Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 119-126.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.02.017

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Research on the Relationship between Water Use and Dry Matter Accumulation and Quality of Wide Space Sowing Winter Wheat and the Regulation of Sowing Density

Hao Ruixuan(), Sun Min(), Ren Aixia, Lin Wen, Wang Peiru, Han Xuyang, Wang Qiang, Gao Zhiqiang   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2021-02-21 Revised:2021-06-10 Online:2022-04-15 Published:2022-04-24
  • Contact: Sun Min E-mail:haoruixuan123456@163.com;sm_sunmin@126.com

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the yield and quality mechanism of the wide space seed technology in winter wheat, the effects of different seeding densities on the dry matter accumulation, the plant water use efficiency and the quality of Wide Space Sowing (WSS) winter wheat were examined quality wheat production base in Western High-Huai-Hai Basin from 2017 to 2018. The results showed that, when the seeding density was 4.8×106 plant/ha, the dry matter accumulation of plant in each phase, water consumption before flowering and total water consumption in growth period increased and significantly increased yield (3.5%-16.2%), improve the water use efficiency (1.3%-11.8%). The treatment with seeding density of 4.8×106 plant/ha increased the grain protein and its componentes content significantly, the total protein increased by 2.5%-11.8% and the glutenin/gliadin ratio was increased. The contents of wet gluen, dry gluten and starch were increased significantly. The gelatinization properties of starch was improved, and the peak viscosity, retention viscosity, final viscosity and gelatinization temperature all reached significant values. Compared with other seeding density treatments, the water absorption and the development of wheat reached the highest with a seeding density of 2.4×106 plant/ha. The stabilization time and the farinograph quality number were higher than other treatments with seeding densities of 2.4×106 and 4.8×106 plant/ha. The softening degree of 3.6×106 plant/ha treatment was the highest. Under different seeding densities, there was a significantly positive correlation between soil water consumption and yield in the joint-flowering period. It was also positively correlated with grain protein content, glutenin/gliadin ratio, starch content, wet gluten content, dry gluten content, and gluten index. In short, the seeding density of winter wheat with 4.8×106 plant/ha was beneficial to increase plant dry matter accumulation, water consumption before flowering, yield, WUE and grain nutrition quality and flour processing quality, and achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency in winter wheat.

Key words: Winter wheat, Wide space sowing, Seeding density, Yield, Nutritional quality, Processing quality

Table 1

Effects of different seeding densities on water consumption and its proportion in different growth periods of winter wheat"

播种密度
（万株/hm2）
Seeding density
(×104/hm2)		 播种期―越冬期
Sowing-pre-wintering		 越冬期―拔节期
Pre-wintering-jointing		 拔节期―开花期
Jointing-anthesis		 开花期―成熟期
Anthesis-mature
耗水量
Water consumption
(mm)		 比例
Proportion
(%)		 耗水量
Water consumption
(mm)		 比例
Proportion
(%)		 耗水量
Water consumption
(mm)		 比例
Proportion
(%)		 耗水量
Water consumption
(mm)		 比例
Proportion
(%)
240 87.42c 21.18b 46.50c 11.27b 141.44b 34.27b 137.34b 33.28a
360 80.44d 19.33c 51.73b 12.43a 146.95b 35.31b 137.02b 32.93a
480 79.33d 18.26c 54.50a 12.54a 156.97a 36.13a 143.68a 33.07a
600 93.30b 21.96b 43.46d 10.23c 144.54b 34.01b 143.66a 33.81a
720 106.23a 25.74a 45.37c 10.99b 134.07c 32.49c 127.00c 30.77b

Table 2

Effects of different seeding density on water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat"

播种密度（万株/hm2）
Seeding density
(×104/hm2)		 生育期降水量
Rainfall in growth
period (mm)		 生育期灌水量
Irrigation during
growth period (mm)		 生育期
总耗水量
ET (mm)		 降水利用效率
RUE
kg/(hm2·mm)		 灌水利用效率
IWUE
kg/(hm2·mm)		 水分利用效率
WUE
kg/(hm2·mm)
240 218.3 120 412.71c 27.47e 49.98e 14.53d
360 218.3 120 416.13c 29.51c 53.68c 15.48bc
480 218.3 120 434.48a 32.79a 59.65a 16.47a
600 218.3 120 424.96b 31.63b 57.54b 16.25ab
720 218.3 120 412.68c 28.41d 51.68d 15.03cd

Table 3

Effects of seeding density on yield and plant dry matter accumulation of winter wheat in different growth periods"

播种密度
（万株/hm2）
Seeding
density
(×104/hm2)		 干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation (kg/hm2) 穗数
Ear number
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grain
number
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
播种期―越冬期
Sowing-
pre-wintering		 越冬期―拔节期
Pre-wintering-
jointing		 拔节期―开花期
Jointing-
anthesis		 开花期―成熟期
Anthesis-
mature
240 3605.25c 986.33b 4896.22d 3920.62e 562.33c 32.95ab 39.12c 5997.57e
360 3786.32b 1056.68ab 5561.65bc 4041.62d 597.67b 31.99b 39.90bc 6442.10c
480 4022.77a 1125.99a 6200.37a 4947.14a 636.00a 33.85a 41.20a 7158.30a
600 3804.43b 1161.93a 5757.67b 4507.27b 605.33b 32.72ab 41.06a 6905.34b
720 3729.79b 975.46b 5311.78c 4289.14c 593.33b 29.50c 40.68ab 6201.40d

