Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 196-204.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.01.030

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Effects of Straw Strip Mulching on Soil Temperature and Yield of Potato Field in Rain-Fed Region in Northwest China

Yang Zhinan1(), Huang Jinwen1, Han Fanxiang2, Li Yawei1, Ma Jiantao1, Chai Shouxi1, Cheng Hongbo3, Yang Delong3, Chang Lei1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2School of Geography and Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2021-01-27 Revised:2021-04-23 Online:2022-02-15 Published:2022-02-16
  • Contact: Chang Lei E-mail:1945955080@qq.com;chang3258@126.com

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Abstract:

To find out the effects of straw strip mulching and film mulching on the soil heat transfer and yield of potato farmland, experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2019. Five treatments were set to study the effects of different mulching on the soil heat transfer characteristics and yield of potato farmland. The five treatments were mulching materials (mulching film, straw), mulching period (autumn, spring), and uncovered open fields (CK). The results showed that there were significant differences in the temperature under each treatment in different growth periods and different soil layers. Compared with CK, the straw mulching in the two growing seasons significantly reduced the soil temperature in 0-25cm soil layer by 0.6℃-0.9℃, and the fall of temperature with autumn stalk mulching was greater than that with spring stalk mulching. The film mulching increased the soil temperature by 0.3℃-0.7℃. In different periods, the surface cover had a dual effect of increasing temperature and decreasing temperature. The cooling effect of straw strip mulching was greater than that of plastic film mulching, and the heating effect of plastic film mulching was greater than that of straw mulching. The diurnal variation of ground temperature had an obvious hysteresis effect with the change of temperature, and the coverage significantly suppressed ground temperature fluctuations. The mulching had a "dual suppression effect" as it inhibited the loss of soil heat to the atmosphere during low-temperature periods, and inhibited the absorption of solar radiation heat by the surface during high-temperature periods. The straw mulching was better than the plastic mulching, and the autumn mulching was better than the spring mulching. Compared with the CK, in the two growing seasons, the temperature gradient under the straw mulching decreased by 7.3-7.8℃/m and under the film mulching it decreased by 3.4-6.3℃/m. The straw strip mulching increased the yield by 14.7%, and the film mulching increased the yield by 25.3%. The difference in the single potato weight between the treatments was the main factor causing the difference in yield. Therefore, the straw strip mulching had application and promotion value in potato production in the northwest rainfed area.

Key words: Straw strip mulching, Film mulching, Soil temperature, Soil temperature gradient, Yield, Potato

Fig.1

Distribution of precipitation during the whole growth of potato at the experiment site in 2018 and 2019"

Table 1

Experiment design"

处理Treatment 耕作措施Tillage measure
地膜秋覆盖（MQ）



大垄宽70cm,高20cm,小垄宽40cm,高15cm,留10cm渗水带,用120cm宽的黑色地膜全地面覆盖,按每幅播种2行、行距40cm、株距33cm的“品”字形大垄2侧穴播马铃薯。秋季覆膜
地膜春覆盖（MC）



大垄宽70cm,高20cm,小垄宽40cm,高15cm,留10cm渗水带,用120cm宽的黑色地膜全地面覆盖,按每幅播种2行、行距40cm、株距33cm的“品”字形大垄2侧穴播马铃薯。春季覆膜
秸秆秋覆盖（JQ）

秸秆覆盖带和种植带均为60cm,2行种植,行距60cm,株距33cm,总带宽120cm,秸秆覆盖量9000kg/hm2,玉米秸秆收获后当季覆盖
秸秆春覆盖（JC）

秸秆覆盖带和种植带均为60cm,2行种植,行距60cm,株距33cm,总带宽120cm,秸秆覆盖量9000kg/hm2,玉米秸秆收获后春季覆盖
露地对照（CK）
平作不覆盖,株距33cm,行距60cm,垄宽120cm

Fig.2

Average soil temperature of 0-25cm depth in whole growth period under different treatments"

Fig.3

Dynamic variation of soil average temperaturein 0-25 cm soil layer during the potato whole growth period under different treatments"

Fig.4

Diurnal variation of soil temperature and atmospheric temperature in surface layer during flowering of potato"

Fig.5

The effects of different treatments on the soil temperature gradient at the lowest point (7:00) MR: seedling stage; TI: squaring stage; TE: flowering stage; MT: tuber bulking stage; SA: maturing stage. Vertical error bars represent the significant difference at P < 0.05 (n=3). The same below"

Fig.6

The effects of different treatments on the soil temperature gradient at the highest point (17:00)"

Fig.7

Diurnal variation of transverse temperature gradient of straw mulch treatments"

Table 2

Potato yield and yield factors"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单株结薯数
Potato number per plant		 单薯重
Single potato weight (g)		 鲜薯产量
Fresh potato yield (kg/hm2)		 商品薯率
Commercial potato rate (%)
2018 MQ 6.0ab 115.7a 36 843.2a 86.0ab
MC 5.6b 117.6a 36 052.2a 87.5a
JQ 7.1a 87.1b 31 878.7b 80.6b
JC 7.0a 87.1b 31 693.0b 80.4b
CK 6.6ab 85.0b 27 492.5c 73.9c
变异系数CV (%) 10.0 16.9 11.5 6.6
2019 MQ 6.6c 118.4a 42 569.2a 85.1a
MC 6.6c 116.0a 36 467.3b 87.1a
JQ 7.5a 103.5b 40 040.0ab 80.5bc
JC 7.2b 103.4b 36 167.2b 80.2b
CK 7.3ab 93.9c 33 497.7c 75.5c
变异系数CV (%) 5.9 9.4 9.4 5.6
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