Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 195-201.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.027

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Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Rice Quality of High-Quality Conventional Rice Guiyu 12

Li Hu1(), Huang Qiuyao2, Wu Zishuai1, Liu Guanglin1, Chen Chuanhua1(), Luo Qunchang1, Zhu Qinan1   

  1. 1Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding / Guangxi Talent Highland of High Quality Rice Breeding Research, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
    2Baise Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2024-03-04 Revised:2024-05-12 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-03

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on the yield and rice quality of the high-quality rice Guiyu 12 in Guangxi rice region, and to provide theoretical reference and practical basis for its high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation, a double-factor split-plot field experiment was conducted in the early and late seasons of 2021 in the experimental base of Baise Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that nitrogen application rate and planting density had no significant effect on early and late rice yield of Guiyu 12. Excessive nitrogen application rate could significantly affect the milled rice rate, grain length, grain width, length-width ratio, chalkiness degree, chalkiness rate, transparency, and protein content indicators of early and late rice, leading to a decrease in appearance quality of rice. Excessive planting density could significantly affect grain length, length-width ratio, transparency, protein content, and amylose content indicators, leading to a deterioration in appearance and taste quality. In production, the relationship between yield and rice quality should be coordinated, and the appropriate nitrogen application amount and planting density should be selected. Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimal nitrogen application rate of Guiyu 12 early rice was 120 kg/ha, the planting density was 1.8×105 holes/ha, with two seedlings per hole, and the yield of 6.71×103 kg/ha could be obtained. The optimal nitrogen application rate of late rice was 210 kg/ha, the planting density was 1.8×105 holes/ha, with two seedlings per hole, and the yield of 6.72×103 kg/ha could be obtained.

Key words: Rice, Planting density, Nitrogen application rate, Guiyu 12, Yield, Rice quality

Table 1

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on economic characteristics and yield of Guiyu 12 early rice"

处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Effective panicles
(×106/hm2)		 最高苗数
Maximum number of
seedlings (×106/hm2)		 成穗率
Panicle formation
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 穗长
Panicle
length (cm)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 产量
Yield
(×103 kg/hm2)
A1 2.85b 4.37bB 65.25a 22.06a 86.66a 125.56a 26.91a 114.23b 6.54a
A2 3.21a 5.22aA 61.49a 21.99a 87.91a 131.76a 27.23a 118.36ab 6.33a
A3 3.15a 5.52aA 57.33a 21.85a 86.26a 131.34a 27.23a 120.20a 6.39a
B1 2.79cB 4.79b 59.05bB 21.96a 86.33a 128.22a 27.29a 116.17bB 6.52a
B2 3.12bA 5.25a 59.93bAB 22.16a 87.46a 130.33a 27.21a 120.14aA 6.36a
B3 3.29aA 5.07ab 65.08aA 21.79a 87.05a 130.11a 26.87a 115.99bB 6.38a
A1B1 2.54bB 3.96b 64.11a 21.83a 86.39a 128.15a 26.91a 112.67b 6.71a
A1B2 2.96aA 4.66a 64.02a 22.23a 86.58a 122.79a 26.93a 115.67a 6.53ab
A1B3 3.05aA 4.50a 67.60a 22.12a 87.02a 125.74a 26.89a 114.37ab 6.39b
A2B1 2.83bB 4.75b 59.66a 22.33a 87.55a 127.67a 27.43a 117.67abAB 6.10bB
A2B2 3.28aA 5.44a 60.36a 21.97ab 87.96a 132.59a 27.30a 121.00aA 6.63aA
A2B3 3.51aA 5.47a 64.44a 21.68b 88.23a 135.03a 26.95a 116.40bB 6.28bAB
A3B1 3.01b 5.65a 53.38b 21.71ab 85.05a 128.84a 27.51a 119.67bAB 6.75aA
A3B2 3.12ab 5.65a 55.41b 22.29a 87.84a 135.62a 27.40a 123.73aA 5.94bB
A3B3 3.31a 5.25a 63.20a 21.56b 85.88a 129.57a 26.76a 117.20bB 6.47bB
A 7.99* 49.06** 2.94 1.67 1.51 2.22 2.80 7.43* 3.37
B 22.45** 2.66 5.83* 2.21 0.90 0.36 0.73 10.96** 2.49
A×B 1.48 1.56 0.54 2.01 0.59 1.37 0.19 1.47 14.06**

