Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 248-253.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.06.031

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments on Yield, Starch Accumulation Rate and Starch Synthase Activity of Water Chestnut

Gao Meiping1(), Tao Yunrong2, Jiang Huiping1, Hu Yifeng1, Lin Zhicheng1, Fang Yanrong1, Ouyang Xiu1, Jiang Wen1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Vegetables, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
    2 Pingle County Agricultural Science Research Institute, Pingle 542400, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2024-06-17 Revised:2024-08-05 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-12

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Abstract:

The water chestnut variety ?Guifenti No.1? was selected as the experimental material. The effects of different nitrogen application rates and methods on agronomic characteristics, yield, starch accumulation, starch accumulation rate and starch synthase activities of starch processing water chestnut were analyzed, and the best nitrogen fertilizer operation scheme was explored. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer obviously promoted the growth and development of water chestnut. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the contents of amylose, amylopectin and total starch first increased and then decreased, and N2 (240 kg/ha) level had the most significant effect on increasing starch content. Under different nitrogen application methods, the content of amylose was the highest in N2T2 treatment, which was 13.6%, while the contents of amylopectin and total starch content were the highest in N2T3 treatment, which was 54.2% and 65.4%, respectively. The analysis of key enzymes activities in starch synthesis showed that the activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPP), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and starch branching enzyme (SBE) first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Correlation analysis showed that the starch accumulation rate was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the activities of AGPP, GBSS, SSS and SBE.

Key words: Water chestnut, Nitrogen fertilizer, Yield, Starch accumulation, Starch synthase activity

Table 1

Nitrogen fertilizer application amounts for different nitrogen level treatments kg/hm2"

施氮量
Nitrogen
application rate		 施氮方式
Nitrogen application
method		 总施氮量
Total nitrogen
application rate		 基肥
Base
fertilizer		 幼苗肥
Seedling
fertilizer		 分蘖肥
Tillering
fertilizer		 膨大肥
Expansion
fertilizer
CK － 0 0 0 0 0
N1 T1 120 60 60 0 0
T2 120 60 30 30 0
T3 120 60 20 20 20
N2 T1 240 120 120 0 0
T2 240 120 60 60 0
T3 240 120 40 40 40
N3 T1 360 180 180 0 0
T2 360 180 90 90 0
T3 360 180 60 60 60

Table 2

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer treatments on agronomic characteristics and yields of water chestnut"

施氮量
Nitrogen application rate		 施氮方式
Nitrogen application method		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 分蘖数
Tiller number		 平均单果重
Average single fruit weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
CK － 74.8±1.3b 6.3±0.8c 14.2±0.6b 15 861±320e
N1 T1 84.2±1.5a 8.4±0.7ab 15.8±0.7a 24 444±356d
T2 87.1±1.4a 9.3±1.1b 16.3±0.8a 27 375±415b
T3 82.5±1.7a 8.9±1.0ab 16.8±1.2a 26 889±312c
N2 T1 87.2±1.5a 10.0±1.3b 16.4±0.6a 27 657±356b
T2 88.3±1.6a 10.5±1.2a 16.2±0.7a 30 426±426a
T3 83.7±2.1a 11.5±1.1a 16.9±0.9a 34 215±487a
N3 T1 86.6±1.4a 10.1±1.3b 15.4±1.0a 25 560±325c
T2 89.1±1.3a 11.2±1.2a 15.9±1.1a 25 825±352c
T3 83.4±1.4a 10.6±1.0b 16.8±1.1a 28 117±321b

Table 3

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the accumulation of amylose, amylopectin and total starch during the expansion of water chestnut corm %"

施氮量
Nitrogen
application rate		 施氮方式
Nitrogen
application method		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose content		 支链淀粉含量
Amylopectin content		 总淀粉含量
Total starch content
82 97 112 127 82 97 112 127 82 97 112 127
N1 T1 9.5b 8.2b 6.7c 8.2b 30.9b 34.7bc 42.3b 44.9b 40.4c 42.9bc 49.0bc 53.1b
T2 12.1a 11.2a 7.5b 9.2a 32.3b 35.9b 43.5b 46.0b 44.4b 47.1b 51.0b 55.3b
T3 11.5a 10.6a 6.4c 7.7bc 35.0a 39.6b 45.2b 47.9b 46.5b 50.2a 51.6b 55.5b
N2 T1 10.9b 9.7b 7.6b 9.0a 32.1b 37.7b 45.7b 47.4b 43.0b 47.4b 53.3b 56.4b
T2 13.6a 11.2a 8.3a 10.1a 36.8a 40.7ab 49.1ab 51.0a 50.4a 51.9a 57.4a 61.1a
T3 12.5a 10.8a 7.7b 8.5b 38.1a 45.6a 54.2a 56.9a 50.6a 56.4a 61.9a 65.4a
N3 T1 6.7d 6.1c 5.0d 5.8d 29.0c 30.2c 33.4d 35.8d 35.7d 36.3d 38.4d 41.6d
T2 9.4b 7.9b 6.1c 7.5bc 30.2b 32.1c 35.7c 36.0c 39.6c 40.0c 41.8c 43.5c
T3 8.0c 7.1bc 5.8d 6.8c 32.6b 34.9bc 38.9c 39.0c 40.6c 42.0c 44.7c 45.8c
CK － 6.9d 6.4c 5.8d 6.2c 29.6c 32.5c 37.9c 39.0c 36.5d 38.9d 43.7c 45.2c

Fig.1

Accumulation rates of amylose, amylopection and total starch in water chestnut under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments"

Fig.2

AGPP, GBSS, SSS and SBE activities in water chestnut under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments"

Table 4

Correlation analysis of starch accumulation rate and enzyme activity in water chestnut under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments"

酶活性
Enzyme activity		 淀粉积累速率Starch accumulation rate
N1 N2 N3 T1 T2 T3 CK 所有处理Total treatments
AGPP 0.926** 0.976** 0.960** 0.868** 0.879** 0.834* 0.921** 0.946**
GBSS 0.948** 0.939** 0.949** 0.912** 0.924** 0.908** 0.712* 0.915**
SSS 0.945** 0.956** 0.967** 0.923** 0.918** 0.921** 0.613* 0.924**
SBE 0.898** 0.876** 0.878** 0.891** 0.842* 0.845* 0.736* 0.876**
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