Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 57-66.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.02.009

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Identification and Evaluation of Salt-Alkali Tolerance of Foxtail Millet Cultivars (Lines) at Germination Stage

Wang Huimin1,2(), Li Minghao1,2, Li Yun3, Li Han1,2, Wang Shuang1,2, Lin Xiaohu1,2(), Han Yucui1,2()   

  1. 1Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
    2College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
    3Research Center of Rural Vitalization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
  • Received:2022-03-24 Revised:2022-06-20 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-11

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Abstract:

To identify the saline-alkali tolerance of millet cultivars (lines), 24 millet cultivars (lines) were treated with five concentrations of 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160mmol/L in this study. Multiple comparisons, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, cluster analysis, gray correlation degree analysis and regression analysis of eight main indexes in response to salt-alkali stress were conducted to understand the response of millet to salt-alkali stress at germination stage, and to screen out strong salt-alkali resistant materials. The results showed that the optimum salt-alkali concentration was 80mmol/L for salt-alkali resistance screening in foxtail millet cultivars (lines). The salt-alkali tolerance of foxtail millet was ranked by comprehensive salt-alkali tolerance coefficient (CDC value), salt-alkali tolerance metric (D value) and weighted correlation degree (WDC value), and the five cultivars (lines) with the strongest salt-alkali tolerance were Taigu 004, Yugu 18, Longgu 25, Jigu 168 and K148. The tested materials were divided into four categories by cluster analysis, containing nine, ten, three, and two cultivars (lines), respectively. Grey correlation degree and stepwise regression analysis showed that relative germination potential, relative germination rate, relative root length and relative shoot length could be used as comprehensive indexes for identification of salt-alkali tolerance of foxtail millet cultivars (lines). This study provided a theoretical basis for futher study on the mechanisms of millet saline-alkali and provided an important material basis for breeding new saline-alkali tolerance cultivars.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Germination stage, Saline-alkali resistance identification, Comprehensive analysis

Table 1

Breeding units of 24 foxtail millet cultivars (lines)"

编号Code 品种（系）Cultivar (line) 育种单位Breeding unit 省（市、区）Province
1 中谷9 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 北京
2 中杂谷16 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 北京
3 中杂谷34 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 北京
4 泰谷004 泰安市农业科学研究院 山东
5 大同29 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 山西
6 朝谷58（158） 辽宁省水土保持研究所 辽宁
7 公谷88 吉林省农业科学院作物资源研究所，河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 吉林
8 龙谷25 黑龙江省农业科学院作物育种研究所，河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 黑龙江
9 陇谷13 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所 甘肃
10 衡2020-2 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所，衡水市农业科学研究院 河北
11 金苗K2 赤峰市农牧科学研究院 内蒙古
12 黄金苗 赤峰市农牧科学研究院 内蒙古
13 赤优金苗1号 赤峰市农牧科学研究所，河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 内蒙古
14 沧1057 沧州市农林科学院，河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 河北
15 K148 北京市农林科学院，河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 北京
16 K175-1H 北京市农林科学院，河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 北京
17 保316 保定市农业科学院，河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 河北
18 保谷935 保定市农业科学院，河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 河北
19 豫谷35 安阳市农业科学院 河南
20 豫谷18 安阳市农业科学院 河南
21 冀谷168 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 河北
22 17H-8161 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 河北
23 冀谷39 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 河北
24 冀科谷1号 河北科技师范学院，河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 河北

Table 2

Analysis of germination potential and germination rate of foxtail millet cultivars (lines) under different saline-alkali stress %"

