冬小麦-夏玉米作物蒸散量及其水热关系研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.06.021

Abstract

Abstract:

Crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) is one of the main paths for crop water consumption and plays an important role in irrigation forecast. To explore the synergistic relationship between ET_c and soil water content (SWC) and soil temperature (T_s), four lower limits (I1, I2, I3, I4) of SWC for initiating irrigation were set for a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system in well-irrigated areas of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Consequently, a synergistic equation of ET_c-SWC-T_s was established. The results showed that 10-30cm SWC (15.1%) of I1 in wheat season was the lowest, 10.5% lower than that of other treatments. SWC in 30-100cm soil layers was 19.5%-21.0%, and had no significance with other treatments. SWC of 0-100cm soil layer in maize season was 24.3%-25.1% for all treatments, with no significance also. ET_c of winter wheat reached the maximum values at mid-grain filling stage, while ET_c dynamics of summer maize displayed a multi-peak curve at jointing, bell-mouth, and heading and tasseling stages. Multivariate linear correlation was fitted to the relationship of ET_c related to 0-30cm SWC and T_s in winter wheat-summer maize cropping system (P<0.001). The effects of T_s (20cm) on ET_c was significantly higher than that of 10 and 30cm in winter wheat growing season, whereas the effects of T_s (0cm) was the smallest. Similarly, the effects of SWC of 20 and 30cm on ET_c was significantly higher than that of 10cm for wheat. As for maize, the effects on ET_c were mainly correlated to T_s of 10-30cm, whereas SWC had no significance effect on ET_c.

Key words: Crop evapotranspiration, Soil water content, Soil temperature, Winter wheat-summer maize, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Zhang Dongxia, Qin Anzhen. Relationships among Crop Evapotranspiration, Soil Moisture and Temperature in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Cropping System[J].Crops, 2022, 38(6): 145-151.

Figures/Tables 6

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References 28

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气象要素 Meteorological factor	2019			2020
气象要素 Meteorological factor	10月 Oct.	11月 Nov.	12月 Dec.	1月 Jan.	2月 Feb.	3月 Mar.	4月 Apr.	5月 May	6月 Jun.	7月 Jul.	8月 Aug.	9月 Sep.
平均气温Mean air temperature (°C)	15.9	11.0	5.0	2.7	5.9	11.6	15.9	22.9	26.3	26.0	27.5	23.0
月降水量Monthly precipitation (mm)	2.6	0.6	14.1	48.4	9.8	18.0	17.5	91.3	186.7	220.8	125.6	33.1
平均相对湿度Mean relative humidity (%)	64.3	55.4	52.1	72.2	64.8	49.9	47.8	47.1	62.9	79.4	81.9	58.7
平均风速Mean wind speed (m/s)	1.22	1.50	1.62	1.27	1.89	2.17	2.10	2.15	1.76	1.75	1.75	1.71
月日照时数Monthly sunshine hours (h)	20.8	102.2	141.0	57.9	154.3	166.6	230.0	234.0	125.0	96.7	123.3	158.4
月总辐射量Monthly solar radiation (MJ/m²)	11.7	8.5	8.5	6.5	11.2	15.6	20.6	22.1	18.5	16.5	15.6	15.4

