Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 101-108.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.014

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Effects of Different Planting Patterns on the Yield and Efficiency of Maize in Strip Intercropping System

Ren Yongfu1(), Li Jiayi1, Chen Guopeng2, Pu Tian2, Chen Hong2, Wang Xiaochun2()   

  1. 1Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Liangzhou District, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
    2College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2024-03-06 Revised:2024-04-24 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

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Abstract:

This study systematically investigated the impact of various planting patterns on the yield and its components, material accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic potential, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, light energy utilization efficiency, and heat utilization efficiency of intercropping maize. The objective was to probe into the differences on yield and efficiency under different planting patterns. Field experiments were conducted at three sites by using Chengdan 30 as the experimental material, with four maize-soybean intercropping planting patterns established: basic production (CK), farmers practice (FC), high-yielding and high-efficiency cultivation (HC), super high-yielding cultivation (SC). The results revealed significant differences on the yield of maize under different cultivation patterns. SC and HC demonstrated a notable increase in yield by 22.49% and 18.18%, respectively, compared to FC, the increase in production was the largest in Pingchang site (34.72%). An analysis of yield composition factors indicated that, in comparison with FC, the effective ears of HC increased significantly by 4.44%, and the 1000-grain weight increased by 4.49%. Moreover, compared with HC, SC exhibited 18.33% increase in effective ears but 10.40% reduction in grains per spike. Dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic potential followed the order: SC > HC > FC > CK. Stem and leaf dry matter transport contributed more significantly in SC than in other cultivation models. Compared with FC, partial factor productivity of nitrogen of HC significantly increased in productivity by 8.30% and an 11.37% rise in nitrogen utilization efficiency. Regarding resource utilization efficiency, SC exhibited a significant increase in light and heat utilization efficiency by 11.48% and 18.78%, respectively, compared to FC. Among the three experimental points, Pingchang had a greater potential for yield increase. Based on the FC reasonable increase maize planting density, optimization of nitrogen application and overall cultivation management can further tap into the yield potential of intercropping maize in the southwest region, achieving the goal of increasing yield and efficiency.

Key words: Maize-soybean strip intercropping, Planting patterns, Yield, Efficiency, Difference

Table 1

Natural conditions in text sites"

地点
Site		 有效积温
Effective accumulated
temperature (℃)		 降水量
Rainfall
(mm)		 辐射量
Radiation amount
(MJ/m2)
仁寿Renshou 2879.1 744.8 1116.4
乐至Lezhi 2672.6 767.3 1297.4
平昌Pingchang 2749.3 560.4 1312.2

Table 2

The design of field experiment"

处理
Treatment		 密度
（株/hm2)
Density
(plant/hm2)		 施肥量Fertilization rate (kg/hm2) 其他措施
Other measures
底肥
Basal fertilizer		 苗肥
Seedling fertilizer		 拔节肥
Jointing fertilizer		 穗肥
Earing fertilizer
N P2O5 KCl N Zn N P2O5 KCl N P2O5 KCl
基础栽培（不
施肥）CK		 52 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 雨养为主
农户栽培FC 52 500 120 33.6 38.4 － － － － － 120 33.6 38.4
高产高效HC 67 500 90 105 150 60 30 － － － 120 － － 雨养为主，9叶期喷施矮丰控高防倒
超高产SC

 67 500

 150

 150

 225

 60

 30

 180

 33.6

 38.4

 150

 150

 225

 播种前深施腐熟猪粪1500 kg/hm2并
翻耕，水肥一体化，9叶期喷施矮丰
控高防倒

Table 3

Maize and soybean sowing and harvesting dates 月-日month-day"

年份
Year		 项目
Item		 仁寿Renshou 乐至Lezhi 平昌Pingchang
玉米Maize 大豆Soybean 玉米Maize 大豆Soybean 玉米Maize 大豆Soybean
2021 播种 03-30 06-11 03-28 06-10 03-26 06-08
收获 08-01 10-08 07-28 10-05 07-20 10-03
2022 播种 04-09 06-16 03-28 06-11 03-21 06-10
收获 08-05 10-12 08-01 10-08 07-19 10-05

