Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 147-154.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.05.020

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Genetic Diversity Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Spring Wheat Varieties (Lines) in Ningxia

Wu Liguo1(), Li Xiaohui2, Zhao Qing1, Chen Xiaolong3(), Pan Jing1, Liu Wangqing4, Bai Haibo5(), Li Qianrong4   

  1. 1 Ningxia Vocational and Technical College of Wine and Sand Control, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
    2 Ningxia Survey and Monitor Institute of Land and Resources, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
    3 Yongning County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Yongning 750100, Ningxia, China
    4 Institute of Crop Sciences, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
    5 Agricultural Bio-Technology Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2024-05-06 Revised:2024-08-20 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-21

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Abstract:

In order to explore the agronomic trait diversity level of spring wheat varieties (lines) in Ningxia, multiple agronomic traits of 63 varieties (lines) approved in Ningxia from 1979 to 2020 were analyzed by variation coefficient, Shannon-Wiener index (H′) and cluster analysis. The results showed that the spring wheat varieties (lines) in Ningxia from 1979 to 2020 were mainly long awn and red grain, the types of tipped-awn and white grain were few. The H′ of plant height was the largest, and that of grain length to width ratio was the smallest. Through cluster analysis, the cultivated varieties (lines) in Ningxia were divided into six groups, with a maximum Euclidean genetic distance of 5.88 and an average H′ of 1.59. Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ each contained only one variety, whereas Group V contained 45 varieties (lines), accounting for 71.4% of the total varieties. The results indicated a relatively narrow genetic base. Compared with Ningchun 4, most spring wheat varieties (lines) bred in Ningxia had not achieved a noticeable increase in grain yield. However, the cultivated varieties (lines) bred since 2015 have shown certain improvements in plant morphology, early maturity, and several economic traits. These improvements were primarily characterized by earlier maturity, significantly reduced plant height, and significant increase in grains per main spike, main grain weight, and harvest index, as well as a large increase in yield.

Key words: Ningxia, Spring wheat, Agronomic trait, Genetic diversity analysis, Variety (line)

Table 1

Information of 63 spring wheat varieties (lines) tested"

编号
Code		 品种（系）
Variety (line)		 审定年份
Approval year		 编号
Code		 品种（系）
Variety (line)		 审定年份
Approval year		 编号
Code		 品种（系）
Variety (line)		 审定年份
Approval year
1 宁春1号 1979 22 宁春22号 1995 43 宁春45号 2007
2 宁春2号 1980 23 宁春23号 1995 44 宁春46号 2008
3 宁春3号 1980 24 宁春24号 1995 45 宁春47号 2008
4 宁春4号 1981 25 宁春26号 1998 46 宁春48号 2009
5 宁春5号 1983 26 宁春27号 1998 47 宁春49号 2009
6 宁春6号 1983 27 宁春29号 2000 48 宁春50号 2010
7 宁春7号 1983 28 宁春30号 2000 49 宁春51号 2010
8 宁春8号 1984 29 宁春31号 2000 50 宁春52号 2012
9 宁春9号 1986 30 宁春32号 2002 51 宁春53号 2014
10 宁春10号 1988 31 宁春33号 2002 52 宁春54号 2016
11 宁春11号 1988 32 宁春34号 2002 53 宁春55号 2017
12 宁春12号 1988 33 宁春35号 2003 54 宁春56号 2018
13 宁春13号 1990 34 宁春36号 2004 55 宁春57号 2019
14 宁春14号 1990 35 宁春37号 2005 56 宁春58号 2020
15 宁春15号 1990 36 宁春38号 2005 57 宁春59号 2020
16 宁春16号 1992 37 宁春39号 2005 58 宁春60号 2020
17 宁春17号 1992 38 宁春40号 2005 59 宁春61号 2020
18 宁春18号 1994 39 宁春41号 2006 60 宁春68号 2022
19 宁春19号 1994 40 宁春42号 2006 61 宁2038 2014
20 宁春20号 1994 41 宁春43号 2007 62 宁3015 2020
21 宁春21号 1995 42 宁春44号 2007 63 永3463 －

Table 2

Analysis of the variations in spike awn and grain color of spring wheat"

性状
Trait		 H′ 频率分布Frequency distribution
1 2 3
穗芒Spike awn 0.24 0.94 0.06 －
粒色Grain color 0.76 0.44 0.54 0.02

Table 3

Variation analysis of agronomic traits in spring wheat"

性状Trait 均值Mean 最大值Max. 最小值Min. 极差Range 标准差SD 变异系数CV (%) H′
株高Plant height (cm) 93.54 141.33 77.00 64.33 17.02 18.19 1.54
旗叶长Flag leaf length (cm) 23.66 38.89 15.54 23.35 3.39 14.34 1.63
旗叶宽Flag leaf width (cm) 1.44 2.12 0.91 1.21 0.21 14.75 1.80
穗下茎长Stem length below spike (cm) 36.03 55.20 27.12 28.08 6.06 16.83 1.91
主穗长Main spike length (cm) 10.88 14.80 8.73 6.07 1.20 11.06 1.79
主穗小穗数Spikelet number of main spike 18.37 23.87 15.27 8.60 1.54 8.36 1.85
主穗重Main spike weight (g) 1.98 2.98 1.33 1.65 0.31 15.89 1.83
主穗穗粒数Grain number per main spike 44.36 58.37 31.95 26.42 5.31 11.97 1.87
主穗着粒密度
Grain density per main spike (grains/cm)		 4.12 5.36 2.76 2.61 0.51 12.47 1.99
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 44.66 56.28 32.01 24.27 5.02 11.24 1.99
收获指数Harvest index 0.52 0.63 0.40 0.23 0.05 10.07 1.62
粒长Grain length (mm) 6.80 8.74 5.53 3.21 0.64 9.39 1.66
粒宽Grain width (mm) 3.55 4.98 3.02 1.97 0.49 13.67 1.35
籽粒长宽比Grain length to width ratio 1.99 2.68 1.40 1.28 0.27 13.71 1.29