Table 4

Effects of different seeding density on nutritional quality of winter wheat"

播种密度（万株/hm2）
Seeding density (×104/hm2)		 清蛋白
Albumin (%)		 球蛋白
Globulin (%)		 醇溶蛋白
Gliadin (%)		 谷蛋白
Glutenin (%)		 谷/醇
Glu/Gli		 总蛋白质含量
Total protein content (%)		 淀粉含量
Starch content (%)
240 2.44c 1.57c 4.29c 4.28c 1.00b 13.80d 72.17d
360 2.53b 1.62b 4.36b 4.51ab 1.03a 14.66b 75.47c
480 2.74a 1.81a 4.40a 4.59a 1.04a 15.04a 82.34a
600 2.50b 1.61bc 4.23d 4.37bc 1.03a 14.22c 78.11b
720 2.28d 1.31d 3.91e 3.90d 1.00b 13.26e 72.23d

Table 5

Effects of different seeding density on starch gelatinization characteristics of winter wheat"

播种密度（万株/hm2）
Seeding density
(×104/hm2)		 峰值黏度
Peak viscosity
(cP)		 保持黏度
Trough viscosity
(cP)		 稀懈值
Breakdown
(cP)		 回升值
Setback		 最终黏度
Final viscosity
(cP)		 峰值时间
Peak time
(min)		 糊化温度
Pasting temperature
(℃)
240 1850.00d 1235.00c 615.00bc 1163.00ab 2398.00c 5.80a 85.18b
360 1681.50e 1111.00d 570.50c 1046.50c 2157.50d 5.70b 84.73c
480 2065.50a 1365.00a 700.50a 1192.00a 2557.00a 5.80a 85.60a
600 1986.50b 1296.00b 690.50a 1174.00a 2470.00b 5.77ab 84.68c
720 1936.50c 1278.00b 658.50ab 1125.00b 2403.00c 5.70b 84.73c

Table 6

Effects of different seeding density on processing quality of winter wheat flour"

播种密度（万株/hm2）
Seeding density
（×104/hm2）		 湿面筋含量
Wet gluten
content (%)		 干面筋含量
Dry gluten
content (%)		 面筋指数
Gluten
index		 吸水率
Water
absorption (%)		 形成时间
Development
time (min)		 稳定时间
Stability time
(min)		 弱化度
Softening
degree (FU)		 粉质质量数
Farinograph
quality number
240 28.55d 9.42c 67.76bc 65.40a 1.80a 1.15ab 19.50b 47.95a
360 33.45b 10.71b 74.42a 65.05ab 1.65b 0.95c 28.00a 34.80b
480 36.30a 12.40a 74.85a 64.95c 1.70b 1.20a 19.00b 47.15a
600 32.00c 11.10b 69.40b 64.25bc 1.70bc 1.05bc 27.50a 34.50b
720 26.75e 9.37c 65.75c 63.55c 1.60c 1.05bc 27.50a 36.00b

Table 7

Relationships between water consumption in different growth periods and plant dry matter accumulation amount, yield in winter wheat"

阶段耗水量
Water consumption		 干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation 产量
Yield
播种期―越冬期
Sowing-pre-wintering		 越冬期―拔节期
Pre-wintering-jointing		 拔节期―开花期
Jointing-anthesis		 开花期―成熟期
Anthesis-mature
播种期―越冬期Sowing-pre-wintering -0.3199 -0.2222 -0.3817 -0.1403 -0.3549
越冬期―拔节期Pre-wintering-jointing – 0.1228 0.5265 0.3654 0.3913
拔节期―开花期Jointing-anthesis – – 0.6894* 0.5880 0.7529**
开花期―成熟期Anthesis-mature – – – 0.4894 0.6697*

Table 8

Relationship between water consumption in different growth periods and nutritional quality in winter wheat"

阶段耗水量
Water consumption		 谷/醇
Glu/Gli		 蛋白质含量
Protein content		 淀粉含量
Starch content
播种期―越冬期
Sowing-pre-wintering		 -0.6850 -0.8921* -0.5648
越冬期―拔节期
Pre-wintering-jointing		 0.5689 0.7840 0.5694
拔节期―开花期
Jointing-anthesis		 0.8563* 0.9680** 0.8973*
开花期―成熟期
Anthesis-mature		 0.7814 0.7877 0.7894

Fig.1

Relationship between water consumption in different growth periods and processing quality in winter wheat X1: soluble sugar content, X2: dry gluten content, X3: gluten index, X4: water absorption, X5: development time, X6: stability time, X7: softening degree, X8: farinograph quality number, X9: peak viscosity, X10: trough viscosity, X11: breakdown, X12: setback, X13: final viscosity, X14: peak time, X15: pasting temperature"

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