Table 4

Yields of maize under different planting patterns"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 仁寿Renshou 乐至Lezhi 平昌Pingchang
产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 产量差Yield gap 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 产量差Yield gap 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 产量差Yield gap
逐级比较
Step by step
comparison		 与农户比较
Compared
with FC		 逐级比较
Step by step
comparison		 与农户比较
Compared
with FC		 逐级比较
Step by step
comparison		 与农户比较
Compared
with FC
2021 基础栽培 4055.8d 7205.7c 5967.4c
农户栽培 7594.1c 3538.3a 9305.2b 2099.5a 6372.3b 4040.9a
高产高效 9519.5b 1925.4b 1925.4b 10 274.2a 969.0b 969.0b 9483.2a 3110.9b 3110.9b
超高产 10 618.3a 1098.8c 3024.2a 10 375.9a 101.7c 1070.7a 9630.1a 146.9c 3257.8a
2022 基础栽培 6371.5c 7187.6c 5141.9c
农户栽培 8146.9b 1775.4a 7502.3b 614.7a 6353.5b 1411.6a
高产高效 8779.2ab 632.3b 632.3b 7640.7a 138.4b 138.4b 7540.4a 1186.9b 1186.9b
超高产 9021.5a 242.3c 874.6a 7774.2a 133.5c 271.9a 7783.5a 243.1c 1430.0a

Table 5

Yield components of maize under different planting patterns"

年份
Yield		 处理
Treatment		 仁寿Renshou 乐至Lezhi 平昌Pingchang
有效穗数
Effective ear
(×103/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains
per ear		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 有效穗数
Effective ear
(×103/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains
per ear		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 有效穗数
Effective ear
(×103/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains
per ear		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
2021 基础栽培 42.5d 356.0c 268.0c 50.7b 546.0c 260.3c 49.1b 462.0b 262.9c
农户栽培 48.5c 507.0b 308.8a 50.0b 630.0a 295.7a 50.0b 454.0b 281.0b
高产高效 62.5b 503.0b 302.7b 63.8a 585.0b 275.3b 66.1a 486.0a 295.2a
超高产 66.1a 530.0a 303.2b 64.2a 585.0b 276.4b 66.4a 486.0a 298.5a
2022 基础栽培 46.0d 574.7b 240.9c 45.8c 596.2a 263.3a 45.4c 408.1c 277.5b
农户栽培 51.7c 626.4a 251.6b 48.5bc 599.1a 258.0ab 48.1bc 476.5ab 277.3b
高产高效 54.0b 618.4a 262.9a 51.6b 581.7ab 254.7b 48.8b 495.0a 312.3a
超高产 63.9a 559.8b 252.2b 53.1a 552.7b 265.0a 51.4a 493.4a 306.7ab

Fig.1

Dry matter accumulation of maize under different planting patterns Different lowercase letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 level. The same below."

Table 6

Distribution and transport of dry matter in maize under different planting patterns %"