Table 2

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on economic characteristics and yield of late rice of Guiyu 12"

处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Effective panicles
(×106/hm2)		 最高苗数
Maximum number of
seedlings (×106/hm2)		 成穗率
Panicle formation
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 穗长
Panicle length
(cm)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 产量
Yield
(×103 kg/hm2)
A1 2.79a 6.10b 46.86a 22.15a 79.94a 140.52a 24.15b 116.56cB 6.56a
A2 2.78a 6.78a 41.41b 22.33a 80.81a 142.38a 24.41ab 119.09bB 6.31a
A3 2.82a 6.69ab 42.32ab 22.16a 81.03a 139.22a 25.01a 124.04aA 6.41a
B1 2.67bB 5.88bB 46.29aA 22.16a 80.81a 142.64a 24.41a 120.82aA 6.57a
B2 2.84aA 6.58aAB 43.55abAB 22.28a 81.41a 137.47b 24.69a 120.48aA 6.36a
B3 2.89aA 7.11aA 40.75bB 22.17a 79.57a 142.01ab 24.47a 118.39bB 6.34a
A1B1 2.70b 5.14cC 53.15aA 21.63bB 79.24a 143.10a 23.60b 116.60bB 6.70a
A1B2 2.79ab 6.03bB 46.76bA 22.47aA 79.65a 137.42a 24.46a 118.90aA 6.48a
A1B3 2.89a 7.12aA 40.67cB 22.36aA 80.95a 141.03a 24.39a 114.17cC 6.48a
A2B1 2.60bB 5.67bB 46.00aA 22.53a 82.63a 141.88ab 24.07a 119.70a 6.30a
A2B2 2.87aA 7.20aA 39.93abAB 22.28a 81.46ab 138.72b 24.48a 118.67a 6.40a
A2B3 2.86aA 7.47aA 38.31bB 22.17a 78.35b 146.53a 24.70a 118.90a 6.22a
A3B1 2.71a 6.82a 39.72a 22.32a 80.57a 142.95a 25.57a 126.17aA 6.72a
A3B2 2.85a 6.51a 43.97a 22.08a 83.10a 136.25a 25.13ab 123.87bAB 6.21a
A3B3 2.90a 6.74a 43.28a 22.09a 79.42a 138.48a 24.32b 122.10cB 6.30a
A 0.72 5.29 5.09 0.60 0.76 3.03 6.47 67.60** 1.52
B 9.23** 12.90** 5.90* 0.32 1.41 3.00 0.57 17.08** 1.66
A×B 0.53 4.51* 4.83* 3.77* 1.78 0.71 3.01 7.96** 0.79

Table 3

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on rice quality of early rice of Guiyu 12"

处理
Treatment		 糙米率
Brown rice
rate (%)		 精米率
Milled rice
rate (%)		 粒长
Grain length
(mm)		 粒宽
Grain width
(mm)		 长宽比
Length-
width ratio		 垩白度
Chalkiness
degree (%)		 垩白粒率
Chalkiness
rate (%)		 透明度
Transparency		 蛋白质含量
Protein
content (%)		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose
content (%)
A1 78.90a 73.71aA 6.11b 1.79b 3.45a 1.44a 6.29a 1.00a 7.31bB 17.46a
A2 78.86a 72.80bAB 6.09b 1.79ab 3.43a 1.37a 5.71a 1.11a 7.64abAB 17.00a
A3 80.21a 72.60bB 6.19a 1.81a 3.47a 1.36a 5.50a 1.22a 8.08aA 16.50a
B1 79.08a 73.22a 6.13a 1.79a 3.45a 1.41a 6.02a 1.11a 7.52b 17.56aA
B2 78.76a 73.01a 6.13a 1.79a 3.45a 1.33a 5.52a 1.22a 7.74ab 16.93abAB
B3 80.13a 72.89a 6.14a 1.80a 3.45a 1.43a 5.96a 1.00a 7.77a 16.47bB
A1B1 79.06a 74.08a 6.07b 1.78a 3.45a 1.41a 5.80a 1.00a 7.13ac 17.97a
A1B2 78.46a 73.54a 6.15a 1.79a 3.45a 1.47a 6.39a 1.00a 7.40a 17.13a
A1B3 79.19a 73.51a 6.11ab 1.79a 3.45a 1.45a 6.69a 1.00a 7.40ab 17.27a
A2B1 78.66a 73.20a 6.09ab 1.79a 3.43a 1.42a 6.30a 1.00a 7.57a 17.20aAB
A2B2 78.93a 72.45a 6.04b 1.79a 3.43a 1.39a 5.56ab 1.33a 7.57a 17.60aA
A2B3 78.98a 72.75a 6.13a 1.80a 3.44a 1.29a 5.27b 1.00a 7.80a 16.20bB
A3B1 79.52ab 72.38a 6.22a 1.81a 3.48a 1.40ab 5.96a 1.33a 7.87b 17.50aA
A3B2 78.89b 73.02a 6.19a 1.80a 3.47a 1.13b 4.63b 1.33a 8.27a 16.07bAB
A3B3 82.22a 72.41a 6.16a 1.81a 3.46a 1.54a 5.92a 1.00a 8.10ab 15.93bB
A 2.18 14.06* 8.45* 4.86 2.89 0.22 1.06 2.00 11.79* 2.32
B 1.47 0.61 0.11 0.22 0.04 1.06 1.56 0.86 3.15 7.15**
A×B 0.84 1.02 2.69 0.23 0.19 2.60 3.00 0.43 0.79 2.31