编号
Code		 品种（系）
Cultivar (line)		 发芽势Germination potential
0mmol/L 40mmol/L 80mmol/L 120mmol/L 160mmol/L
1 中谷9号 74.67±5.03aA 76.67±2.31aA 37.33±9.45bB 10.67±6.11cC 6.00±4.00cC
2 中杂谷16号 76.67±3.06aA 62.00±6.00bB 32.00±3.06cC 10.67±2.31dD 4.00±4.00dD
3 中杂谷34 66.67±8.33aA 70.00±4.00aA 32.67±4.16bB 10.00±2.00cC 3.33±2.31cC
4 泰谷004 58.67±3.06aA 52.00±3.46aA 33.33±4.16bB 13.33±3.06dC 4.67±1.15eD
5 大同29 66.67±9.45aA 54.00±5.29bA 27.33±3.06cB 9.33±4.16dC 0.00±0.00dC
6 朝谷58（158） 71.33±1.15aA 66.00±2.00aA 40.00±2.00bB 14.00±5.29cC 6.67±3.06dC
7 公谷88 71.33±4.16aA 54.67±1.15bB 26.00±3.46cC 7.33±2.31dD 0.00±0.00eE
8 龙谷25 80.67±3.06aA 71.33±2.31bB 38.67±6.43cC 14.00±2.00dD 8.67±6.15dD
9 陇谷13 69.33±3.06aA 62.67±5.03bA 26.00±3.46cB 8.67±3.06dC 0.00±0.00eD
10 衡2020-2 70.00±5.29aA 60.67±6.43bA 27.33±2.31cB 9.33±2.31dC 0.00±0.00eC
11 金苗K2 90.00±2.00aA 76.00±5.29bA 47.33±15.14cB 12.67±3.06dC 2.67±3.06dC
12 黄金苗 90.67±1.15aA 80.67±2.31bB 36.67±4.62cC 13.67±0.58dD 6.67±1.15eE
13 赤优金苗1号 69.33±1.15aA 58.00±2.00bB 26.67±3.06cC 7.33±3.06dD 0.00±0.00eE
14 沧1057 68.00±2.00aA 42.67±6.43bB 26.67±3.06cC 11.33±3.06dD 4.00±2.00eD
15 K148 76.00±5.29aA 68.00±8.72aA 28.67±6.11bB 12.00±2.00cC 0.00±0.00dC
16 K175-1H 90.67±2.31aA 81.33±4.16aA 40.67±14.05bB 10.67±2.08cC 0.00±0.00cC
17 保316 71.33±9.87aA 50.00±4.00bB 25.33±2.31cC 8.67±3.06dD 0.00±0.00dD
18 保935 70.67±4.62aA 49.33±5.03bB 31.33±1.15cC 6.67±3.06dD 2.67±3.06dD
19 豫谷35 87.33±6.43aA 80.00±5.29bA 38.00±2.00cB 12.67±1.15dC 6.00±2.00dC
20 豫谷18 62.00±7.21aA 54.67±3.06bA 30.67±3.06cB 14.67±3.06dC 0.00±0.00eD
21 冀谷168 66.00±7.21aA 50.67±3.06bB 29.33±4.16cC 7.33±4.16dD 0.00±0.00eD
22 17H-8161 85.33±2.31aA 69.33±4.16bB 37.33±14.05cC 12.00±2.08dD 8.67±0.00dD
23 冀谷39 71.33±1.15aA 70.00±6.93aA 28.67±2.31bB 12.67±3.06cC 7.00±2.65cC
24 冀科谷1号 90.67±1.15aA 86.00±5.29aA 53.33±3.06bB 14.00±1.00cC 5.67±1.15cC
编号