器官
Organ		 处理
Treatment		 仁寿Renshou 乐至Lezhi 平昌Pingchang
分配率
Allocation rate		 转运贡献率
Transfer
contribution
rate		 分配率
Allocation rate		 转运贡献率
Transfer
contribution
rate		 分配率
Allocation rate		 转运贡献率
Transfer
contribution
rate
开花期
Anthesis		 成熟期
Maturation		 开花期
Anthesis		 成熟期
Maturation		 开花期
Anthesis		 成熟期
Maturation
茎秆Stem 基础栽培 50.37c 27.23a 8.49b 59.38a 25.50b 6.63c 50.46b 22.88b 8.20b
农户栽培 58.14a 22.98c 8.89b 59.92a 25.92b 6.82c 54.66a 24.68a 8.28b
高产高效 55.59b 24.46b 8.80b 54.77b 27.21a 8.18b 51.26b 23.73a 8.58b
超高产 56.29ab 26.08a 10.34a 52.07c 22.33c 9.09a 52.67ab 23.72a 9.69a
叶Leaf 基础栽培 49.63a 22.72a 4.79b 40.62c 17.50bc 6.47b 49.54a 20.39a 3.93b
农户栽培 41.86c 17.62b 4.58b 40.08c 17.27c 6.48b 45.34c 15.12c 4.04ab
高产高效 44.41b 16.97bc 5.04b 45.23b 18.92b 6.70b 48.74ab 17.22bc 4.68a
超高产 43.71bc 15.73c 7.92a 47.93a 20.97a 7.68a 47.33b 18.58b 4.88a

Fig.2

LAD of intercropping maize population under different planting patterns JS: jointing stage, SS: silking stage, MK: milky stage, MS: maturation stage."

Table 7

Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under different planting patterns kg/kg"

地点
Site		 处理
Treatment		 PFP PFP GNUE GNUE
逐级比较
Step by step comparison		 与农户栽培比较
Compared with FC		 逐级比较
Step by step comparison		 与农户栽培比较
Compared with FC
仁寿Renshou 基础栽培 － －
农户栽培 31.64b 32.95b
高产高效 35.26a 3.62a 3.62a 34.89a 1.94a 1.94a
超高产 23.60c -11.66b -8.04b 34.44a -0.45b 1.49b
乐至Lezhi 基础栽培 － －
农户栽培 38.77a 40.92b
高产高效 38.05a -0.72a -0.72a 43.32a 2.40a 2.40a
超高产 23.06b -14.99b -15.71b 42.50a -0.82b 1.58b
平昌Pingchang 基础栽培 － －
农户栽培 26.55b 31.67b
高产高效 35.28a 8.73a 8.73a 39.33a 7.66a 7.66a
超高产 21.40c -13.88b -5.15b 35.07a -4.26b 3.40b
平均Average 基础栽培
农户栽培 32.32b 35.18b
高产高效 36.19a 2.68a 2.68a 39.18a 4.00a 4.00a
超高产 22.69c -13.39b -9.63b 37.34a -1.84b 2.16b

Table 8

SUE of intercropping maize under different planting patterns"

地区
Site		 处理
Treatment		 SUE
(%)		 SUE HUE
[kg/(hm2·℃)]		 HUE
逐级比较
Step by step comparison		 与农户栽培比较
Compared with FC		 逐级比较
Step by step comparison		 与农户栽培比较
Compared with FC
仁寿Renshou 基础栽培 1.14bc 2.27c
农户栽培 2.13b 0.99b 2.90b 0.63
高产高效 2.11b -0.02c -0.02b 3.12ab 0.22 0.22b
超高产 2.31a 0.20a 0.18a 3.21a 0.09 0.31a
乐至Lezhi 基础栽培 1.74b 4.38c
农户栽培 1.87ab 0.13b 4.98b 0.60
高产高效 1.70b -0.17c -0.17b 4.28c -0.70 -0.70b
超高产 1.97a 0.27a 0.10a 5.96a 1.68 0.98a
平昌Pingchang 基础栽培 1.27c 3.42c
农户栽培 1.48b 0.21a 4.43b 1.01b
高产高效 1.73ab 0.25a 0.25b 5.15a 0.72c 0.72b
超高产 1.84a 0.11b 0.36a 5.46a 0.31a 1.03a
平均Average 基础栽培 1.38c 3.36c
农户栽培 1.83b 0.44a 4.10b 0.75b
高产高效 1.85b 0.02c 0.02b 4.18b 0.08c 0.08b
超高产 2.04a 0.19b 0.21a 4.88a 0.69a 0.77a
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