Table 4

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on rice quality of late rice of Guiyu 12"

处理
Treatment		 糙米率
Brown rice
rate (%)		 精米率
Milled rice
rate (%)		 粒长
Grain length
(mm)		 粒宽
Grain width
(mm)		 长宽比
Length-
width ratio		 垩白度
Chalkiness
degree (%)		 垩白粒率
Chalkiness
rate (%)		 透明度
Transparency		 蛋白质含量
Protein
content (%)		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose
content (%)
A1 76.22a 64.11a 6.20bB 1.77a 3.52bB 0.48bB 2.49bB 1.00bB 8.01a 15.41a
A2 77.71a 65.36a 6.29aAB 1.77a 3.56aAB 0.60aAB 3.11aAB 1.00bB 8.06a 15.39a
A3 77.22a 65.44a 6.33aA 1.78a 3.57aA 0.63aA 3.56aA 1.56aA 8.28a 14.71a
B1 76.58a 64.71a 6.29bA 1.77a 3.56aA 0.49a 2.61a 1.00bB 8.12a 15.21a
B2 77.18a 64.96a 6.20cB 1.77a 3.52bB 0.54a 3.03a 1.22aAB 8.19a 14.79a
B3 77.39a 65.23a 6.33aA 1.78a 3.57aA 0.67a 3.52a 1.33aA 8.03a 15.51a
A1B1 75.84a 63.84a 6.11cB 1.77a 3.46bB 0.58a 2.74a 1.00a 8.03a 15.33a
A1B2 76.37a 64.14a 6.20bA 1.77a 3.53aA 0.31a 1.92a 1.00a 8.10a 15.27a
A1B3 76.45a 64.34a 6.29aA 1.77a 3.56aA 0.55a 2.82a 1.00a 7.90a 15.63a
A2B1 77.14a 65.70a 6.40aA 1.77a 3.62aA 0.48a 2.61a 1.00a 8.13a 15.53ab
A2B2 78.47a 65.53a 6.17cB 1.77a 3.49cB 0.66a 3.19a 1.00a 8.17a 14.47b
A2B3 77.52a 64.87a 6.29bA 1.77a 3.56bA 0.65a 3.53a 1.00a 7.87b 16.17a
A3B1 76.75a 64.59a 6.35aA 1.77bB 3.61aA 0.42a 2.49b 1.00bB 8.20a 14.77a
A3B2 76.69a 65.22a 6.23bB 1.77bAB 3.53bB 0.65a 3.97ab 1.67aA 8.30a 14.63a
A3B3 78.22a 66.49a 6.41aA 1.80aA 3.58aAB 0.82a 4.20a 2.00aA 8.33a 14.73a
A 1.88 1.55 25.41** 0.70 18.59** 14.22* 16.25* 25.00** 0.88 1.37
B 0.55 0.13 19.09** 2.47 10.37** 1.11 2.12 7.00** 2.35 1.66
A×B 0.40 0.31 11.72** 1.88 11.89** 1.03 1.23 7.00** 1.54 0.81
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