作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	苗期 Seedling	越冬期 Over-wintering	返青拔节期 Regreening and jointing	开花孕穗期 Flowering and booting	灌浆期 Filling	成熟期 Maturity	平均 Average
冬小麦 Winter wheat	I1	0~30	12.6d	4.6d	7.6de	11.6b	21.3a	26.3a	14.0ab
		30~60	16.0b	7.2b	9.4b	11.6b	16.4c	19.2de	13.3b
		60~100	17.2a	9.2a	9.4b	11.5b	15.0d	17.2f	13.3b
	I2	0~30	12.6d	2.7e	6.9e	9.4c	15.8cd	18.5e	11.0c
		30~60	16.3ab	7.3b	9.3bc	11.3b	16.0c	18.6e	13.1b
		60~100	17.2a	9.7a	9.6b	11.5b	14.7d	16.8f	13.3b
	I3	0~30	13.3d	7.4b	12.4a	14.0a	18.9b	21.0c	14.5a
		30~60	15.9b	7.1b	9.2bc	11.4b	16.4c	19.1de	13.2b
		60~100	17.3a	9.6a	9.6b	11.5b	14.8d	16.9f	13.3b
	I4	0~30	14.8c	5.7c	8.3cd	11.4b	18.9b	23.0b	13.7b
		30~60	15.9b	7.5b	9.4b	11.4b	16.0c	18.5e	13.1b
		60~100	17.3a	9.8a	9.7b	11.6b	14.7d	16.8f	13.3b
作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	苗期 Seedling	拔节期 Jointing	大喇叭口期 Bell-mouth	抽雄吐丝期 Heading and tasseling	灌浆期 Filling	成熟期 Maturity		平均 Average
夏玉米 Summer maize	I1	0~30	26.8a	28.8a	28.2a	29.4a	26.5a	24.0a		27.3a
		30~60	23.5c	25.4c	25.0c	26.4c	24.8cd	22.8b		24.7c
		60~100	21.2d	23.2d	23.5de	24.6d	24.0de	22.7b		23.2d
	I2	0~30	23.6c	25.4c	24.8c	26.6c	23.6e	19.9c		24.1c
		30~60	23.0c	25.2c	25.0c	26.5c	25.0bc	23.0b		24.6c
		60~100	20.3d	22.5d	23.0e	24.1d	23.6d	22.3b		22.6d
	I3	0~30	24.7b	26.4b	26.1b	27.8b	26.3a	23.9a		24.7c
		30~60	23.1c	24.9c	24.5cd	25.8c	24.2de	22.3b		23.1d
		60~100	20.6d	22.7d	23.0e	24.1d	23.6e	22.3b		20.6e
	I4	0~30	26.3a	27.8a	26.6b	27.9b	25.8ab	23.6a		26.3b
		30~60	22.8c	24.8c	24.4c	26.0c	24.5d	22.6b		24.2c
		60~100	20.5d	22.7d	23.0e	24.2d	23.7e	22.5b		22.8d

作物 Crop		处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling	越冬期 Over-wintering	返青拔节期 Regreening and jointing	开花孕穗期 Flowering and booting	灌浆期 Filling	成熟期 Maturity	总计 Total
冬小麦 Winter wheat		I1	1.44c	0.64b	1.92c	3.42c	4.67c	3.06c	391d
冬小麦 Winter wheat		I2	1.49c	0.62b	2.20b	3.00d	5.60ab	4.42b	419c
		I3	1.82b	0.66ab	2.49a	3.72b	5.14b	4.86ab	456b
		I4	2.08a	0.71a	2.59a	4.20a	6.41a	5.16a	505a
作物 Crop	处理 Treatment		苗期 Seedling	拔节期 Jointing	大喇叭口期 Bell-mouth	抽雄吐丝期 Heading and tasseling	灌浆期 Filling	成熟期 Maturity	总计 Total
夏玉米 Summer maize	I1		3.64c	5.06b	4.73b	6.34b	3.52b	2.03c	475c
夏玉米 Summer maize	I2		3.97b	5.01b	4.84b	7.06a	3.95a	2.26ab	507b
	I3		3.94b	6.01a	4.92b	6.19b	3.42b	2.34a	505b
	I4		4.11a	6.20a	6.54a	6.40b	3.84a	2.10bc	553a

作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	T_s (°C)				SWC (%)			截距 Slope	R²
作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	0cm	10cm	20cm	30cm	10cm	20cm	30cm	截距 Slope	R²
冬小麦 Winter wheat	I1	0.470	-2.252	4.807	-2.781	0.034	-0.202	0.202	-2.36	0.744^**
冬小麦 Winter wheat	I2	0.275	-1.862	4.240	-2.500	-0.001	0.212	-0.367	0.242	0.825^**
	I3	0.049	0.232	0.459	-0.492	-0.033	0.037	-0.104	1.656	0.839^**
	I4	0.272	-2.569	6.275	-3.827	-0.198	0.531	-0.513	6.307	0.817^**
夏玉米 Summer maize	I1	-0.459	3.093	-5.187	3.217	-0.073	0.033	-0.013	-14.642	0.752^**
夏玉米 Summer maize	I2	0.249	0.168	0.513	-0.291	-0.01	0.071	0.052	-14.199	0.648^**
	I3	-0.394	1.552	-1.398	0.871	0.005	-0.041	0.067	-12.047	0.653^**
	I4	-1.042	3.045	-1.145	-0.264	0.045	0.059	-0.041	-11.734	0.681^**

Relationships among Crop Evapotranspiration, Soil Moisture and Temperature in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Cropping System

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处理 Treatment	小麦Wheat				玉米苗期 Seedling stage of maize
处理 Treatment	苗期Seedling	拔节期Jointing	孕穗期Booting	灌浆期Filling	玉米苗期 Seedling stage of maize
I1	45	55	55	45	45
I2	55	65	65	55	55
I3	65	75	75	65	65
I4	75	85	85	75	75

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