogen rates on cotton fiber quality"

因子Factor 处理
Treatment		 纤维长度
Fiber length (mm)		 比强度
Fiber strength (cN/tex)		 马克隆值
Micronaire		 纤维整齐度
Fiber uniformity (%)		 伸长率
Elongation (%)
种植密度Planting density (D) D1 29.2a 28.3a 4.9a 83.9a 6.4a
D2 29.2a 28.3a 4.9a 83.7b 6.4a
氮肥Nitrogen (N) N1 29.2a 28.5a 4.8a 84.0a 6.4a
N2 29.4a 28.5a 4.9a 83.9a 6.3a
N3 29.0a 28.0a 5.0a 83.6a 6.4a
年份Year (Y) 2016 29.7a 29.8a 5.1a 84.8a 6.7a
2017 28.7b 26.8b 4.7b 82.8b 6.1b
互作方差来源
Source of interaction variation		 D×N 00.349 00.387 0.289 00.721 0.554
D×Y 00.919 00.438 0.879 00.058 0.642
N×Y 00.374 00.733 0.753 00.750 0.431
D×N×Y 00.058 00.328 0.596 00.771 0.666
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