Table 4

Changes of H′ of spring wheat in different periods"

性状Trait 1979-1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2015 2016-2020
株高Plant height 1.73 1.28 1.52 0.95 1.06 1.16 1.10 1.67
旗叶长Flag leaf length 1.39 1.55 1.68 1.33 1.43 1.77 1.10 1.85
旗叶宽Flag leaf width 1.49 1.75 1.15 0.95 1.46 1.85 1.10 1.59
穗下茎长Stem length below spike 1.73 1.55 1.74 1.33 1.68 1.52 1.10 1.80
主穗长Main spike length 0.94 1.28 1.74 1.33 1.52 1.64 1.10 1.72
主穗小穗数Spikelet number of main spike 1.32 1.55 1.74 1.33 1.52 1.67 1.10 1.29
主穗重Main spike weight 1.39 1.55 1.43 1.33 1.43 1.41 1.10 1.85
主穗穗粒数Grain number per main spike 1.49 1.75 1.21 1.05 1.52 1.72 1.10 1.85
主穗着粒密度Grain density per main spike 1.73 1.55 1.74 1.33 1.46 1.67 1.10 1.64
千粒重1000-grain weight 1.73 1.35 1.58 0.95 1.68 1.67 1.10 1.59
收获指数Harvest index 1.73 1.75 1.43 1.33 1.58 1.64 1.10 1.42
粒长Grain length 1.73 1.55 1.68 0.95 1.43 1.47 1.10 1.41
粒宽Grain width 1.73 1.75 1.43 1.05 1.74 1.59 0.64 0.89
籽粒长宽比Grain length to width ratio 1.73 1.55 1.58 0.95 1.68 1.67 1.10 1.12
穗芒特征Characteristics of awn 0.38 0.41 0.35 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
粒色Grain color 0.66 0.00 0.53 0.67 0.64 0.76 0.64 0.30
均值Mean 1.46 1.39 1.39 1.11 1.37 1.46 0.96 1.41

Fig.1

Cluster analysis of 16 agronomic traits of spring wheat"

Table 5

Average and coefficient of variation of agronomic traits of six groups"

性状
Trait		 项目
Item		 类群Group
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ
株高Plant height (cm) 均值 133.00 108.33 81.44 127.30 85.74 100.83
CV (%) － － 2.66 7.84 6.10 13.11
旗叶长Flag leaf length (cm) 均值 38.89 15.54 22.76 27.02 22.89 23.63
CV (%) － － 0.83 8.19 10.04 8.78
旗叶宽Flag leaf width (cm) 均值 2.12 1.39 1.57 1.48 1.39 1.63
CV (%) － － 0.06 12.10 13.80 13.32
穗下茎长Stem length below spike (cm) 均值 54.22 29.43 29.24 44.87 34.21 38.79
CV (%) － － 3.69 11.95 10.24 15.75
主穗长Main spike length (cm) 均值 14.80 8.73 11.37 10.74 10.81 11.23
CV (%) － － 5.01 14.74 7.91 20.21
主穗小穗数Spikelet number of main spike 均值 21.10 20.43 21.69 17.77 18.15 18.54
CV (%) － － 9.57 7.79 6.92 5.18
主穗重Main spike weight (g) 均值 2.61 1.48 2.73 2.03 1.94 1.72
CV (%) － － 10.87 12.43 12.78 8.13
主穗穗粒数Grain number per main spike 均值 46.33 38.28 53.32 40.40 45.01 40.37
CV (%) － － 8.43 10.95 10.72 6.59
主穗着粒密度
Grain density per main spike (grains/cm)		 均值 3.19 4.66 4.71 3.78 4.19 3.79
CV (%) － － 11.94 9.58 10.72 21.16
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 均值 56.28 38.60 51.43 50.04 43.24 41.98
CV (%) － － 6.47 5.79 9.73 2.90
收获指数Harvest index 均值 0.40 0.40 0.61 0.45 0.53 0.47
CV (%) － － 4.71 6.47 5.46 10.31
粒长Grain length (mm) 均值 7.94 6.74 5.84 7.47 6.70 6.86
CV (%) － － 3.77 4.14 8.79 6.63
粒宽Grain width (mm) 均值 3.68 3.05 4.73 3.43 3.53 3.35
CV (%) － － 4.57 3.94 13.25 2.14
籽粒长宽比Grain length to width ratio 均值 2.16 2.21 1.43 2.18 1.98 2.05
CV (%) － － 2.90 7.37 13.20 6.64
穗芒特征Characteristics of spike awn 类型 长芒 长芒 长芒 长芒 长芒 顶芒
粒色Grain color 类型 红粒 白粒 红粒/白粒 红粒/白粒 红粒/白粒/紫粒 白粒

Fig.2

Analysis on evolution characteristics of agronomic traits of spring wheat"

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