Code		 品种（系）
Cultivar (line)		 发芽势Germination potential
0mmol/L 40mmol/L 80mmol/L 120mmol/L 160mmol/L
1 中谷9号 76.67±2.31aA 78.67±1.15aA 42.67±6.11bB 14.67±5.03cC 6.67±1.15dC
2 中杂谷16号 79.33±8.08aA 62.60±13.32bA 35.33±1.15cB 11.33±1.15dC 5.33±1.15dC
3 中杂谷34 72.00±5.29aA 73.33±6.43aA 36.67±6.11bB 11.33±3.06cC 2.67±3.06cC
4 泰谷004 61.33±4.16aA 58.00±4.00aA 32.67±4.62bB 14.33±2.08cC 4.67±2.31dC
5 大同29 69.33±8.33aA 62.00±5.29aA 29.33±4.16bB 8.67±1.15cC 0.00±0.00cC
6 朝谷58（158） 72.67±2.31aA 69.33±4.62aA 39.33±1.15bB 13.33±4.16cC 8.00±2.00cC
7 公谷88 74.67±3.06aA 57.33±1.15bB 29.33±6.43cC 8.67±3.06dD 0.00±0.00eD
8 龙谷25 80.00±5.29aA 76.67±7.02aA 41.33±3.06bB 15.33±0.58cC 8.67±2.31cC
9 陇谷13 72.67±7.02aA 62.60±12.06aA 33.33±2.31bB 10.00±2.00cC 0.00±0.00cC
10 衡2020-2 70.67±4.16aA 62.67±6.43bA 30.67±1.15cB 12.00±4.00dC 0.00±0.00eD
11 金苗K2 90.00±2.00aA 80.00±5.29bA 48.00±9.17cB 14.67±4.16dC 3.33±3.06eC
12 黄金苗 91.33±1.15aA 81.33±3.06bB 42.00±5.29cC 15.00±1.00dD 7.33±1.15eE
13 赤优金苗1号 70.67±1.15aA 58.00±2.00bB 27.33±2.31cC 9.33±3.06dD 0.00±0.00eE
14 沧1057 71.33±1.15aA 48.00±2.00bB 37.33±2.31cC 12.67±1.15dD 4.67±1.15eE
15 K148 78.67±5.03aA 68.67±8.08bA 29.33±6.43cB 16.67±3.06dB 0.00±0.00eC
16 K175-1H 90.00±2.00aA 84.67±6.11aA 52.67±6.43bB 12.00±2.00cC 0.00±0.00dD
17 保316 72.00±10.58aA 60.67±3.06bA 30.67±1.15cB 9.33±3.06dC 0.00±0.00dC
18 保935 74.67±4.16aA 52.67±8.08bB 34.00±0.00cC 6.00±0.00dD 3.33±3.06dD
19 豫谷35 91.33±1.15aA 80.00±2.00bB 40.67±3.06cC 13.33±2.31dD 6.67±1.15eE
20 豫谷18 65.33±9.02aA 57.33±5.03aA 30.67±3.06bB 16.67±5.03cC 2.00±2.00dD
21 冀谷168 71.33±5.03aA 54.00±4.00bB 33.33±4.16cC 8.67±3.06dD 0.00±0.00eD
22 17H-8161 86.00±2.00aA 70.67±3.06bB 34.00±4.00cC 14.67±1.15dD 8.67±1.15eD
23 冀谷39 72.00±2.00aA 68.67±5.03aA 30.00±4.00bB 16.67±1.15cC 7.00±1.73dD
24 冀科谷1号 91.33±1.15aA 84.00±3.46aA 50.60±14.47bB 14.33±1.53cC 6.00±1.00cC

