Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 54-61.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.04.007

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Comprehensive Evaluation of 50 Wheat Germplasm Resources Derived from ICARDA

Song Quanhao1(), Cao Yanwei2, Jin Yan1, Xiao Yonggui3(), Song Jiajing1, Zhao Lishang1, Chen Jie1, Bai Dong1, Zhu Tongquan1   

  1. 1Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
    2Zhumadian Rural Social Development Center, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
    3Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-03-20 Revised:2024-04-25 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-14

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Abstract:

In order to reveal the genetic diversity and characteristics of wheat germplasms from International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), and to determine its application value in Huang-Huai region of China, 50 new wheat resources introduced from ICARDA were taken for comprehensive evaluation of 11 main agronomic and yield traits, which includes plant height, first internode length under the spike, stem length under the spike, ear length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, tiller number, kernels per spike, biomass, yield, 1000-grain weight, and six quality indexes, including contents of moisture, water abstraction, protein, gluten, hardness index and sedimentation value. The results showed that 50 resources displayed rich phenotypic diversity. The variation coefficients of agronomic and yield traits ranged from 7.59% to 35.08%, with an average of 18.87%; the diversity index ranged from 1.84 to 2.08, with an average of 1.97. The coefficients of variation of quality traits ranged from 1.11% to 10.52%, with an average value of 5.15%; the diversity index ranged from 1.76 to 2.06, with an average of 1.96. Principal component analysis showed that the information of the first six principal components was 79.71% of the total information. Further, the 50 materials had been clustered into three groups, in which group Ⅰ contained 23 samples, accounting for 46.00%, group II contained six germplasms, accounting for 12.00%, group Ⅲ contained 21 germplasms, accounting for 42.00%. There were significant differences in traits among different groups. The biomass, yield, tiller number, ear length and kernels per spike of group II were the largest, and the contents of protein and gluten were the highest. The top four in overall F values of group II were ICAR-46, ICAR-135, ICAR-66 and ICAR-20. In this study, the genetic diversity characteristics of this cluster of wheat germplasms and its utilization value in agronomy, yield and quality were identified.

Key words: Wheat, Resources evaluation, ICARDA, Agronomic traits, Quality traits

Table 1

Materials used in this test"

编号Code 品系Accession 编号Code 品系Accession
1 ICAR-1 27 ICAR-65
2 ICAR-2 28 ICAR-66
3 ICAR-6 29 ICAR-67
4 ICAR-7 30 ICAR-70
5 ICAR-10 31 ICAR-82
6 ICAR-11 32 ICAR-83
7 ICAR-12 33 ICAR-89
8 ICAR-15 34 ICAR-84
9 ICAR-16 35 ICAR-90
10 ICAR-20 36 ICAR-95
11 ICAR-23 37 ICAR-96
12 ICAR-26 38 ICAR-98
13 ICAR-27 39 ICAR-100
14 ICAR-29 40 ICAR-105
15 ICAR-34 41 ICAR-106
16 ICAR-39 42 ICAR-113
17 ICAR-41 43 ICAR-115
18 ICAR-44 44 ICAR-120
19 ICAR-46 45 ICAR-122
20 ICAR-51 46 ICAR-126
21 ICAR-55 47 ICAR-130
22 ICAR-56 48 ICAR-131
23 ICAR-59 49 ICAR-132
24 ICAR-62 50 ICAR-135
25 ICAR-63 对照CK 驻麦762
26 ICAR-64

Table 2

The main agronomic traits, yield traits, quality index and diversity index of wheat"

