Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 83-89.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.06.013

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Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Hydrothermal and Yield of Maize in Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia

Diao Shengpeng1,2,3,4,Gao Riping1,2,3,4,Gao Yu2,3,4,Ren Yongfeng2,3,4,Zhao Peiyi1,2,3,4,Yuan Wei5,Gao Xuefeng6   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Institute of Resources, Environment and Testing Technology Sciences, Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
    3Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
    4Inner Mongolia Agricultural Conservation Scientific Observation Laboratory Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 011705, Inner Mongolia, China
    5Wuchuan County Agricultural and Livestock Product Quality Safety Center, Hohhot 011705, Inner Mongolia, China
    6Fengzhen Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, Ulanqab 012199, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2019-04-20 Revised:2019-06-10 Online:2019-12-15 Published:2019-12-11
  • Contact: Peiyi Zhao

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Abstract:

Qingshuihe county, Inner Mongolia is located at the edge of the Loess Plateau, which is a typical arid and water-deficient area in the northern part of China. To clarify the effects of straw returning tilling on soil water storage of maize farmland and the influence of yield characteristics, a two-year field plot experiment was set up. Soil moisture changes in the whole maize growth stages, plant growth and water use efficiency and yield were monitored at rates of 0kg/hm 2(CK), 3 000kg/hm 2(SF1), 6 000kg/hm 2(SF2) and 12 000kg/hm 2(SF3) straw returning treatments. The results showed that straw returning promoted the increase of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass accumulation in the aboveground part of maize. In 2018, LAI and aboveground dry matter of SF2 increased by 13.17% and 10.70%, respectively, compared with CK. In the whole growth period of maize, soil temperature in 0-30cm soil layer, soil moisture content in 0-80cm depth, water storage and farmland water consumption in growth stage, water use efficiency and yield showed as SF2 > SF3 > SF1 > CK. In 2018, the yields of SF1, SF2 and SF3 increased by 8.5%, 11.4% and 9.3%, respectively, compared with CK. Straw returning to the field could significantly improve the soil hydrothermal condition, promote plant growth, improve grain yield and water use efficiency of maize. SF2 treatmeat has the best effect, which can be applied as the cultivation model of water-saving and moisture conservation in the Loess Plateau area of Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Straw returning, Maize, Soil temperature, Soil moisture content, Water use efficiency, Yield

Table 1

Effects of straw returning on leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of maize"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 叶面积指数Leaf area index 地上部干物质(g/株) Above ground dry matter (g/plant)
苗期
Seedling stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 抽雄期
Tasseling stage		 灌浆期
Filling
stage		 成熟期
Mature
stage		 苗期
Seedling stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 抽雄期
Tasseling stage		 灌浆期
Filling
stage		 成熟期
Mature stage
2017 CK 0.41a 1.69c 2.86d 3.63d 2.60c 3.51a 54.59d 302.81c 592.57d 622.20d
SF1 0.34c 1.77bc 3.46c 3.87c 3.21b 3.52a 61.25c 334.89b 606.01c 636.31c
SF2 0.37b 2.02a 3.71a 4.08a 3.45a 3.55a 83.69a 346.22a 655.95a 688.75a
SF3 0.36b 1.93b 3.55b 3.93b 3.30ab 3.54a 75.66b 330.28b 633.30b 664.96b
2018 CK 0.51a 1.88c 2.86d 3.72d 2.90d 3.28c 55.70d 308.99c 604.66d 634.89d
SF1 0.44c 1.95b 3.46c 3.91c 3.21c 3.45b 62.50c 331.32b 618.38c 649.29c
SF2 0.47b 2.22a 3.71a 4.21a 3.80a 3.56a 85.40a 353.29a 669.34a 702.80a
SF3 0.46b 1.93b 3.55b 4.03b 3.50b 3.28c 77.20b 337.02b 646.22b 678.53b

Table 2

Effects of straw returning on soil temperature in 0-30cm soil layer in 2018 ℃"

土层深度(cm)
Soil depth		 处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 抽雄期
Tasseling stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Mature stage
0~10 CK 21.19c 24.45a 27.08a 22.95a 19.70b
SF1 23.16b 24.19a 25.50b 22.50b 20.52a
SF2 23.82a 22.61c 25.05b 20.83d 20.71a
SF3 23.15b 23.31b 25.25b 21.85c 20.46a
10~20 CK 19.58c 22.72a 24.59a 22.12a 18.72b
SF1 20.89b 22.65a 24.83a 21.86ab 19.45a
SF2 22.09a 21.95b 23.88b 20.54c 19.54a
SF3 20.57b 22.12b 23.98b 21.47b 19.47a
20~30 CK 18.67c 22.05a 23.21a 21.81a 18.48a
SF1 19.45b 21.57b 23.01ab 21.77a 18.84a
SF2 20.89a 20.24c 22.45c 21.45a 18.88a
SF3 19.24b 21.28b 22.74bc 21.58a 18.73a

Fig.1

Soil moisture content at different depths in different growth stages under straw returning in 2017-2018"

Fig.2

Water storage of 0-80cm soil layer in maize field under straw returning Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level"

Table 3

Effects of straw returning on grain yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of maize"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 产量
(kg/hm2)
Yield		 耗水量(mm)
Water consumption		 水分利用效率
[kg/(hm2·mm)]
Water use efficienty		 与CK相比较Compared with CK
产量(%)
Yield		 耗水量(mm)
Water consumption		 水分利用效率(%)
Water use efficienty
2017 CK 7 841d 399.56a 19.62c
SF1 8 464c 405.76a 20.85b 7.9 6.20 6.27
SF2 8 756a 406.18a 21.56a 11.7 6.62 9.89
SF3 8 521b 405.91a 20.99b 8.7 6.35 6.98
2018 CK 7 872c 402.29a 19.56c
SF1 8 541b 406.75a 20.99b 8.5 4.46 7.31
SF2 8 769a 407.81a 21.50a 11.4 5.52 9.92
SF3 8 602b 406.87a 21.14b 9.3 4.58 8.08
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