Table 3

Analysis of germination related indexes of foxtail millet cultivars (lines) %"

编号
Code		 相对发芽势
RGP		 相对发芽率
RGR		 相对根长
RRL		 相对芽长
RBL		 发芽势盐害率
SDRGP		 发芽率盐害率
SDRGR		 根长盐害率
SDRRL		 芽长盐害率
SDRBL
1 49.99±12.66ABC 55.65±7.97AB 18.64±2.99D 50.81±11.28DEFG 50.01±9.78ABCD 44.35±8.35AB 81.36±11.28ABC 49.19±2.99ABC
2 41.74±3.98ABC 44.54±1.46ABC 9.30±1.14D 52.55±4.19DEFG 58.26±3.50ABC 55.46±5.76AB 90.70±4.19A 47.45±1.14ABC
3 49.00±6.24ABC 50.93±8.49ABC 20.12±4.95ABC 63.88±4.07CDEF 51.00±3.54ABCD 49.07±9.68AB 79.88±4.07ABCD 36.12±4.95BCD
4 56.81±7.10AB 53.27±7.53ABC 46.41±11.28BC 106.68±22.30A 43.19±4.07BCD 46.73±10.52AB 53.59±22.30E -6.68±11.28F
5 40.99±4.58ABC 42.30±6.01BC 5.44±3.69D 45.22±27.16EFGH 59.01±10.26ABCD 57.70±11.85AB 94.56±27.16A 54.78±3.69ABC
6 56.08±2.80AB 54.12±1.59AB 10.25±1.23D 41.90±5.97EFGH 43.92±3.64CD 45.88±2.90AB 89.75±5.97ABC 58.10±1.23AB
7 36.45±4.86BC 39.28±8.61BC 16.21±4.65D 52.20±6.23DEFG 63.55±4.88AB 60.72±7.43A 83.79±6.23ABC 47.80±4.65ABC
8 47.94±7.97ABC 51.66±3.82ABC 22.39±3.89C 90.76±8.47ABC 52.06±6.30ABCD 48.34±3.31AB 77.61±8.47BC 9.24±3.89DEF
9 37.50±5.00BC 45.86±3.18ABC 6.63±2.73AB 63.31±12.42CDEF 62.50±3.81AB 54.14±5.39AB 93.37±12.42A 36.69±2.73BCD
10 39.04±3.30ABC 43.40±1.63ABC 22.86±2.06D 54.52±6.18DEFG 60.96±6.51ABC 56.60±2.60AB 77.14±6.18C 45.48±2.06BC
11 52.59±16.80ABC 53.33±1.02ABC 10.36±1.77BC 40.14±5.11EFGH 47.41±15.91ABCD 46.67±11.31AB 89.64±5.11ABC 59.86±1.77AB
12 40.44±5.09ABC 45.99±5.79ABC 8.48±1.82D 45.01±6.25EFGH 56.56±5.38ABC 54.01±5.98AB 91.52±6.25A 54.99±1.82ABC
13 38.47±4.41ABC 38.67±3.27BC 15.47±1.76A 36.40±3.97GH 61.53±5.06ABC 61.33±3.63A 84.53±3.97ABC 63.60±1.76AB
14 39.22±4.49ABC 52.33±3.24ABC 10.55±3.01BC 36.99±5.91FGH 60.78±4.27ABC 47.67±2.88AB 89.45±5.91AB 63.01±3.01AB
15 37.72±8.04BC 37.28±8.17C 12.59±4.65D 66.41±9.83BCD 62.28±6.05AB 62.72±10.28A 87.41±9.83ABC 33.59±4.65BCD
16 44.85±15.48ABC 58.52±7.14A 12.54±3.54D 73.41±9.28DEFG 55.15±15.41ABCD 41.48±8.30B 87.46±9.28ABC 26.56±3.54CDE
17 35.51±3.24C 42.60±1.60BC 13.28±0.37D 52.35±7.56DEFG 64.49±4.69A 57.40±6.32AB 86.71±7.56ABC 47.65±0.37ABC
18 44.33±1.63ABC 45.53±0.00ABC 9.02±0.77D 45.09±3.76EFGH 55.67±2.49ABCD 54.47±2.61AB 90.98±3.76AB 54.91±0.77ABC
19 43.51±2.29ABC 44.53±3.35ABC 18.84±1.62D 55.61±1.55DEFG 56.49±3.75ABCD 55.47±3.91AB 80.48±1.55ABC 44.47±1.62BC
20 49.47±4.93ABC 46.95±4.68ABC 35.27±8.21D 100.36±11.98AB 50.53±3.57ABCD 53.05±11.14AB 64.73±11.98D -0.36±8.21EF
21 44.44±6.31ABC 46.73±5.84ABC 21.99±3.66D 66.09±8.79CDE 55.56±1.40ABCD 53.27±2.96AB 78.01±8.79BC 33.91±3.66BCD
22 43.75±16.46ABC 39.53±4.65BC 13.08±3.01D 58.41±5.93DEFG 56.25±4.06ABCD 60.47±3.73AB 86.92±5.93ABC 41.59±3.01BC
23 40.19±3.24ABC 41.67±5.56BC 8.16±3.09D 20.77±8.67H 59.81±3.60ABC 58.33±6.32AB 91.84±8.67AB 79.23±3.09A
24 58.82±3.37A 55.48±15.84AB 10.04±0.99D 42.28±2.67E 41.18±2.85D 44.52±16.10AB 89.96±2.67ABC 57.72±0.99ABC
最大值Max. 58.82±3.37 58.52±7.14 46.41±11.28 106.68±22.30 64.49±4.69 62.72±10.28 94.56±27.16 79.23±3.09
最小值Min. 35.51±3.24 37.28±8.17 5.44±3.69 20.77±8.67 41.18±2.85 41.48±8.30 53.59±22.30 -6.68±11.28
均值Mean 44.54 47.09 15.75 56.71 55.34 52.91 84.22 43.29
标准差SD 6.71 6.09 9.40 20.23 6.65 6.09 9.41 20.24
变异系数
CV (%)		 15.07 12.93 59.68 35.67 10.68 11.51 11.17 46.75

Fig.1

Frequency distribution of traits in foxtail millet cultivars (lines) at germination stage"

Table 4

Correlation among characteristics of foxtail millet cultivars (lines) at germination stage"

指标
Index		 相对发芽势
RGP		 相对发芽率
RGR		 相对根长
RRL		 相对芽长
RBL		 发芽率盐害
SDRGR		 发芽势盐害
SDRGP		 根长盐害率
SDRRL		 芽长盐害率
SDRBL
相对发芽势RGP 1
相对发芽率RGR 0.738** 1
相对根长RRL 0.381* 0.179 1
相对芽长RBL 0.288* 0.213 0.793** 1
发芽率盐害SDRGR -0.738** -1.000* -0.179** -0.213* 1
发芽势盐害SDRGP -0.996** -0.740** -0.369* -0.279* 0.740** 1
根长盐害率SDRRL -0.380* -0.178 -1.000** -0.792** 0.178** 0.368** 1
芽长盐害率SDRBL -0.288* -0.213 -0.792** -1.000** 0.213* 0.279* 0.791** 1