性状
Trait		 年份
Year		 最小值
Minimum		 最大值
Maximum		 均值
Mean		 标准差
Standard
deviation		 极差值
Range		 变异系数
Coefficient of
variation (%)		 多样性指数
Diversity
index
株高Plant height (cm) 2021-2022 79.00 114.10 89.75 6.88 35.10 7.66 1.91
2022-2023 79.75 114.75 89.99 6.83 35.00 7.59 1.88
穗下节长
First internode length under the spike (cm)		 2021-2022 17.80 42.50 31.08 4.77 24.70 15.35 2.02
2022-2023 19.80 42.30 31.07 4.70 22.50 15.11 2.04
穗下茎长Stem length under the spike (cm) 2021-2022 3.50 23.10 11.23 3.94 19.60 35.08 1.99
2022-2023 3.68 19.25 11.48 3.96 15.58 34.45 2.00
旗叶长Flag leaf length (cm) 2021-2022 13.40 30.75 22.17 3.82 17.36 17.23 2.08
2022-2023 13.40 32.90 22.46 4.19 19.51 18.65 2.01
旗叶宽Flag leaf width (cm) 2021-2022 1.26 2.63 1.85 0.28 1.37 14.93 2.06
2022-2023 1.14 2.50 1.87 0.29 1.36 15.57 1.95
穗粒数Kernels per spike 2021-2022 42.00 91.00 61.25 11.63 49.00 18.98 1.97
2022-2023 40.50 92.50 61.10 11.99 52.00 19.63 1.94
穗长Ear length (cm) 2021-2022 9.03 17.10 12.10 1.77 8.08 14.60 1.97
2022-2023 8.19 17.10 12.18 1.82 8.91 14.92 2.01
分蘖数Tiller number 2021-2022 59.00 146.00 87.21 17.86 87.00 20.48 1.86
2022-2023 58.50 154.00 88.16 18.70 95.50 21.21 1.84
生物量Biomass (g) 2021-2022 187.70 601.15 369.70 97.26 413.45 26.31 2.00
2022-2023 181.80 584.10 366.57 93.87 402.30 25.61 2.01
产量Yield (g) 2021-2022 53.68 225.79 131.64 33.90 172.11 25.75 2.00
2022-2023 50.68 218.29 131.81 32.33 167.61 24.53 2.01
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 2021-2022 24.82 43.15 35.65 3.85 18.33 10.80 1.89
2022-2023 24.99 43.19 35.66 3.84 18.20 10.76 1.91
水分含量Moisture content (%) 2021-2022 12.23 13.16 12.93 0.15 0.92 1.17 1.86
2022-2023 12.23 13.11 12.89 0.14 0.88 1.11 1.76
吸水率Water abstraction (%) 2021-2022 54.60 63.80 59.74 1.97 9.20 3.30 2.00
2022-2023 54.80 63.70 59.88 1.95 8.90 3.25 1.98
蛋白质含量Protein content (%) 2021-2022 11.91 14.38 13.07 0.67 2.47 5.11 1.93
2022-2023 11.98 14.39 13.10 0.66 2.41 5.06 1.93
面筋含量Gluten content (%) 2021-2022 24.52 30.89 27.99 1.52 6.38 5.43 2.04
2022-2023 24.49 30.92 27.98 1.51 6.43 5.41 2.03
硬度值Hardness index 2021-2022 53.00 71.00 62.98 3.52 18.00 5.59 1.98
2022-2023 53.50 71.00 63.18 3.43 17.50 5.43 1.98
沉降值Sedimentation value (mL) 2021-2022 21.40 36.30 28.89 3.02 14.90 10.46 1.99
2022-2023 21.55 37.05 29.42 3.10 15.50 10.52 2.06

Table 3

Principal component analysis of main traits"

性状
Trait		 主成分Principal component
1 2 3 4 5 6
株高Plant height (x1) 0.43 0.31 0.05 -0.06 -0.63 0.15
穗下节长First internode length under the spike (x2) 0.53 0.43 -0.54 0.29 0.02 0.27
穗下茎长Stem length under the spike (x3) 0.41 0.44 -0.48 0.49 -0.19 0.15
旗叶长Flag leaf length (x4) 0.34 0.56 -0.16 -0.01 0.29 -0.11
旗叶宽Flag leaf width (x5) 0.68 0.24 -0.13 0.16 0.49 -0.08
穗粒数Kernels per spike (x6) 0.04 0.35 0.44 -0.44 0.37 0.30
穗长Ear length (x7) 0.23 0.34 0.19 -0.33 0.25 0.65
分蘖数Tiller number (x8) 0.21 0.25 0.58 0.06 -0.41 -0.16
生物量Biomass (x9) 0.70 0.26 0.51 -0.07 -0.14 -0.15
产量Yield (x10) 0.66 0.08 0.66 0.05 0.05 -0.18
千粒重1000-grain weight (x11) 0.45 -0.05 -0.03 0.27 0.28 -0.53
水分含量Moisture content (x12) 0.07 -0.51 0.16 0.20 0.57 0.05
吸水率Water abstraction (x13) -0.52 0.18 0.44 0.66 0.01 0.17
蛋白质含量Protein content (x14) -0.48 0.76 -0.12 -0.21 0.07 -0.24
面筋含量Gluten content (x15) -0.47 0.74 0.05 0.05 0.18 -0.20
硬度值Hardness index (x16) -0.41 0.14 0.41 0.72 0.08 0.24
沉降值Sedimentation value (x17) -0.65 0.54 0.02 -0.14 0.05 -0.21
特征值Eigenvalue 3.75 2.95 2.23 1.79 1.59 1.24
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 22.05 17.36 13.12 10.52 9.37 7.28
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 22.05 39.41 52.53 63.06 72.43 79.71
权重系数Weight coefficient (%) 27.66 21.78 16.46 13.20 11.75 9.13

