Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 67-72.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.06.009

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Genetic Analysis of High-Yield Wheat Variety Zhoumai 27 and Its Parents

Du Xiaoyu(), Zou Shaokui, Li Nannan, Wang Lina, Zhang Qian, Lü Yongjun, Li Shuncheng, Han Yulin()   

  1. Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, China
  • Received:2024-05-28 Revised:2024-07-11 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-12

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Abstract:

To investigate the genetic impact of variety selection on wheat and the distribution of associated functional genes, the high-yield wheat variety Zhoumai 27 and its parents (Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 16), were analyzed using a 55K SNP wheat breeding chip. Results showed a significant difference in the genetic contribution of the two parents to Zhoumai 27. Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 16 contributed 33.32% and 66.68% of the genetic material to Zhoumai 27, respectively. Among them, Zhoumai 16 contributed 66.54%, 70.85%, and 59.65% to the A, B, and D subgenomes of Zhoumai 27, respectively. This demonstrated that Zhoumai 27 inherited a larger proportion of genetic fragments from Zhoumai 16, exhibiting a clear parental bias. Furthermore, 1.5K breeding gene chip analysis revealed that Zhoumai 27 inherited high 1000-grain weight genes Tabas1, TaGS5-A1, and TaGW2-6A, and also contained the TaSus2-2B high 1000-grain weight gene, along with disease resistance genes such as YrSP, Yr29, Yr78, Yr75, Lr67, and Pm12. This study elucidated the genetic structure and functional gene composition underlying important traits of Zhoumai 27, providing reference for its genetic improvement and practical application.

Key words: Wheat, Backbone parent, Zhoumai 27, 55K SNP chip, Genetic basis

Fig.1

The number of SNP loci and chromosome distribution of Zhoumai 27 and its parents"

Fig.2

Genetic contribution of Zhoumai 16 and Aikang 58 on different chromosomes"

Fig.3

Genetic map of Zhoumai 27 and its parents Red: segments from Aikang 58; Yellow: segments from Zhoumai 16; Blue: Zhoumai 27 specific segment; Gray: segments detected in both Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 16."

Table 1

Functional gene typing of Zhoumai 27 and its parents"

性状
Characteristic		 基因
Gene		 染色体
Chromosome		 周麦16
Zhoumai 16		 矮抗58
Aikang 58		 周麦27号
Zhoumai 27
高千粒重High 1000-grain weight Tabas1 2B + + +
TaGS5-A1 3A + + +
TaGW2-6A 6A + + +
TaSus2-2B 2B － － +
低千粒重Low 1000-grain weight TaSus2-2A 2A + + +
软粒Soft grain Pinb-D1 5D + + +
大籽粒Large grain QGl-4A 4A + + +
低黄色素含量Low yellow pigment content TaLCYE-B1 3B + + +
抗条锈病Resistance to stripe rust Yr29 1B + + +
YrSP 2B － + +
Yr78 6B － + +
Yr75 7A － + +
抗叶锈病Resistance to leaf rust Lr46 1B － － +
Lr67 4B + + +
抗白粉病Resistance to powdery mildew Pm12 6B + + +
低穗发芽率Low spike germination rate TaSdr-A1 2A － + +
高穗发芽率High spike germination rate TaSdr-B1 2B + + +
TaMFT-3A 3A + + +
Phs1 3A + + +
高秆High stem QPht-2D 2D + + +
Rht-B1 4B + + +
矮秆Dwarf stem RHT-8 2D + + +
Rht-D1 4D + + +
Rht24 6A + + +
高多酚氧化酶活性High polyphenol oxidase activity Ppo2-B1 2B － + +
Ppo2-D1 2D + + +
晚开花Late flowering ELF3-B1 1D + + +
冬性Winterness Vrn-A1 5A + + +
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