Table 5

Principal component analysis of characteristics in foxtail millet cultivars (lines) at germination stage"

主成分
Principal component		 第1主成分
First principal
component		 第2主成分
Second principal
component
特征值Eigenvectors 4.590 2.496
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 57.380 31.206
累计贡献率
Total contribution rates (%)		 57.380 88.585
载荷因子Load factor
相对发芽率RGR 0.683 -0.647
相对发芽势RGP 0.788 -0.497
相对根长RRL 0.791 0.525
相对芽长RBL 0.767 0.548
发芽率盐害率SDRGR -0.683 0.647
发芽势盐害率SDRGP -0.782 0.507
根长盐害率SDRRL -0.790 -0.526
芽长盐害率SDRBL -0.767 -0.548

Table 6

Comprehensive ranking of CDC value, WDC value and D value for salt-alkali tolerance evaluation of foxtail millet cultivars (lines) at germination stage"

编号
Code		 品种（系）
Cultivar (line)		 CDC值
CDC value		 CDC值排序
CDC ranking		 D值
D value		 D值排序
D ranking		 WDC值
WDC value		 WDC值排序
WDC ranking		 综合排序
Comprehensive ranking
1 中谷9号 0.438 7 0.242 20 0.469 7 15
2 中杂谷16号 0.370 16 0.374 14 0.410 16 14
3 中杂谷34 0.460 5 0.387 13 0.498 5 7
4 泰谷004 0.658 1 0.742 2 0.703 1 1
5 大同29 0.335 22 0.338 15 0.372 22 19
6 朝谷58（158） 0.406 10 0.089 23 0.439 10 22
7 公谷88 0.360 17 0.552 4 0.392 19 9
8 龙谷25 0.532 3 0.532 6 0.588 3 3
9 陇谷13 0.383 15 0.417 12 0.433 11 13
10 衡2020-2 0.400 11 0.552 4 0.427 13 6
11 金苗K2 0.391 12 0.121 22 0.422 15 21
12 黄金苗 0.350 20 0.311 16 0.385 20 18
13 赤优金苗1号 0.323 23 0.463 11 0.343 23 16
14 沧1057 0.348 21 0.234 21 0.376 21 20
15 K148 0.385 14 0.598 3 0.430 12 5
16 K175-1H 0.473 4 0.294 18 0.528 4 11
17 保316 0.359 19 0.489 8 0.394 17 12
18 保935 0.360 18 0.302 17 0.394 18 17
19 豫谷35 0.406 9 0.469 10 0.439 9 8
20 豫谷18 0.580 2 0.750 1 0.630 2 2
21 冀谷168 0.448 6 0.508 7 0.486 6 4
22 17H-8161 0.387 13 0.486 9 0.426 14 10
23 冀谷39 0.277 24 0.267 19 0.294 24 24
24 冀科谷1号 0.417 8 0.048 24 0.450 8 23
平均值Mean 0.410 0.399 0.447
标准差SD 0.167 0.184 0.091
变异系数CV (%) 40.735 46.218 20.401

Fig.2

Cluster diagram of salt-alkali tolerance of foxtail millet at germination stage based on D value"

Table 7

Correlation degree between DC value of four indexes and D value together with WDC value and indexes weight in foxtail millet cultivars (lines)"

指标
Index		 等权关联度
γD		 权重系数
ωi		 加权关联度
γWDC
相对发芽势RGP 0.6391 0.2495 0.8649
相对发芽率RGR 0.6288 0.2727 0.8602
相对根长RRL 0.6799 0.1552 0.7118
相对芽长RBL 0.7414 0.3226 0.8500

Table 8

Prediction of saline-alkali resistance models for tested foxtail millet cultivars (lines)"

因变量Dependent variable 多元逐步回归方程Multiple stepwise regression equation F值F value 相关系数R P值P value
综合抗旱系数CDC Y=0.250X1+0.250X2+0.250X3+0.250X4 99.60×106 1 0.000
加权关联度WDC Y=0.971+0.462X1-1.306X2+0.971X3-0.835X4 11.49×108 1 0.000
耐旱性度量值D Y=0.249X1+0.323X2+0.273X3+0.155X4 23.60×103 1 0.000
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