Table 4

F-values of 50 wheat varieties (lines) on main traits"

品系
Accession		 农艺性状
Agronomic trait		 品质性状
Quality trait		 F值
F-value		 排名
Ranking		 品系
Accession		 农艺性状
Agronomic trait		 品质性状
Quality trait		 F值
F-value		 排名
Ranking
1 0.87 -2.54 0.30 21 26 2.85 2.94 1.94 6
2 1.25 0.79 1.13 10 27 -2.19 -0.11 -2.01 46
3 1.06 0.54 0.61 15 28 3.45 -0.44 2.30 3
4 -1.01 0.28 -1.33 43 29 -1.40 -1.13 -1.14 42
5 0.00 -3.48 0.60 16 30 -1.66 0.73 -2.30 48
6 0.84 0.34 0.79 14 31 -2.63 3.78 -2.81 50
7 -1.78 0.84 -1.54 44 32 1.01 -1.49 0.41 19
8 0.26 0.74 -0.03 26 33 -0.47 -0.83 -0.11 27
9 -0.33 0.84 -0.55 35 34 0.56 -3.42 -0.12 28
10 2.58 -2.86 2.14 4 35 -2.60 0.64 -2.58 49
11 1.44 -2.25 2.04 5 36 -0.02 1.18 -0.45 33
12 0.15 -6.07 0.49 17 37 -0.43 1.31 -0.43 31
13 -1.35 -0.02 -0.44 32 38 0.23 0.02 1.13 11
14 0.26 -0.19 0.27 22 39 -0.92 -1.38 -0.75 37
15 1.34 -3.56 1.47 8 40 -0.18 -1.66 0.45 18
16 0.34 0.12 0.38 20 41 -0.13 -1.55 -0.38 30
17 -0.46 -0.43 -0.15 29 42 -0.84 -0.84 -0.84 38
18 -0.31 -0.78 -0.49 34 43 -1.27 0.46 -2.08 47
19 2.00 1.44 2.80 1 44 -0.19 1.73 0.24 23
20 -1.58 1.32 -0.62 36 45 -1.17 1.67 -1.00 40
21 -0.08 3.11 0.18 25 46 -0.81 -0.45 -1.85 45
22 1.08 2.71 1.11 12 47 0.48 0.83 0.23 24
23 -0.79 -0.42 -1.07 41 48 -0.59 -1.66 -0.90 39
24 1.01 2.47 1.53 7 49 0.45 2.86 1.03 13
25 1.01 1.86 1.27 9 50 3.65 2.01 2.45 2

Fig.1

Cluster diagram of different accessions based on tested traits"

Table 5

Statistical analysis of traits of different groups"

性状
Trait		 类群Group 均值
Mean
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
株高Plant height (cm) 88.05±5.87b 98.06±10.53a 89.51±4.87b 89.86
穗下节长First internode length under the spike (cm) 29.76±4.72a 31.33±4.79a 32.43±4.48a 31.07
穗下茎长Stem length under the spike (cm) 10.42±3.96a 12.49±4.71a 12.05±3.47a 11.35
旗叶长Flag leaf length (cm) 21.26±4.10b 24.82±4.02a 22.74±3.50ab 22.31
旗叶宽Flag leaf width (cm) 1.73±0.25b 1.96±0.18a 1.95±0.28a 1.85
穗粒数Kernels per spike 60.78±9.68b 72.00±13.43a 58.51±12.20b 61.17
穗长Ear length (cm) 11.75±1.61a 12.66±2.86a 12.42±1.47a 12.14
分蘖数Tiller number 81.23±19.72b 110.12±17.36a 88.33±10.43b 87.68
生物量Biomass (g) 291.19±42.87c 555.02±30.49a 399.00±41.51b 368.13
产量Yield (g) 105.55±21.05c 182.85±29.11a 145.77±13.86b 131.72
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 34.13±3.72a 36.28±4.40a 37.13±3.31a 35.65
水分含量Moisture content (%) 12.90±0.10ab 12.79±0.29b 12.95±0.10a 12.91
吸水率Water abstraction (%) 60.33±1.40a 59.66±1.55a 59.27±2.43a 59.80
蛋白质含量Protein content (%) 13.23±0.68ab 13.39±0.82a 12.83±0.52b 13.08
面筋含量Gluten content (%) 28.25±1.39ab 28.76±1.77a 27.46±1.45b 27.98
硬度值Hardness index 63.63±2.32a 62.45±3.38a 62.65±4.47a 63.08
沉降值Sedimentation value (mL) 29.77±2.98a 29.27±2.79a 28.43±3.09a 29.15
数量 Number 23 6 21
占比Proportion（%） 46.00 12.00 42.00
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